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冻干机：本设计采纳真空冷冻枯燥机，真空冷冻枯燥是将物料放在密封的枯燥室内冷冻成固态，然后在真空下将冰升华为水蒸气，再用水冷凝器将水蒸汽冷凝。
要紧由物料的容器，水冷凝器和真空设备组成。
真空冷冻枯燥所用的冻干机要紧种类如下：〔1〕柜式小型冻干机〔2〕中型冻干机〔3〕工业生产用大型冻干机。
本设计选用的是工业生产用大型冻干机，因为本次设计生产产品量较大，前两种明显不能满足要求，目前医用大型冻干机面积可达60㎡，能满足生产需求。
以如下面图为某新型医药用冻干机。
其捕水器、制冷真空系统安装在底层。
一层楼面是无菌室、装料、进料和卸料在不同室内进行，并实现自动压盖，到达无菌化、自动化操作。
冻干机型号选择：本次设计年生产能力为：2000万支/年。
工作班制为250天/年。
那么天天生产能力为：2000/250=8万支/天。
而5ml的西林瓶直径为20mm一次冻干时刻大约为26小时左右故可选择型号规格为20的药品冻干机，数量需要两台。
其技术参数如下：㎡.西林瓶数目〔φ20mm〕/瓶：41500搁板尺寸长：1500mm宽：1200mm搁板数量/块：11+1搁板间距：100mm〔可依据用户要求另选尺寸〕搁板温度范围/℃:-55~~~70冷凝器捕水量/kg：400冷凝器温度/℃：=<-70极限真空/Pa：=<1装机功率/kw：100外形尺寸长：6500mm宽：1800mm高：3600mm质量/kg:12000配料罐：配料罐常采纳椭圆封头，夹套换热，带机械搅拌，搅拌转速通常可调，物料管口均采纳国际通用标准块状卡箍式，罐内安装用液位计〔无触电超声波传感器或快开式玻璃管等形式〕，空气呼吸器，温度计〔数显或表盘式〕，清洗球，视镜等。
配料罐材料，首选材料为316L不锈钢。
关于口服液体制剂产品，可酌情选用钛钢，304不锈钢等。
本次设计将采纳316L不锈钢。
其夹套及支撑等应采纳不锈钢制作，夹套保温层外应有不锈钢保卫层。
搅拌电机及减速机等宜有不锈钢保卫罩。
（一）有关盘根知识盘根，也叫密封填料，通常由较柔软的线状物编织而成，通过截面积是正方形的条状物填充在密封腔体内,从而实现密封。
盘根的种类有芳纶盘根，石墨盘根，四氟盘根，高水基盘根，碳纤维盘根，芳纶碳纤维盘根，芳纶四氟盘根，苎麻盘根，牛油盘根，石棉盘根，陶瓷盘根，油浸盘根，橡胶盘根等。
石棉盘根耐热润滑油和石墨的石棉线编织而成，适用于回转轴，往复活塞或阀门杆上作密封材料。
介质为蒸汽、空气、工业用水、重质石油产品。
可根据工况要求生产夹钢丝(或镍丝、不锈钢丝)铅粉油浸石棉盘根。
石墨盘根由一种不锈钢丝增强的石墨线编织成的柔韧并且高强度的编织盘根。
与其它盘根组合使用所达到的优异的密封性能使之成为非常优秀密封材料，特别是在高压下。
除少数的强氧化剂外，它能用于密封热水，高温高压水蒸气，热传递流体，氢气体，氨，有机溶剂，碳化氢，低温液体等介质。
它也是独特的万用密封盘根它主要使用含固体颗粒的易磨损介质，推荐使用于过热蒸汽、溶剂、液化汽、糖浆及其它易磨流体。
编织盘根具有优异的润滑性、耐磨性，最突出的性能是高强度、高磨量同时也有较好的耐化学性，高回弹，低冷流且易快速拆装。
特别适用于含有固体颗粒介质的动密封部位。
四氟盘根由纯聚四氟乙烯纤维编织而成的，不经PTFE乳液及润滑油脂处理。
因是由实心编织而具有柔韧可调性，所以与轴，填料箱能很好的配合有卓越的耐腐蚀性能，良好的自润滑性和防粘贴性。
可用于化工、食品、医药、造纸、化纤、精细化工等不允许有污染的操作场合，适用于除了可溶性碱金属和游离氟离子以外的所有化学介质。
1、白四氟乙烯盘根，又称洁净型耐腐蚀盘根。
该盘根由聚四氟乙烯线制成的编织盘根。
不浸渍任何聚四氟乙烯乳液和油脂类。
聚四氟乙烯具有很多优良的特性，耐腐蚀，自润滑，不粘贴。
但也存在传热差，热膨胀系数大，有冷流等缺点。
适用于压力不高的阀门及转速较低的应用，但对介质的纯度及抗腐蚀性有较高要求的地方，如：食品行业、医药、造纸、化纤等。
石墨石棉盘根执行标准-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述石墨石棉盘根是一种重要的工业材料，由石墨和石棉纤维混合而成。
它具有优异的物理和化学性能，在许多领域都有广泛的应用。
石墨石棉盘根在化工、冶金、石油、电力等行业中扮演着重要角色，被广泛用于密封、隔热、减振等方面。
本文将对石墨石棉盘根的定义、特点以及应用领域进行深入探讨。
首先，我们将介绍石墨石棉盘根的成分和制备工艺，以及其在工业生产中的重要作用。
其次，我们将探讨其优异的物理和化学性能，并分析其与其他材料相比的优势。
此外，我们还将重点讨论石墨石棉盘根在各个应用领域中的具体应用情况，包括密封件、隔热材料、振动减缓材料等。
本文的目的是通过对石墨石棉盘根的深入研究，加深人们对该材料的了解，并强调其在工业领域中的重要性。
同时，希望通过对石墨石棉盘根执行标准的探讨，促进其规范化生产和应用，以确保产品质量和安全性。
在接下来的章节中，我们将从不同的角度对石墨石棉盘根进行详细阐述。
首先，我们将在第2.1节中介绍石墨石棉盘根的定义和特点，包括其物理性质、化学性质以及制备过程。
随后，我们将在第2.2节中探讨石墨石棉盘根的应用领域，包括在化工、冶金、石油、电力等行业中的具体应用情况。
最后，在第3节中，我们将对石墨石棉盘根执行标准的重要性进行分析，并展望其未来的推广和应用前景。
通过本文的阐述，相信读者能够更全面地了解石墨石棉盘根的定义、特点以及应用领域，并认识到石墨石棉盘根执行标准的重要性。
希望本文能够为相关领域的研究人员、企业决策者以及工程技术人员提供一些参考和借鉴，促进相关领域的发展与进步。
1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以包括以下内容：文章的结构是指整个长文的框架和组织方式，它通常包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。
在石墨石棉盘根执行标准的长文中，我们将按照以下顺序进行介绍和讨论。
首先，在引言部分，我们会对石墨石棉盘根执行标准的概述进行阐述。
我们会介绍石墨石棉盘根的定义和特点，以及本文的目的。
密封填料——盘根盘根也叫密封填料，通常由较柔软的线状物编织而成，通过截面积是正方形的条状物填充在密封腔体内,从而实现密封。
填料密封最早是以棉麻等纤维塞在泄漏通道内来阻止液流泄漏，主要用作提水机械的轴封。
由于填料来源广泛，加工容易，价格低廉，密封可靠，操作简单，所以沿用至今。
现在盘根被广泛用于离心泵、压缩机、真空泵、搅拌机和船舶螺旋桨的转轴密封、活塞泵、往复式压缩机、制冷机的往复运动轴封，以及各种阀门阀杆的旋动密封等。
盘根型号名称：浸四氟石墨盘根型号：WBO-1230浸四氟石墨盘根由鳞片状膨胀石墨内衬棉纱线编织外浸四氟乳液而成。
