托福听力LECTURE学术词汇

社会科学：1.Economy and bussiness(经济与商业)(1)regulation）1（market pattern(市场形态)---self-sufficient economy自给自足的自然经济---a pure free market economy自由的市场经济（no government intervention/involvement没有政府的干预= 并列关系Free competition自由竞争---monopoly垄断---anti-trustlegislation反托拉斯立法-反垄断---transportation—railroad—oil---financial）---a central government controled/administrated economy计划经济---mixed economy混合经济（social regulation宏观调控---A. aim/purposea. to aviod monopoly宏观调控[make profits挣利润]b.to aviod fraud(经济上欺诈)c.to maintain the stability/saftyof the societyd.to aviod the manipulationfrom the stock holders,security holders and futureholders(股票，证券，期货的恶意操控)---financialmarket(微观调控)B.methoda.tax/taxationernment:spending/expenditure(支出) (2)demand and supply）1（valuation regulation价值规律---考点：relation, case study/analysis(案例研究，分析)---把握目的，位置决定目的（revaluation/appreciation升值；devaluation贬值）(3)marketing(营销) strategy(战略)）1（M & A=merge and accquisition兼并和重组---A.brand sense品牌理念=brand name+artificial meaning/concept/notation(品牌理念)√[case]B.mass media method大众传播手段---advertisement；commercial(特制电视商业有偿广告)；Interneta.logo(商标)b.spokepersonc.introduction(spokesperson---celebrity)d.slogan(标语)---concept(理念)C.contrast对比[cases]---10—记字头D.brand---loyalty品牌忠诚度a.attempt试用b.expansion of productsc.platform平台E.localization本土化（对于跨国公司，跨地公司）a.taste品位b.culture/belief信仰c.cunsumer-testing消费心理，消费习惯公司规模：Agency/firm---company---corporation,enterprise---JV=Joint Venture合资企业---MNC=Multinational Corporation跨国公司(4)business management---human resource(人力资源)[case---e-Person=executive-person高管]---CEO（首席执行官），CFO（首席财政官），CTO （首席技术官），COO（首席运营总监），CAO（游戏公司-首席娱乐总监）A.qualities.---各种执行官pany---success/failureC.theory理论2.Philosophy(哲学)听力中4位有名的哲学家：Socrates(苏格拉底), Plato(柏拉图), Aristotle(亚里士多德), John Dewey(约翰杜威)建树是不变的：(1)Socrates苏格拉底(被绞死)：---柏拉图的老师规律：谈到苏格拉底必谈柏拉图metaphysics(形而上学派)(2)Plato柏拉图《The Republic》理想国---柏拉图最著名的著作，其实是他和他老师苏格拉底共同的功绩：Academy：西方哲学史上，开创了第一家讲哲学思想的学堂：“学源”---1.教育Education---2.伦理道德Ethics(3)Aristotle亚里士多德：）1（他的哲学思想遍及领域之广无人能及方面：physics, natural science, politics, arts, poetics(诗学)）2（但大多数哲学思想在后来一一被推翻）3（是西方哲学思想的奠基人---积极评价）4（当晚年只研究一个领域---伦理道德Ethics---幸福happiness(4)John Dewey约翰杜威---pragmatics实用主义哲学---education教育（专门研究）（philosopher哲学家, thinker思想家, educator教育家））1（率先提出了教育应该全民教育(no social rank education)-无差别，无社会等级教育）2（理论联系实际(“put into practice” theory)）3（个人教育可以带动全民教育(individual education)3.Art History(难题，艺术历史)---所有艺术史文章的考点：该艺术时期的最大特点(hallmark)代表人物(person)代表作品(work)代表人物的第一人第一作(first)诞生的背景和后期给社会带来的影响(background+effect)鼎盛时期的发展情况(peak,summit Baroque巴洛克时期---Music,Fine Arts,Architecture---考点：emotional感性艺术,extreme ornamentation极端的装修装饰dissonance对称,中轴线（又臭又长）Music：(1)trill(颤音)/grace notes修饰音符(2)orchestra(管弦乐队)/symphony(交响乐队)(3)F(发)/B(西)---音名---semi-tone半音阶的使用(4)Opera(歌剧)---鼎盛时期(5)concerto(协奏曲)，sonata(奏鸣曲)Music代表人物：Monteverdi Claudio蒙特威尔第.克劳迪奥！！---歌剧之父，巴洛克音乐之父代表作：Orfeo/Orfio《奥菲欧》鼎盛时期：Technique-oriented纯技术导向的---只有技术没有艺术---以歌剧(Opera)为最Choir唱诗班/巴洛克前期的合唱团---唱merit(赞美歌)---早期用童男童女(纯洁)鼎盛时期比的是谁唱的大声唱的高(男的变声)---出现阉人歌手(eunuch performer/singer)后期分声部(V oices)—理性时期---tenor男高音baritone男中音soprnao男低音mezzo-soprnao女高音alto女中音，女低音Arts：鲁本斯(Robins)---是欧洲第一个巴洛克式的画家---代表作品：Bless Peace《祝福和平》---巴洛克美术之父鼎盛时期：先炫技：比颜色的艳丽(多)---color，线条的复杂性---line complexity 后炫画布(canvas)后期都回归理性Architecture：Appliance实用性—所以不存在过于“炫”特点：(1)huge pillar大型立柱(2)Floating sculpture浮雕(3)mural/fresco壁画Renaissance文艺复兴时期---理性艺术rational art----哲学中也考（内容一样）启蒙运动Enlightenment---相互影响，时间上启蒙运动先人性humanismb 