2008年华东师范大学外语学院812翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2008年考研英语二（MBA联考）真题试卷及答案Section I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.A rawB bleakC flexibleD fertile2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’s oil.A assumeB consumeC resumeD presume3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A sentimentalB sensibleC sensitiveD sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations.A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.A denyB objectC suspectD withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation.A mutualB optionalC neutralD parallel7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A superiorB rigorousC vitalD unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs.A rangeB fieldC scaleD area9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A translatedB transformedC transferredD transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood.A exceededB excelledC excludedD extended11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A.swollenB. increasedC. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. whereas13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ___about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren’t ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London.A. uponB. withC. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems.A. recognizesB. requiresC. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _--------____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States.A. enduranceB. emergenceC. existenceD. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned down Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27__of theOlympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively.The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city’s time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours.___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ”says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered”because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade”trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter globaltrades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ___.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___.A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ___.A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been floodedwith offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.”The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para2)is_____A. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____A. violenceB. floodC. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______A. idealisticB. impracticalC. effectiveD. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _____A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep LivingB. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.”He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her ownmoney.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______A. escape fund helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______A. suspiciousB. secureC. shrewdD. simple53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman.B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire.D. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiencyand productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Loc k at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection”(Line 1, Para.1) means________A. improving economic efficiency.B. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned”(Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction”because it________A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF”was an example to illustrate the point that_______A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any changewould play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。

西南政法大学2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目：809 翻译（150分）考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试卷上答题不给分。

试卷和答题纸同时交回，否则成绩无效。

Translate the following three passages in Chinese. (75%)Passage IIn the distance we could see half a dozen cars filled with other visitors. They had gathered in the circle at the bottom of a stream. We bumped over the rocks toward them. There in the long grass about twelve feet away two other lionesses and eight cubs were playing. This is the kind of scene that has made Nairobi Park famous. It is hard to believe that one can get so close.Both mothers were lying on their backs with their paws in the air. The cubs were pretending to fight them. The younger ones were not very clever at this game. They came stalking through the long grass with great interest. Then, just as they were about to pounce(猛扑), something would catch their attention. It might be another cub stealing up behind, or just a butterfly passing by on the breeze. They would prance on their hind legs, making wild swipes (猛击) in the air or tumbling over each other. Their heads seemed at times just a bit too heavy for them to handle. Often their weak legs got hopelessly out of control.Passage IIBritain is also a member of the European Union and therefore subject to European Community law which is having and increasing impact on the British legal system. In the early days of the European Union, which it was known as the European Economic matters. European law was mainly concerned with economic matters. Many laws were aimed at breaking down the trade barriers between countries and ensuring fair competition. Nowadays the European Union is also increasingly involved in legislating on the rights of citizens. Some European laws are now directly effective which means they can be involved by citizens directly in British courts without Parliament needing to pass new legislation.In addition, Britain is in the process of incorporating the European Convention of Human Rights into domestic law which will enable people to take human rights cases through the courts in Britain, rather than through the much longer process of theEuropean Court of Human Rights.Passage IIIGreat nations of the world are moving toward democracy through the door to freedom. Men and women of the world move toward free markets through the door to prosperity. The people of the world agitate for free expression and free thought through the door to the moral and intellectual satisfaction that only liberty allows.We know what works: Freedom works. We know what's right: Freedom is right. We know how to secure a more just and prosperous life for man on Earth: through free market, free speech, free elections, and exercise of free will unhampered by the state.For the first time in this century, for the first time in perhaps all history, man does not have to invent a system by which to live. We don't have to talk late into the night about which form of government is better. We don't have to wrest justice from the kings. We only have to summon it from within ourselves.Chinese to English (共75分)Part I Sentence TranslationPut the following into English (各3分，共15分)1．战争是民族与民族、国家和国家、阶级和阶级、政治集团和政治集团之间相互斗争的最高形式。

考研英语二08-12年翻译真题2008年1月MBA考试英语真题试卷The term "business model" first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, it components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? And with a few keystrokes, you could see how many changes would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.2009年1月MBA联考英语真题试卷With the nation?s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers? excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenues, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.2010考研英语二真题“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。

专八口试2008年英译汉答案第一篇：专八口试2008年英译汉答案2008年12月英译汉一位美籍教授在欢送外籍教师宴会上的祝酒词女士们，先生们，晚上好！我知道在这个热闹非凡的场合中很难吸引大家的注意，因此我的祝酒词尽量简短些。

我想借此机会，代表所有的外籍教师感谢南平大学的全体教职员工，特别是外事办的工作人员和不同系的同事们，感谢你们2007-2008学年在各方面对我们的帮助，使我们感到家的温暖。