我们可以根据腐蚀环境与用户需求把填料(盘根)进行缓蚀剂处理，使填料(盘根)具有更好防腐功能。
产品适用于高温下的静态密封。
使用范围：热水、蒸汽、油类、热交换液、酸、碱、氨气、氢气、有机溶剂、碳氢化合物、低温液体产品规格：3*3mm以上，特殊规格可定做温度：450°C压力：旋转泵3Mpa往复泵10Mpa 阀20Mpa名称：芳纶纤维盘根型号：WBO-1110芳纶纤维盘根由芳纶纤维线浸渍聚四氟乳液和润滑剂处理编织而成。
它具有很强的耐磨性，被称为人造金属线。
该盘根经久耐用，适用于含固体颗粒的易磨损介质，高线速度下的旋转或往复机构的填料密封。
它既可单独使用，也可与其它盘根组合使用，作为端环防挤出。
设备：泵，阀，旋转机械行业：化学、石油、制药、食品和食糖，纸浆、造纸及电力行业。
介质：适合于含固体颗粒的易磨损介质，推荐使用于过热蒸汽、溶剂、液化汽、糖浆及其它易磨流体。
产品规格：3*3mm以上，特殊尺寸可定做。
主要技术参数：压力旋转泵25Mpa往复泵10Mpa 阀20Mpa温度280°CPH值2-12线速度0-12米/秒m/s名称：苎麻纤维盘根型号：WBO-1520苎麻纤维柔软，纺织性能好，浸渍性好，经浸渍聚四氟乙烯乳液的苎麻纤维强度增加，抗腐能力提高，摩擦系数减小，对轴的磨损性也很小，可用于低压，低速的海水，清水处的密封，也适用于输送食品，油，水果汁等介质设备的密封。
史上最全介绍盘根密封，值得收藏！盘根也叫密封填料，通常由较柔软的线状物编织而成，通过截面积是正方形的条状物填充在密封腔体内,从而实现密封。
填料密封最早是以棉麻等纤维塞在泄漏通道内来阻止液流泄漏，主要用作提水机械的轴封。
由于填料来源广泛，加工容易，价格低廉，密封可靠，操作简单，所以沿用至今。
现在盘根主要以石墨、各种纤维为主要材料，根据不同的要求，采用碳纤维、铜丝、304、316L、茵苛镍合金丝等材料加强。
常见的盘根简介膨胀石墨盘根:膨胀石墨盘根又称柔性石墨盘根采用柔性石墨线经穿心编织而成。
膨胀石墨盘根具有良好的自润滑性及导热性，摩擦系数小，通用性强，柔软性好，强度高，对轴杆有保护作用等优点。
该盘根属于通用性盘根，广泛用于各行各业。
增强石墨盘根:增强石墨盘根采用玻璃纤维、铜丝、不锈钢丝、镍丝，茵苛镍合金丝等材料增强的纯膨胀石墨线编织而成。
具有膨胀石墨的各项特性，而且通用性强，柔软性好，强度高。
与一般的编织盘根组合，是解决高温，高压密封难题的最有效的密封元件。
该盘根是膨胀石墨盘根的增强版，是非常优秀的密封材料。
石棉盘根:石棉盘根是由石棉线编织经浸渍PTFE乳液或石墨乳编织而成，具有更优异的密封效果，常用于泵、阀、法兰等。
石棉盘根应用：纯石棉纤维盘根：静密封,作为高温、高压工况下的填充材料及隔热材料。
石棉浸四氟盘根：动、静密封，尤其适用于中等压力下高速泵。
石棉浸石墨盘根：动密封，主要作为泵、阀的填料（锅炉用给料泵尤为适合）。
适合于碱溶液、粘稠液体（如油）、水、蒸汽、气体、热水、和盐液。
石棉含镍丝增强盘根：静密封为主，作为静密封用于手孔、人孔、壳盖等。
适合于蒸汽锤、反应釜、蒸汽阀等密封处粗糙不平整的地方。
也可用于高温高压情况下的阀门及转速较慢的设备。
芳纶纤维盘根:芳纶纤维盘根由芳纶纤维浸渍聚四氟乳液和润滑剂处理编织而成。
有较好的耐化学性，高回弹，低冷流。
芳纶盘根具有极好的高转速、高模数的性质（被称为人造金属线）。
Bulletin 4300-QRGApril 2005 Industrial Tube Fittings, Adapters & EquipmentQuick Reference GuideTheWorld StandardSAE/NPT Tube Fittings, Adapters & AccessoriesO-Ring Face SealSeal-Lok ™Sizes ..........................................1/4" through 2"Materials .....................Steel, Stainless Steel Pressures ..................................Up to 9200 psiPipe SwivelsSizes ..........................................1/8" through 2"Materials .....................Steel, Stainless Steel Pressures ..................................Up to 5000 psi37°Flare FittingsTriple-Lok®Sizes ..........................................1/8" through 2"Materials .........Steel, Stainless Steel, Brass Pressures ..................................Up to 9000 psiHydraulic Flange & Flange AdaptersSizes ..........................................3/4" through 3"Materials .....................Steel, Stainless Steel Pressures ..................................Up to 6000 psiFlareless Bite TypeFerulok ®Sizes ..........................................1/8" through 2"Materials .....................Steel, Stainless Steel Pressures ..................................Up to 6000 psiConversion AdaptersSizes ....................................1/4" through 1-1/2"Materials .....................Steel, Stainless Steel Pressures ..................................Up to 7700 psiPipe Fittings & Port AdaptersSizes ..........................................1/8" through 2"Materials .........Steel, Stainless Steel, Brass Pressures ..................................Up