达芬奇Da Vinci美德merit by nature艺术与科学art scienceImpressionism意象派---哲学中也考（乌托邦派utopianism/理想主义派idealism）只限于绘画和音乐---特点：utopianism乌托邦派/idealism理想主义派abstract抽象Imagination/illusion幻想No accompany无伴奏Vague coloration模糊色彩处理Romantics浪漫主义---偏文学---关键词：(1)elaboration修辞(2)Romantic≠love---会进行对比comparison…(3)Wordsworth的生平(life)---最鼎盛时期是早期作品的第一阶段---文章容易出题Work(代表作)-早期第一阶段-代表作不确定Drama戏剧---Neo-classics新古典主义Performance表演艺术Actor/actoress演员Theater舞台（装饰）---注意比较概念---容易出题Compared with Romantic和浪漫主义进行对比注意听：Difference；Advantages/Disvantages：strengh/weakness演员，舞台设计搭配之间的优劣点代表人物：Wordsworth华兹华斯Photorealism照片写实主义---Fine Art---VS---Impressionism---写实，关键，特点：(1)Detail细节(2)reflection:mirror/window镜像画代表人物：七类代表人物---听到新人就记4.History and Anthropology5.Mass Communication(大众传播)6.Political Science地球科学：1.地质地理题：山---Alps阿尔卑斯山Amdes安第斯山脉Rockies罗基山脉Applachians阿巴拉奇亚山Cascades卡斯卡达山脉St.Helens圣海伦斯山山的考法：(1)formation/age形成方式和年代的概念---注意数字(height,length,altitude,age)Range；mountain ranges山脉）1（collision of tectonic plates板块的挤压，碰撞（原因：Plate Tectonic板块构造说Continental Drifting大陆漂移学说Plate movementHotspot热力点 temperature---crust,mantle,core---在mantle---有lava/magama---导致Plate movment）2（during volcanic eruption/action火山爆发（原因：rock---cool downigneous rock火山岩(2)volcano---eruption/erupt考点：classification分类）1（eruption cycle喷发周期（三种火山：active volcano活火山Inactive/extinct volcane死火山Dormant volcane休眠火山=潜在的活火山）2（eruption intensity喷发强度（两种火山：shield volcano盾状火山---没事喷着玩由火山结构决定特点：形状像盾牌，喷发周期短，喷发强度小Composite volcano复式火山---很多层---导致火山的内部压强大(pressure)密度大(density)特点：喷发周期强，喷发强度大听的方法：听火上的类型(type)；听火上的位置(与山的关系---与哪个山相连)(location—other mountain)次生灾害(productive disasters)---火山灰(ash cloud/volcanic ash)地震(earthquake)山崩(landslide)------常说道：Cascade是雪山---终年低温常年积雪---雪崩(avalanche)泥石流(mudslide)杀生(kill creatures)听调查和调查者(survey&research reaults)听火山由静到动的过程(process)湖(Great Lakes)---五大湖---最大湖：Superior最西边----背的方法：SHMEO二大湖：Huron三大湖：Michigan---全部湖水面积都在美国本土第四湖：Erie第五湖：Ontraio最东边都属于：Freshwater lake淡水湖=Sweetwater lake最常考点：咸淡对比---湖水文章经常对比的出题---盐湖saltwater lake---Great Salt Lake位于Utah---容易对比对比方面：(1)date(2)structure---outlet出口—出盐分(3)climate---evaporation amount蒸发量(4)prehistoric lake史前湖---eg：Great Salt lake---Bonnevile Lake邦纳维尔湖海---考点：(1)oceanic volcanic island海洋火山岛---火山周围的海容易长atoll(环状珊瑚岛)---tropical热带，sub-tropical亚热带容易长常见：lagoon泻湖---海洋火山经过长时间的风化侵蚀没了，但是珊瑚还在，造成珊瑚岛周围的海水稳定高---适合mass spawn大规模产卵(2)oceanic current洋流---plankton浮游生物---洋流的交汇可以使得大量的浮游生物的营养物质翻转---特点：死后释放出毕生所吸收的所有海洋元素，供下一代浮游生物享用---靠喝水存活(吸收海水中nutrition)---冷暖流(cold current/warm current)结论：1.temperature gap---温度差horizontal movement2.density gap---密度差verticle movement(3)iceberg/glacier冰山，冰川---冰山顶：ice cap冰底：ice bottom冰层：ice layer/ice sheet）1（formation process形成（核心词：refrozen再冻---remelt再化的循环circulation---把Air---compress挤出(weight主要原因是重力) ）2（movement运动（核心词：velocity速度）3（condition条件（A.frozen snow冻雪B.conserved/permanent low temperature常年低温C.frozen snow→frequently→fern积雪=accumulated snow）4（enviroment/ecology环境和生态（关键方面：climate/landscape）矿石洞：石(rock)：igneous rock火成岩，火山岩（lava---cool down）Sedimentary rock沉积岩，水成岩（eroded by sea/water/ocean water）Metamorphic rock变质岩（stress压力/pressure压强/heat高温）矿(ore)---element(元素)：Oxygen氧气Nitrogen氮Silicon硅（注意读法）Carbon碳Aluminum（注意读法）Calcium钙（注意读法）Sodium钠Iron铁Potassium钾Magnesium镁Titanium钛Hydrogen氢Chloric氯Amino氨Methane甲烷Lead铅Oxide(氧化物)：Monoxide一氧化物Dioxide二氧化物Trioxide三氧化物Peroxide过氧化物洞(cave)---cave-man原始人(1)solution cave酸溶洞（weak/mild acid由中酸，弱酸溶解而成的）(2)sea cave（eroded by water经水侵蚀）(3)lava cave（after volcanic action火山运动之后）2.