我知道接待外籍教师并不容易，因为我们对于中国很陌生，所以不免为你们增添了许多麻烦。

不像中国的教师一样，刚来时我们需要定位，需要帮助。

于是你们为我们做着一切，从领着我们到小超市到帮我们调试电脑。

学期开始时，又会回答我们无数有关课程的问题以及我们对于这里的教育体制的适应情况。

而这些中国教师都不需要问。

当然，最重要的是，我们呆在中国时，你们还为我们做了许多其他的事情。

比如说和我们一起过假期，带我们去有趣的旅游景点以及向我们介绍中国的传统美食。

然而，到了学期末，我们中的许多人就会离开，你们不得不为接待下一轮的外籍教师重复同样的过程。

年复一年，你们不次劳苦周到地做着这些。

因此今晚，我们想对你们为我们所做的一切事情表示感谢，就比如说今晚这个美好的宴会。

同时还要感谢你们今年投资十万元升级我们的网络服务。

然而，我们还要特别感谢你们每天为我们的生活所做的大事小事，点点滴滴。

请允许我举杯，为南平大学及所有使这个地方工作和生活变得美好的人们，干杯！第二篇：2014年专八翻译及答案2014年英语专八考试汉译英部分真题（网友回忆版）当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。

我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。

可是，我也愿意升学。

我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。

只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。

入学，要交十圆的保证金。

这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。

ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ２００８．４!考试专栏!２００８年考研英语翻译试题讲评清华大学外语系教授许建平２００８年全国研究生入学统一考试的翻译试题是一篇关于达尔文自传的评述文，全文４６０个词，要求考生阅读文章后，将其中５个划线部分（总共１５８个词）译成汉语。

试题全文如下：ＰａｒｔＣＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｅｘｔｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｃｌｅａｒｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｎｈｉｓａｕｔｏｂｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，Ｄａｒｗｉｎｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｓｐｅａｋｓｏｆｈｉｓｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｐｏｗｅｒ，ｗｉｔｈｅｘｔｒａｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｍｏｄｅｓｔｙ．Ｈｅｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｔｔｈａｔｈｅａｌｗａｙｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｍｕｃｈｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｉｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｎｇｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｃｌｅａｒｌｙａｎｄｃｏｎｃｉｓｅｌｙ，ｂｕｔ（４６）ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｉｎｇａｄ－ｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｈｅｄｉｓｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｈｅｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆａｎｙｇｒｅａｔｑｕｉｃｋｎｅｓｓｏｆａｐｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｒｗｉｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄＨｕｘｌｅｙ．（４７）Ｈｅａｓｓｅｒｔｓ，ａｌｓｏ，ｔｈａｔｈｉｓｐｏｗｅｒｔｏｆｏｌｌｏｗａｌｏｎｇａｎｄｐｕｒｅｌｙａｂｓｔｒａｃｔｔｒａｉｎｏｆｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｗａｓｖｅｒｙｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ，ｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｒｅａｓｏｎｈｅｆｅｌｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ．Ｈｉｓｍｅｍｏｒｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔｈａｚｙ．Ｓｏｐｏｏｒｉｎｏｎｅｓｅｎｓｅｗａｓｉｔｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｆｅｗｄａｙｓａｓｉｎｇｌｅｄａｔｅｏｒａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．（４８）Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，ｈｅｄｉｄｎｏｔａｃｃｅｐｔａｓｗｅｌｌｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｃｈａｒｇｅｍａｄｅｂｙｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｃｒｉｔｉｃｓｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｉｌｅｈｅｗａｓａｇｏｏｄｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｒ，ｈｅｈａｄｎｏｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｉｓ，ｈｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ，ｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｔｒｕｅ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅ“ＯｒｉｇｉｎｏｆＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ”ｉｓｏｎｅｌｏｎｇａｒｇｕ－ｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｄ，ａｎｄｈａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｍａｎｙａｂｌｅｍｅｎ．Ｎｏｏｎｅ，ｈｅｓｕｂｍｉｔｓ，ｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｉｔｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇｓｏｍｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｈｅｗａｓｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｏａｓｓｅｒｔｔｈａｔ“Ｉｈａｖｅａｆａｉｒｓｈａｒｅｏｆｉｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｎｓｅｎｓｅｏｒｊｕｄｇｍｅｎｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｅｖｅｒｙｆａｉｒｌｙｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌａｗｙｅｒｏｒｄｏｃｔｏｒｍｕｓｔｈａｖｅ，ｂｕｔｎｏｔ，Ｉｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ，ｉｎａｎｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｄｅｇｒｅｅ．”（４９）Ｈｅａｄｄｓｈｕｍｂｌｙｔｈａｔｐｅｒｈａｐｓｈｅｗａｓ“ｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｒｕｎｏｆｍｅｎｉｎｎｏｔｉｃｉｎｇｔｈｉｎｇｓｗｈｉｃｈｅａｓｉｌｙｅｓｃａｐｅａｔ－ｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｉｎｏｂｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ．”Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｙｅａｒｏｆｈｉｓｌｉｆｅ，ｈｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｔｈａｔｉｎｔｗｏｏｒｔｈｒｅｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｓｈｉｓｍｉｎｄｈａｄｃｈａｎｇｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｅｄｉｎｇｔｗｅｎｔｙｏｒｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓ．Ｕｐｔｏｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｒｔｙｏｒｂｅｙｏｎｄｉｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｏｆｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｇａｖｅｈｉｍｇｒｅａｔｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅ．Ｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｈａｄｇｉｖｅｎｈｉｍｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ－ａｂｌｅ，ａｎｄｍｕｓｉｃｖｅｒｙｇｒｅａｔ，ｄｅｌｉｇｈｔ．Ｉｎ１８８１，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｈｅｓａｉｄ：“ＮｏｗｆｏｒｍａｎｙｙｅａｒｓＩｃａｎｎｏｔｅｎ－ｄｕｒｅｔｏｒｅａｄａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．Ｉｈａｖｅａｌｓｏａｌｍｏｓｔｌｏｓｔｍｙｔａｓｔｅｆｏｒｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｒｍｕｓｉｃ．（５０）Ｄａｒｗｉｎｗａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔａｓｔｅｓｗａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｌｏｓｓｏｆｈａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓ，ｂｕｔｍｉｇｈｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｂｅｉｎｊｕｒｉｏｕｓｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔ，ａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ．５６!考试专栏!评析：４６．这是一个带宾语从句的复合句，其框架结构如下：主句：Ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔ．．．他相信……宾语从句：ｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ正是这种困难可能具有优势／优点并列的介词短语修饰成分：（ｔｈｅａｄｖａｎ－ｔａｇｅ）ｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋ．．．ａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓ（ｏｆ）ｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓ．．．迫使他思考每一句话，从而使他能察觉错误（的这种优点）方式状语：ｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙ长时间专心地地点状语：ｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ在推理和他自己的观察中翻译这句话最棘手的是宾语从句中ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ的前后修饰成分。