to 7200 psiFlareless Bite TypeIntrulok®Sizes .......................................1/8" through 1/2"Materials ..................................................Brass Pressures ..................................Up to 1500 psiTube & Hose ClampsParklamp ®Sizes ..........................................1/4" through 3"Materials .......................Polypropylene/Steel Pressures .....................................................N/AMetric Tube Fittings, Adapters & Accessories24°FlarelessEO®– ErmetoSizes ..............................4 mm through 42 mm Materials .........Steel, Stainless Steel, Brass Pressures ....................................Up to 630 bar 37°Flared FittingsMetric Triple-Lok®Sizes ..............................6 mm through 38 mm Materials .....................Steel, Stainless Steel Pressures ..................................Up to 7200 psiMetric TubeSizes ..............................4 mm through 65 mm Materials ..............Steel (St. 37.4) phosphate oiled or zinc-plated yellow chromateSoft Seal 24°FlarelessEO-2®– ErmetoSizes ..............................4 mm through 42 mmMaterials .....................Steel, Stainless SteelPressures ....................................Up to 630 bar60°Cone BSPP AdaptersK4 AdaptersSizes ..........................................1/8" through 2"Materials ...................................................SteelPressures ..................................Up to 5000 psi30°FlareKomatsu Style AdaptersSizes .................M14 x 1.5 through M33 x 1.5Materials ...................................................SteelPressures ..................................Up to 4000 psiO-Ring Face SealMetric Seal-Lok™Sizes ..............................6 mm through 38 mmMaterials ...................................................SteelPressures ..................................Up to 9200 psiJapanese Industrial StandardJISSizes..........................................1/4" through 1"Materials...................................................SteelPressures ..................................Up to 5000 psiTube ClampsSizes ............................6 mm through 219 mmMaterials ..................................PolypropylenePressures .....................................................N/APower Equipment & AccessoriesFlange & Flare MachineParflange ®1025Bench-top machine used to flange or flare both inch and metric tube for use with ParkerSeal-Lok ™or Triple-Lok ®fittings.Hydraulic BendingHB632Operates hydraulically and bends steel and stainless-steel tube from 3/8" through 2",10 mm through 50 mm and pipe 3/8" through 1-1/2".Hydraulic Flaring & PresettingHydra-Tool ®Flares steel, stainless-steel and copper tube sizes 1/4"through 2" and 6 mm through 50 mm. Presets steel and stainless-steel tube 1/4" through 2" and 6 mm through 42 mm.Tube Prep CenterTP1025Performs four functions: cuts, deburrs,flares and flanges tube. Mounted with Parflange 1025 and cut-off saw.Tube & Pipe Bender KitCP432Bends steel and stainless-steel tube and pipe from 1/4" to 2" utilizing a center push bending method and 90 psi air supply.Cut-Off Saw & Deburr ToolCut-off saw cuts 1/4" through 2-3/4" copper, brass, aluminum, steel and stainless-steel tube at a low speed to prevent work hardening the tube end. Power deburr tool deburrs the I.D and O.D. of 1/4"through 2" steel, stainless-steel, copper and aluminum tube.Flange & Flare MachineParflange ®1040Flanges or flares inch and metric tube in less than 15 seconds for use with ParkerSeal-Lok ™or Triple-Lok ®fittings.Hydraulic PresettingHyferset ®Presets both inch and metric ferrules on steel or stainless-steel tube from 1/4" through 2" or6 mm through 28 mm.Hand Equipment & AccessoriesBender KitsExactol ®400 SeriesPortable crank-operated bender that is vise or bench mountable. Capable of bending 1/4"through 1-1/2" and 6 mm through 38 mm tube.Cutting & Deburring ToolsVarious tools for cutting, deburring and properly preparing 1/8" through 2" tube forassembly to fittings.Thread I.D. KitVarious thread I.D. tools for identifying bothfemale and male threads.WrenchesPar-Lok ®360°snap-action ratchet for hex sizes from 3/8" to 2-1/4" across the flats and metricfrom 10 mm to 50 mm.Port ToolsLubricants & SealantsA variety of sealants, lubricants, primers and cleaners for fastener andfitting applications.Flaring ToolsVarious flaring tools for 1/8" through 1-1/2"and 6 mm through 38 mm tube.Presetting ToolsVarious tools for presetting tube 1/8" through2" and 4 mm through 42 mm.Hand BendersFor bending 1/8" through 1" and 5 mm through25 mm copper, aluminum, steel orstainless-steel tube.Tapping and counterboring tools for SAE J1926-1, DIN 3852-1, BSPP (ISO 228-1 andISO 7-1), NPTF and ISO 6149-1.Non-Standard ProductsParker Tube Fittings Division has a dedicated facility to manufacture all of our customers ’ “non-standard ” products. We have the ability to manufacture sizes from 1/16" through 3" in any of your material needs.Specialty ProductsParker offers a full line of diagnostic, orifice, screen fittings, bleed adaptersand specialty products.Custom ProductsTriple-Lok ®2Parker ’s patent-pending soft seal stainless 37°flare fitting available in sizes 1/4"through 2" provides pressures as much as 20% more than standard Triple-Lok."Dry Technology" is the achieve-ment of leak-free connections.No one knows it better than Parker – the industry's foremost educator on the subject. Our exclusive Dry Technology training equips designers,assemblers and maintenance personnel with the knowledge to achieve powerful advantages in hydraulic system perform-ance, safety, and savings. And it provides valuable reference tools including the most comprehen-sive Dry Technology hand book in the industry.To have a Dry Technology train-ing session presented at your facility, contact your Parker field sales representative or distributor.Dry Technology Begins with Parkerworldwide.The Tube