(完整word版)非谓语动词在高考中的考点.docx
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高考中非谓语动词的特殊用法要点梳理[权威资料]高考中非谓语动词的特殊用法要点梳理众所周知,非谓语动词在英语高考中占据重要的地位,语篇型语法填空,短文改错和写作中都有非谓语动词的身影,掌握非谓语动词的用法对于我们在高考中得到高分至关重要。
考生如果可以掌握这些特殊的考点,那么在考试中就可以运用自如,达到事半功倍。
就我近十年对高考试题的研究,我发现了一些非谓语动词的特殊用法,现在做一个简要的概括,希望可以对高三参加高考的学生有一定的帮助。
1. 动词的ing形式和ed形式的区别作定语时,ing的意义通常为“令人/使人/让人……的”,它与所修饰的名词或者代词之间存在主动关系,表示正在进行的动作或者存在的状态;ed的意义通常为“……的”,它与所修饰的名词或者代词之间存在被动关系,表示动作已经完成。
例如:The book given by his father was lost.The wild flowers looked like a soft orangeblanket covering the desert.作状语和宾语的补足语时,ing表示主动关系,表达正在进行的动作或者存在的状态;ed表示被动关系或者表达已经完成的动作。
例如:Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.We often provide our children with toys,thinking that all children like these things.Don’t leave the water running while you brushyour teeth.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it explained often enough2. 动词不定时的特殊用法2.1不定时作定语不定时作定语时,如果它与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系时,既可以使用它的主动形式,也可以使用它的被动形式。
高考英语非谓语动词知识讲解一、概念非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
从这个定义来看,简单来说,非谓语动词就是不是谓语的动词。
这听起来像是废话,但是我们必须有明确什么是谓语动词,在前面,我们已经说清楚了。
句子只能有一个谓语动词,那么其余的动词都是非谓语动词。
谓语动词就好比皇帝,非谓语动词,就相当于他身边的奴才。
这么一说,我们就很好理解了。
一般来说,非谓语动词通常有以下三种形式:二、三种形式(一)动名词(doing)动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词(即非谓语动词)。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能充当状语。
从上面的定义中,我们可以很清楚知道动名词,顾名思义就是兼有动词和名词两种词性的作用。
在小学和中学的课程中,我们学习动名词做主语这个语法现象比较普遍。
大部分人也是从这个时候开始知道有动名词这个概念。
那么动名词究竟是动词,还是名词?前面已经说过,它是非谓语动词的一种形式,只不过他有动词和名词两种词性的作用。
故它是动词。
那么他竟然是动词自然有动词的性质,而且它可以充当名词有名词的作用,那么名词的作用,它也都有,它可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
也就是名词能干的事,它也能干。
(二)不定式(to do)动词不定式,为非谓语动词。
在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。
它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词性变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
根据国外和国内语法学家的研究,所谓不定式,其作用就是相当于情态动词加动词原形的形式。
为什么要这样说呢?因为他们都有相同的特征,以下:第一,原形can/may/could/would do sth.= to do sth.第二,都可表示不确定语气。
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种: 1.动词不定式:to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1). 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2). 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point(in)doing sth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
非谓语动词在高考取的考点及易错点一.非谓语动词试题的做题步骤1.看有无连词或从句,判断能否应当用非谓语动词;2.二看与逻辑主语的主被动关系;3.三看谓语动作与非谓语动作有无显然先后关系。
否认式:在以下各样非谓语动词形式以前直接加not过去分词done 被动达成Ving doing 主动进行being done 被动进行having done 主动达成having been done 被动达成不定式to do 主动未来to be done 被动未来to have done 主动达成to have been done 被动达成to be doing 主动进行过去分词相当于 adj 、adv做表语、宾补、定语、状语Ving相当于 n、adj 、adv做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语不定式相当于 n、adj 、 adv做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语1、作主语、宾语只用不定式和 ving1) doing表示常常性行为,表状态to do表示详细的动作,特别是未来的动作,表目的Watching TV is my hobby. ( 抽象、常常的动作 )To study abroad is my dream. ( 详细、要做的动作 )I like ______ ,but I don’t like______ today.(swim)____________ (admit)to a key university is of great importance to us students.2)ving可作动词和介词的宾语enjoy, consider, escape, avoid , stop, risk , miss, imagine,delay, postpone,require, finish,advise,suggest, practise,excuse ,mind , resist,quit,keep 等只用 ving 做宾语。
高中英语语法解析非谓语动词非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
2.分词作主语补足语难点形成原因:1.分不清什么是补足语。
2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。
3.遇到时容易和其他知识点混淆。
4.练得不多、用得不熟。
解决办法:1.通过练习强化。
2.多做题,通过做练习,慢慢渗透。
用法讲解:一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。
具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。
先了解宾语补足语,则很容易了解主语补足语。
宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。
有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。
句型:及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+ 宾语补足语(n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语共7种表示法)该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。
例如:A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。
A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语,所以称为宾语补足语。
二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语分词作主语(宾语)补足语时,若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系,则用现在分词表示主动;如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系,则用过去分词表示被动。
【⾼考英语必备】⾮谓语动词考点分析⾮谓语动词考点分析谓语动词包括:不定式;现在分词;过去分词;动名词。
⾮谓语动词可以作①主语②宾语③表语④定语⑤状语⑥宾语补⾜语1)不定式2)动名词3)现在分词4)过去分词done (同时,之前或之后,但只能表⽰被动含义)否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词⼀、⾮谓语动词作主语(不定式,动名词)(1)动名词作主语表⽰⼀般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表⽰具体的、⼀次性的或尚未做的动作。