第一部分翻译（共80分）一、改错1．ハイヒールの音がして女性があらわれた。

燃えるような金髪で、たしなみのいいスーツ。

三十前後、若さの美が消えかける寸前、かわって熟した果実の艷が全身をつつんでいる。

译文：这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。

30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕，全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。

【答案】这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。

30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，专属青春的美艳即将消失，取而代之的是全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。

【解析】译文将「若さの美が消えかける寸前」翻译为“正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕”是不够准确，「かける」接下动词的连用形后面确实可以表示动作的开始，但在这句话中应该表示的是动作的即将发生，即“将要消失”。

2．ガラスごしに中が見えたが、ポル卜ガル文化庁の役人らしい人が、退屈そうに新聞を読んでいた。

きちんと髮をなでつけ、窮屈そうな背広にネクタイ。

赴任してきて愕然としたのではあるまいか。

シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？译文：隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。

头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。

还不知道该如何向人们普及葡萄牙文化，他们喜欢巻起汗衫并用晾衣夹固定在肩上。

【答案】隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。

头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。

面对喜欢卷起汗衫并用晾衣架固定在肩上的人们，他们还不知道如何去普及葡萄牙文化。

【解析】译文对原文最后一句话的「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？」有误。

这句话的主语是「役人らしい人」，「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた」修饰「人々」的定语，而不是译文中翻译的那样修饰「役人らしい人」。

一、改错1．わたしたちが毎日使っていることばの中には、パン、ミルク、コッブなどのように、主に西洋の国々から入って来て、日本語になったことばがある。

こういうことばを外来語という。

外来語は、外国との行き来や貿易にともなって、その国の文物とともに入って来たものである。

译文：在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西欧各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【答案】在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西方各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【解析】译文中对「西洋」这一词的翻译不准确，根据历史常识可以得知，「西洋」既包括“欧洲各国”，还包括“美国”等。

因此，译文仅将其限定为“西欧”是不正确的。

2．禅海和尚には虚栄心がなかった。

高位の憎の陥りがちな弊であるが、人物から書画骨董にいたるまでの万般の鑑識眼を恃まれるので、あとで鑑識の誤まりを嗤われぬように、断定的なことを言うまいとする人がある。