Fittings Division forges its products from the best materials available to assure strength and durability. For example, tube nuts are “cold-formed”from quality materials for close-grained toughness. The result is a fitting with total reliability – a fitting that can stand up to years of severe service.Your Leader in InnovationAlways pursuing perfection, Parker leads the way in solutions to ensure leak-free connections and longest-lasting fitting performance. For one, our revolutionary Parflange®process flanges and flares high-pressure tube connections in just seconds –industry standard for industrial tube fitting training. Your Custom Products AdvantageWhen it comes to custom products, Parker has an entire facility dedicated to manufacturing them precisely to your specifications or drawings, and in record time. With our technology and resources working 24 hours a day, we can design and deliver these products in the time it would take most manu-facturers to devise a plan. And we can meet your needs in almost any size, configuration or material, including steel, stainless steel, brass, aluminum, and numerous others. Whether it's a simple“jump-sized”fitting or a unique “outside the box” application, we have the expertise to bring the solution to your door.How to Order Parker Tube FittingsWhen ordering Parker Tube Fittings, please state the Cataloged Number of each type of fitting desired. Be sure to double check tube and hose sizes of items required.To select proper seal materials for specific applications,refer to Media Compatibility Chart in Tube Fitting Catalog 4300, or contact your Parker Tube Fitting Distributor.If in doubt about which type or size of fitting to specify, consult your Parker Tube Fitting Distributor. In addition Parker Field Sales,Technical Services, Tube Fitting Division and your local Parker Service Center will help you find answers to all your problems.Note: Refer to Parker Catalog 4300 for more detailed application information.CALL TOLL-FREE 1-800-C PARKER (1-800-272-7537)Parker Information Center for catalogs, literature or additional information.Trap-Seal TM O-ring, with its revolutionary trapezoidal shape,dramatically improves seal retention for our Seal-Lok TM O-ring face seal fittings – virtually eliminating O-ring pop-out and consequent leakage, saving pre-assembly time and concern, and greatly reducing seal replace/reinstall needs. Works in standard SAE J1453 half-dovetail grooves.Robust Port Stud TM enhancement made to our SAE adjustable port allows for remarkably easier assembly – and eliminates washer damage and potential leaks. Its longer lock nut pro-vides more area to wrench, while threads remain covered.And while it well exceeds SAE standards, it’s conveniently interchangeable with other SAE adjustable connectors.Step up to even greater leak-free security and fittings that perform like new – longer than ever before. Just look to Parker ACESolutions, our latest exclusive