As we all know, going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. To complete the program needs much effort.⼆、⾮谓语做宾语(不定式,动名词)1.下列动词或动词短语后⽤动名词做宾语:admit, acknowledge; deny; advocate; enjoy; finish; delay, postpone, put off; appreciate; avoid; consider(考虑); escape; oppose, object to; miss; imagine; mind; resist; risk; advise, suggest, recommend; understand; forgive, excuse, pardon; dislike; mention; keep; forbid, prohibit, ban; allow, permit; practice; fancy; emphasize; quit; include. prefer...to..., be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, stick to, get down to, devote...to..., look forward to, be proud of,, keep on, can’t stand, insist on, set about, be successful in, give up, burst out, prevent...from..., see to, feel like等。
非谓语动词高考考点全解非谓语动词是高考中的重要考点,仅在单项填空题中,少则一道,多则三四道,因此,们在高考备考中必须给予高度重视。
那么,在高考中究竟考非谓语动词的哪些方面,怎么考?归纳起不外乎以下几个方面。
一、考查非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式、现在分词或动名词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。
当不定式、现在分词或动名词与其逻辑主语若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。
如:(1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately____________in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD.so as to be receiving答案是C。
因为句子主语All these gifts与不定式receive 是被动关系,只有选项C是被动式。
(2)He glanced over at her , ___________that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted分析因为he 与note 是主谓关系,note并非发生在谓语动词glanced之前,用现在分词的一般式作状语,故选A。
(3)__________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC.Having been separatedD. To be separated分析答案是C。
非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词包括不定式,动名词和分词。
它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。
既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析复合句和长难句。
1.三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。
不定式主动被动一般形式(本身包含将去做To do To be done的含义)进行形式To be doing--------------完成形式To have done To have been done动词的 ING 形式主动被动一般形式(本身包含正在进Ving Being Ved行的含义)完成形式Having Ved Having been Ved●过去分词 done (无变化)●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never 放在非谓语动词的前面。
2.三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较功能主宾表定状补种类不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√考点一:非谓语作主语。
1.在很多情况下没有明显的不同 . Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.2.不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作,而动名词则表示通常的情况.eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. /Painting is an art.动词不定式(短语)作主语时,另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it 作形式主语,而将动词不定式(短语)移到谓语之后作真正主语。
用于这种形式是一些特定形容词,动词和名词1)形容词作表语 It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是:necessary,important,possible 等)It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. ( 常见的形容词是 clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel 等 )2)常见的动词有: require, cost, amuse, delight,annoy 等eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn ’t occur to me to ask him to help me.3)一些名词作表语eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way动名词做主语时常用的句型有:It is nice doing sth./It ’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It ’s a waste of time doing this./It’worths one ’ whiles doing sth./It’s no good(use) doing that.It ’s an awful job doing this. /It ’s f un doing this.There is/was no sense in doing/no point in doing1考点二:非作5+3P70-72充 :1.begin 和 start 在下列三种情况下 ,通常跟不定式 , 不跟名1)当 begin 和 start 的主是无生命之物 .eg: Snow began to melt.2)当 begin 和 start 用于行 .eg: He is beginning to study English.3)当 begin 和 start 后面跟着一些表示心理状的. eg: I began to believe his story.2.be afraid to do 不敢去做⋯⋯be afraid of doing 害怕生某事3.be sure to do 一定会⋯⋯be sure of doing 确信会⋯⋯eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(人的看法 ,Tom 一定会考通.)Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 自己通考很有把握.)考点三:非作表不定式、名、分做表:1. 不定式做表常表示所表示作之后生的作。
非谓语动词总结(高考完整版)一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)eg: The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)eg:The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)eg: She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
(2)动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)eg: Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
②被动式:being done(表示被动)eg: Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.弗雷迪和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)eg: I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)eg: Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点一.非谓语动词试题的做题步骤1.看有无连词或从句,判断是否应该用非谓语动词;2.二看与逻辑主语的主被动关系;3.三看谓语动作与非谓语动作有无明显先后关系。
