围术期恶性心律失常的识别及处理(一)
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•专家论坛•围术期常见心律失常的识别与处理张向阳 许媛DOI :10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2018.04.003作者单位:102218 北京,清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院, 清华大学临床医学院通信作者:许媛,Email :xya01200@【摘要】 由于所患疾病、基础疾病和内环境紊乱等因素的影响,围术期心律失常并不少见,其可能会对患者生命安全或脏器功能造成不良影响。
需要快速准确地识别并紧急处置恶性心律失常,正确处置症状性心律失常及其基础疾病和诱发因素。
本文对常见的围术期心律失常的识别、处置进行阐述,包括恶性心律失常、高质量心肺复苏、电复律、起搏器、抗心律失常抢救用药以及注意事项等进行阐述。
总之,围术期心律失常处置的紧急程度,取决于心律失常对血流动力学的影响,处置亦应考虑围术期因素的影响,如术后出血、缺氧等。
【关键词】 心律失常; 识别与处理; 围术期Identification and management for common peri-operative cardiac arrhythmias Zhang Xiangyang, Xu Yuan. Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, ChinaCorresponding author: Xu Yuan, Email: xya01200@【Abstract 】 Peri-operative cardiac arrhythmias are not uncommon in patients with underlying diseases or internal environment disturbance, some of which might be fatal and induce organ dysfunction. A quick recognition and proper treatment for malignant cardiac arrhythmias or symptomatic arrhythmias and treatment for underlying diseases, would prevent patients from deteriorating. Recognition and treatment for common peri-operative cardiac arrhythmias are reviewed in detail, including high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, electrical cardio-version, cardio-pacing, anti-arrhythmic medicines and some cautions during these managements. Most evidence-based recommendations come from recent international/domestic guidelines or expert consensus, for example, AHA or ESC CPR guidelines, supra-ventricular arrhythmia management guidelines, atrial fibrillation management guidelines, pre-operational evaluation in non-cardiac surgery, ventricular arrhythmias management guidelines and so on. As a conclusion, the emergency of peri-operative arrhythmias depends on its effect on hemodynamics, ie, how life-threatening it is. The effect of some peri-operative factors, such as post-surgery bleeding, hypoxemia and so on should be taken in account while treating peri-operative arrhythmias.【Key words 】 Cardiac arrhythmias; Identification and management; Peri-operative围术期发生心律失常并不少见,发生率甚至高达85%[1]。