⼆叉树的遍历及常⽤算法⼆叉树的遍历及常⽤算法遍历的定义:按照某种次序访问⼆叉树上的所有结点,且每个节点仅被访问⼀次;遍历的重要性:当我们需要对⼀颗⼆叉树进⾏,插⼊,删除,查找等操作时,通常都需要先遍历⼆叉树,所有说:遍历是⼆叉树的基本操作;遍历思路:⼆叉树的数据结构是递归定义(每个节点都可能包含相同结构的⼦节点),所以遍历也可以使⽤递归,即结点不为空则继续递归调⽤每个节点都有三个域,数据与,左孩⼦指针和右孩⼦之指针,每次遍历只需要读取数据,递归左⼦树,递归右⼦树,这三个操作三种遍历次序:根据访问三个域的不同顺序,可以有多种不同的遍历次序,⽽通常对于⼦树的访问都按照从左往右的顺序;设:L为遍历左⼦树,D为访问根结点,R为遍历右⼦树,且L必须位于R的前⾯可以得出以下三种不同的遍历次序:先序遍历操作次序为DLR,⾸先访问根结点，其次遍历根的左⼦树，最后遍历根右⼦树，对每棵⼦树同样按这三步(先根、后左、再右)进⾏中序遍历操作次序为LDR,⾸先遍历根的左⼦树，其次访问根结点，最后遍历根右⼦树，对每棵⼦树同样按这三步(先左、后根、再右)进⾏后序遍历操作次序为LRD,⾸先遍历根的左⼦树，其次遍历根的右⼦树，最后访问根结点，对每棵⼦树同样按这三步(先左、后右、最后根)进⾏层次遍历层次遍历即按照从上到下从左到右的顺序依次遍历所有节点,实现层次遍历通常需要借助⼀个队列,将接下来要遍历的结点依次加⼊队列中;遍历的应⽤“遍历”是⼆叉树各种操作的基础，可以在遍历过程中对结点进⾏各种操作，如:对于⼀棵已知⼆叉树求⼆叉树中结点的个数求⼆叉树中叶⼦结点的个数;求⼆叉树中度为1的结点个数求⼆叉树中度为2的结点个数5求⼆叉树中⾮终端结点个数交换结点左右孩⼦判定结点所在层次等等...C语⾔实现:#include <stdio.h>//⼆叉链表数据结构定义typedef struct TNode {char data;struct TNode *lchild;struct TNode *rchild;} *BinTree, BinNode;//初始化//传⼊⼀个指针令指针指向NULLvoid initiate(BinTree *tree) {*tree = NULL;}//创建树void create(BinTree *BT) {printf("输⼊当前结点值: (0则创建空节点)\n");char data;scanf(" %c", &data);//连续输⼊整形和字符时.字符变量会接受到换⾏,所以加空格if (data == 48) {*BT = NULL;return;} else {//创建根结点//注意开辟的空间⼤⼩是结构体的⼤⼩⽽不是结构体指针⼤⼩,写错了不会⽴马产⽣问题,但是后续在其中存储数据时极有可能出现内存访问异常(飙泪....) *BT = malloc(sizeof(struct TNode));//数据域赋值(*BT)->data = data;printf("输⼊节点 %c 的左孩⼦ \n", data);create(&((*BT)->lchild));//递归创建左⼦树printf("输⼊节点 %c 的右孩⼦ \n", data);create(&((*BT)->rchild));//递归创建右⼦树}}//求双亲结点(⽗结点)BinNode *Parent(BinTree tree, char x) {if (tree == NULL)return NULL;else if ((tree->lchild != NULL && tree->lchild->data == x) || (tree->rchild != NULL && tree->rchild->data == x))return tree;else{BinNode *node1 = Parent(tree->lchild, x);BinNode *node2 = Parent(tree->rchild, x);return node1 != NULL ? node1 : node2;}}//先序遍历void PreOrder(BinTree tree) {if (tree) {//输出数据printf("%c ", tree->data);//不为空则按顺序继续递归判断该节点的两个⼦节点PreOrder(tree->lchild);PreOrder(tree->rchild);}}//中序void InOrder(BinTree tree) {if (tree) {InOrder(tree->lchild);printf("%c ", tree->data);InOrder(tree->rchild);}}//后序void PostOrder(BinTree tree) {if (tree) {PostOrder(tree->lchild);PostOrder(tree->rchild);printf("%c ", tree->data);}}//销毁结点递归free所有节点void DestroyTree(BinTree *tree) {if (*tree != NULL) {printf("free %c \n", (*tree)->data);if ((*tree)->lchild) {DestroyTree(&((*tree)->lchild));}if ((*tree)->rchild) {DestroyTree(&((*tree)->rchild));}free(*tree);*tree = NULL;}}// 查找元素为X的结点使⽤的是层次遍历BinNode *FindNode(BinTree tree, char x) {if (tree == NULL) {return NULL;}//队列BinNode *nodes[1000] = {};//队列头尾位置int front = 0, real = 0;//将根节点插⼊到队列尾nodes[real] = tree;real += 1;//若队列不为空则继续while (front != real) {//取出队列头结点输出数据BinNode *current = nodes[front];if (current->data == x) {return current;}front++;//若当前节点还有⼦(左/右)节点则将结点加⼊队列if (current->lchild != NULL) {nodes[real] = current->lchild;real++;}if (current->rchild != NULL) {nodes[real] = current->rchild;real++;}}return NULL;}//层次遍历// 查找元素为X的结点使⽤的是层次遍历void LevelOrder(BinTree tree) {if (tree == NULL) {return;}//队列BinNode *nodes[1000] = {};//队列头尾位置int front = 0, real = 0;//将根节点插⼊到队列尾nodes[real] = tree;real += 1;//若队列不为空则继续while (front != real) {//取出队列头结点输出数据BinNode *current = nodes[front];printf("%2c", current->data);front++;//若当前节点还有⼦(左/右)节点则将结点加⼊队列if (current->lchild != NULL) {nodes[real] = current->lchild;real++;}if (current->rchild != NULL) {nodes[real] = current->rchild;real++;}}}//查找x的左孩⼦BinNode *Lchild(BinTree tree, char x) {BinTree node = FindNode(tree, x);if (node != NULL) {return node->lchild;}return NULL;}//查找x的右孩⼦BinNode *Rchild(BinTree tree, char x) {BinTree node = FindNode(tree, x);if (node != NULL) {return node->rchild;}return NULL;}//求叶⼦结点数量int leafCount(BinTree *tree) {if (*tree == NULL)return 0;//若左右⼦树都为空则该节点为叶⼦,且后续不⽤接续递归了else if (!(*tree)->lchild && !(*tree)->rchild)return 1;else//若当前结点存在⼦树,则递归左右⼦树, 结果相加return leafCount(&((*tree)->lchild)) + leafCount(&((*tree)->rchild));}//求⾮叶⼦结点数量int NotLeafCount(BinTree *tree) {if (*tree == NULL)return 0;//若该结点左右⼦树均为空,则是叶⼦,且不⽤继续递归else if (!(*tree)->lchild && !(*tree)->rchild)return 0;else//若当前结点存在左右⼦树,则是⾮叶⼦结点(数量+1),在递归获取左右⼦树中的⾮叶⼦结点,结果相加 return NotLeafCount(&((*tree)->lchild)) + NotLeafCount(&((*tree)->rchild)) + 1;}//求树的⾼度(深度)int DepthCount(BinTree *tree) {if (*tree == NULL)return 0;else{//当前节点不为空则深度+1 在加上⼦树的⾼度,int lc = DepthCount(&((*tree)->lchild)) + 1;int rc = DepthCount(&((*tree)->rchild)) + 1;return lc > rc?lc:rc;// 取两⼦树深度的最⼤值 }}//删除左⼦树void RemoveLeft(BinNode *node){if (!node)return;if (node->lchild)DestroyTree(&(node->lchild));node->lchild = NULL;}//删除右⼦树void RemoveRight(BinNode *node){if (!node)return;if (node->rchild)DestroyTree(&(node->rchild));node->rchild = NULL;}int main() {BinTree tree;create(&tree);BinNode *node = Parent(tree, 'G');printf("G的⽗结点为%c\n",node->data);BinNode *node2 = Lchild(tree, 'D');printf("D的左孩⼦结点为%c\n",node2->data);BinNode *node3 = Rchild(tree, 'D');printf("D的右孩⼦结点为%c\n",node3->data);printf("先序遍历为:");PreOrder(tree);printf("\n");printf("中序遍历为:");InOrder(tree);printf("\n");printf("后序遍历为:");PostOrder(tree);printf("\n");printf("层次遍历为:");LevelOrder(tree);printf("\n");int a = leafCount(&tree);printf("叶⼦结点数为%d\n",a);int b = NotLeafCount(&tree);printf("⾮叶⼦结点数为%d\n",b);int c = DepthCount(&tree);printf("深度为%d\n",c);//查找F节点BinNode *node4 = FindNode(tree,'C');RemoveLeft(node4);printf("删除C的左孩⼦后遍历:");LevelOrder(tree);printf("\n");RemoveRight(node4);printf("删除C的右孩⼦后遍历:");LevelOrder(tree);printf("\n");//销毁树printf("销毁树 \n");DestroyTree(&tree);printf("销毁后后遍历:");LevelOrder(tree);printf("\n");printf("Hello, World!\n");return 0;}测试:测试数据为下列⼆叉树:运⾏程序复制粘贴下列内容:ABDGHECKFIJ特别感谢:iammomo。