innovations. Count on us continually to develop and introduce them, further raising our industry ’s standards, and yours.Parker Means Performance PlusOur advantages never end with innovation.That's just one valuable part of your total performance-plus edge, with Parker. Count on Parker Tube Fittings Division for performance above and beyond, including:•Broadest product line in the industry•Exhaustive testing during every phase of design and production•High-profile involvement in SAE, NFPA and ISO standardization committees•Widest product availability through a network of more than 1,600 stocking distributors and sales offices worldwide•CAD models available for downloading at our Web siteEverything we do is your assurance that Parker tube fittings and services are your absolute best decision.Today...and tomorrow.Parker Hannifin Corporation T ube Fittings Division3885 Gateway Blvd. Columbus,Ohio 43228T elephone: (614)279-7070 Fax: (614)279-7685 /tfd©Parker Hannifin CorporationPrinted in U.S.A.4300-QRG 20M SL 4/05 Central RegionSales Office&Service CenterHiawatha,IA(319)393-1221(319)393-1224 F AXCleveland RegionSales OfficeCleveland,OH(216)896-3000(216)896-4022 F AXService CenterT oledo,OH(419)878-7000(419)878-7001 FAXGreat Lakes RegionSales OfficeOtsego,MI(269)694-2550(269)694-2594 F AXService CenterT oledo,OH(419)878-7000(419)878-7001 FAXMinneapolis RegionSales Office&Service CenterLakeville,MN(952)469-5000(952)469-5729 FAXNortheast RegionSales Office&Service CenterT renton, NJ(609)586-5151(609)586-3149 FAXPacific RegionSales Office&Service CenterPortland, OR(503)283-1020(503)283-2201 F AXService CenterBuena Park,CA(714)522-8840(714)994-1183 F AXSoutheast RegionSales Office&Service CenterGreensboro,NC(336)373-1761(336)378-0913 FAXService CenterConyers, GA(770)929-0330(770)929-0230 FAXSouthwest RegionSales OfficeMansfield,TX(817)473-4431(817)453-8022 FAXCanadaSales Office&Service CenterGrimsby,ON(905)945-2274(905)945-3946 FAX(Contact Grimsby for otherService Center locations.) Fluid Connectors GroupRegional Sales Offices &Service CentersTheWorld StandardY our Complete Source for quality tube fittings, hose and hose fittings,brass fittings and valves, quick-disconnect couplings,and assembly tools,locally available from a worldwide network of authorized stocking distributorsand sales offices.Fittings&Couplings:Available in inch and metric sizes covering SAE, BSP,DIN,GAZ,JIS and ISO thread configurations, manufactured from steel, stainless steel,brass,aluminum,nylon and thermoplastic.Hose, T ubing&Bundles: Available in a wide variety of sizes and materials including rubber, wire-reinforced thermoplastic, hybrid and custom compounds. Worldwide Availability:Parker operates Fluid Connectors manufacturing locations and sales offices throughout North America, South America,Europe andAsia-Pacific.For information,contact the nearest Regional Sales Office listed, or call toll-free1-800-C-PARKER (1-800-272-7537).。