否定式:在下列各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not过去分词done 被动完成Ving doing 主动进行being done 被动进行having done 主动完成having been done 被动完成不定式to do 主动未来to be done 被动未来to have done 主动完成to have been done 被动完成to be doing 主动进行过去分词相当于 adj 、adv做表语、宾补、定语、状语Ving相当于 n、adj 、adv做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语不定式相当于 n、adj 、 adv做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语1、作主语、宾语只用不定式和 ving1) doing表示经常性行为,表状态to do表示具体的动作,特别是将来的动作,表目的Watching TV is my hobby. ( 抽象、经常的动作 )To study abroad is my dream. ( 具体、要做的动作 )I like ______ ,but I don’t like______ today.(swim)____________ (admit)to a key university is of great importance to us students.2)ving可作动词和介词的宾语enjoy, consider, escape, avoid , stop, risk , miss, imagine,delay, postpone,require, finish,advise,suggest, practise,excuse ,mind , resist,quit,keep 等只用 ving 做宾语。
动词不定式一般作动词的宾语,但疑问词+ to do 可作介词的宾语;ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语3)作,两种构在意上有差很大,的有:remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try,等。
remember/ forget/ regret +doing表已生的作,remember/ forget/ regret + to do表作没有生。
mean doing意思是⋯⋯;意味着⋯⋯mean to do意欲,打算要做⋯⋯go on/stop to do停下来要做⋯⋯(另一件事)go on/stop doing停止正在做的作(同一件事)try doing着做⋯⋯try to do sth.尽力做⋯⋯can’thelp (to) do不能帮助做can’thelp doing情不自禁做2.做表1)与做主、相同Their job is building houses. ( 抽象、常的作 )Their work is to build another bridge across the river.(具体、要做的作 )2)ving 表示“令人⋯的” ,去分表示“感到⋯” .常的分有: amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing...The news is exciting.I was deeply moved.“get/become+去分” 构常用于如下情况:1)表示没有料到的、突然生的、或者不尽人意的作,如此。
2)果而非作本身;而“ be+去分” 构主要作本身。
“ get/become+去分” 构通常不出行的施者;而“ be+去分” 构情况而定。
If you are not careful enough ,you may get cheated.She is often seen tidying up the classroom (by students ) .3)“ get/become+去分” 构并非都构成被,当去分起形容作用,就构成了系表构。
此构后常伴有与固定搭配的介短。
Jack got annoyed ( with me ).Kate got acquainted with Bob.—How are the team playing?— They ’ re playing well, but one of them got ____ (hurt ). (NMET 2002 春季 )Sarah, hurry up .I ’ m afraid youcan’ t have time to get ________( change)before the party .(2004全国 )3.做定He is the first person to go to school.I have something to do. ( 自己做 )I have something to be done. ( 人做 )The question to be discussed tomorrow is important.The sleeping boy is my brother.The question being discussed now is important.The interesting boy is my brother.There is a swimming pool in the park.The question discussed yesterday is important.The boy interested in math is my brother.4.做He told me to come .I saw him come.We saw him coming.We saw him being scolded.We saw him moved by the movie. We saw him tied to the tree.We saw the policeman tie the thief. We saw the thief be tied.We saw the thief being tied .We saw the thief tied.5.做状。
主一定是句子主,不是的要加上自己的主,形成独立主格构。
Ving 、 ved 伴随状一般在句末;果状只在句末。
条件原因状一般在句首。
to do 目的状句首、句末。
果、方面、原因状只在句末。
二.非可能出的考点及易点:一) .使用非的言构。
1)在“句子, and/or/but+句子”的并列句构中,可能会考“以原形开”的祈使句,四个答案表面上象非,其考的是。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.(study)2)在“非句子,句子” 构中,非句子部分用非:______hard,you will succeed in the exam.(study)3. _________ (work ) with children, I know what is needed most.3)在“句子,非句子” 构中,非句子部分用非:4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ ( make)most of his students successful in study.4)在“ with ++ 足” 构中,足可能用非:5. With her baby _______(sleep) on her back, the womanwas cleaning the rich man’s house. 5)在 drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear⋯等使或感后面作足,也可能用非。
6.He made his sister ______(cry) by taking away her toy.7.His sister was made _______ (cry)by his taking away her toy.8. the policeman found the thief ______(put)his hand into an old man’ s pocket and arrested him.二).非考点易点:1)表面上考分,上考形容的情况:如:determined; lost; buried; worried等9.__________ ( tire ) , he fell asleep quickly.After his journey from abroad,Richard Johns returned home,________.(exhaust)10.The man won a big prize, __________(surprise)and happy.11. _______(lose) in thought of the problems, the man didn’ t realize his girlfriend’s coming in.2)在“被形式表主”情况中出:12.__________ (dress)in a white skirt, the girl looks like an angel.13._______ (seat)in an armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making alanding . (seat)3)在“主形式表被”的情况中出:14.________ (look)tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.15. With manyproblems ________ (remain)unsettled,the newly selected president will havea hard time.16.Having some clothes __________(wash), I cannot join you to see the film.17._________(write) smoothly, this kind of pen sells well in our school.4)从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题:逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致,有时逻辑主语不一致。