もちろん禅僧風の独断を即座に下してみせるが、どちらにも意味のとれるような余地を残しておくのである。

禅海和尚はそうではなかった。

彼が見たまま感じたままを言っていることがよくわかった。

彼|は自分の単純な強い目に映る事物に、ことさら意味を求めたりすることはなかった。

意味はあってもよく、なくてもよい。

译文：禅海大和尚不慕虚荣，虽然在声誉高的方丈身上这是极易出现的通病。

一股人总是从交友到鉴赏书画古董，万般皆凭所谓的鉴识眼；所以生怕贻笑大方，从来不肯说句肯定的话。

纵然有时也带有禅僧的独断与顿悟，总还是要留有灵活解脱的余地来。

禅海却不这样，他是怎么想就怎么说，看事情全凭自己单纯的透视、解析，概不另求是否还有什么其它意义。

【答案】禅海和尚没有虚荣心。

27.C 解析：从⽂章 本题的答案信息来源在⽂章的第⼆段。

第⼆段说到，互联使接触到科学结果成为⼀个现实。

OECD刚刚发布⼀个报告，描写了其深远的影响。

这份报告使到⽬前为⽌赢得不菲利润的很多出版商争相阅读(the report make heavy reading for publishers)。

第三段说到核⼼科学出版市场利润巨⼤，第四段说到，这种情况正在改变，也是在线出版可能让他们利润下滑，所以让他们有些不安，故答案为C。

28.A 解析：从⽂章结构看，⽂章第⼀段重点地介绍了传统的出版⽅式，这种⽅式使科学⼯作者只有订购了该科学杂志才可以获得科学的结果。

⽂章第⼆段介绍⼀种新型的出版⽅式——络出版，使得科技⼈员容易获得科学结果。

第三段谈到科学的价值和投资回报取决于杂志的发⾏量和易获得性。

第四段具体介绍了这⼀新趋势的主要出版模式。

从⽂章的中⼼是关于⼀种新的出版⽅式，以及它给科学杂志出版带来的影响——可以更⽅便的获得科学结果。

中⼼词含有access，反应中⼼的是解，可以确定答案为A。

29.A 解析：从⽂中“there is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author to pay for the paper to be publish”可知答案为A。

30.B 解析：正于28题分析的，本⽂中⼼介绍了⼀种出版新的趋势——络出版。

B正是这⼀观点的⾼度概括，故答案为B. Passage three 31. A ⽂中“…listed at over seven feet. If he had ….The bodies.. changed dramatically over the years”可以看出此段主要讲述NBA球员⾝⾼的变化；另外，从⽂章中⼼来看，可以排出B，C，D。

因此选A 32. C 从第三段“but as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have increased in height by…..”可以看出⽣活⽔平对于⾝体成长起着⾮常重要的作⽤；另外，A，B，D选项所涉及的genetic modification ,natural environment 和daily exercise ⽂中并没有提到； 33. B 题⼲中提到“most probably..”，通过排出法，可以确定B为选项。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English对于一些假设，人们尽管承认其合理性却不敢提出来，“有些民族同其他民族相比天资聪颖”就是这样的假设之一，但Gregory Cochran准备将其提出。

他是个少见的人，独立工作，不属于任何研究机构，曾经使这样一种观点得到普及，即人们以前并不认为是由细菌引起的一些疾病，实际上也是传染病，而这一观点一经提出就引发了大量争论。

但即使是他这样的人，一想到自己将要做的事也可能会不寒而栗。

他同其他两位科学家一起发表了一篇文章，这篇文章中不仅提出有些民族比其他民族聪明，而且解释了产生这一现象的过程。

他们所讨论的是源于欧洲中部的一个特殊民族，这一过程就是自然选择。

这一民族通常在智商（IQ）测试中都会取得很好的成绩，比平均值100高出12-15分，而且他们对西方的学术和文化生活做出了贡献，其中的精英分子，包括闻名世界的科学家，用自己的事业证实了这一点。

另一方面，与多数人相比，他们更容易患有很多严重的遗传病，例如乳癌。

然而以前认为这些现象之间是没有关联的。

人们把前者归因于社会影响，如尊重教育的坚定传统，而后者被看作是遗传隔离的结果。

Cochran博士指出智商和疾病是紧密联系的，他认为这些民族非同寻常的历史使他们服从于进化的压力，而进化的压力导致了这一看似矛盾的事实。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1现代生活中，女性仍在很多方面努力超越男性，但她们似乎已经在一个领域位居前列，尽管这一领域并不令人满意。

纽约退伍军人管理医院的首席精神病专家Yehuda医生说：“同男性相比，女性在面临压力时更容易产生精神紊乱和焦虑不安。

”针对动物以及人类所做的研究表明，性荷尔蒙在一定程度上影响面临压力时所作出的反应，面临压力的女性与同样条件下的男性相比，会产生更多的突发化学物质。

在一些研究中，当研究人员将极度紧张的雌鼠卵巢（女性生殖器官）切除，雌鼠产生的化学反应与雄鼠相同。