天文学(Astronomy)(1)9 planets---Mercury水星；Venus金星；Earth地球；Mars火星；Jupiter木星；Saturn土星；Uranus天王星；Neptune海王星；Pluto冥王星(2)solar system太阳系Earth-moon system地月系Galaxy星系(3)luminous/ring/aurora(4)Earth-shape形状/revolution转动生命科学：1.Fly苍蝇：特点：visual systm视觉系统(compound eye复眼)复眼结构(structure)：成千上万的晶状体小眼(ommatidium)构成了一个复眼，并且附着在复眼的表面上复眼特点(features)：时好时坏(1)在一定视觉范围内，复眼对于动态事物高度敏感，静态事物高度近视(2)不能分辨组合图形和立体事物---只能看到平面的2.Bat蝙蝠：特点：auditory system听觉系统器官(organ)：inner ear内耳；tympana中耳；auricle外耳；auditory canal听管；vibrating membrane/disc震动鼓膜、骨盘；eardrum耳膜器官特点(feature)：inner ear→pronunciation/different sound/signalTympana→passage只是声音的通道，预防内耳的病Auricle→collect waves收集声波,decoration装饰(mammal哺乳动物---才有外耳)Auditory canal→birds鸟类(长一个或者两个)Vibrating membrane/disc→蛙跳类动物---decoration装饰有的长在knee膝盖/gill腮→考点：只能辨别声音的存在不能辨别声音的含义，内容蝙蝠专有：Echolocation回声定位系统---利用ultarsound超声波3.defensive system防御系统---monarch butterfly黑脉精斑蝶(1)camouflage伪装Eg:monarch butterfly---特点：在太阳光的照射下，金斑变成惨绿色斑点，与绿叶颜色相同濒临灭绝原因---endangered insect：---等死）1（bump撞死）2（caterpillar---color,horizontal stripe有彩色，横条状---挑食---饿死starve）3（pollinator传粉者---只对着一朵花采，直到采死花为止---nectar花蜜，花粉---被花农毒死(爱恨交加---采的速度快)Disguise伪装：）1（environmental color环境色相一致---最常变绿色）2（location color位置颜色(2)mobbing围攻）1（group living=gregarious residence群居）2（small…没有固定说法---体积弱小）3（predator→prey(叫人)---turnover逆转predator←prey捕食者--被捕食者(3)warning color警告色Natural enemy’s color A黑→B白→C红---evolution进化---导致C遇到B时自然的变成了“黑色”---起到了防御的作用两种情况使得警告色失效：）1（时间长了知道了，聪明---不多见）2（B动物饿疯了(4)poison liquid/gas =毒液，毒气。

Lecture分类词汇完整版1.生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicsnail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs 未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasmalemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2.动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibiousanimal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite 食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫3.海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4.植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumblossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦5.气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorologicalstation气象站forecast/predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warmairmass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog / mist雾smog烟雾droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction风向long-rangeforecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图6.地质学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer /stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift/crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion 腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock变质岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age /period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided)conevolcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera（开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensityscale震烈度seismic wave地震波transversewave 横波longitudinalwave纵波epicenter震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物7.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画8.地理学hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperaturelatitudes温带地区tropics热带地区Arctic / the North Pole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference时差time zone 时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau/ highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island大陆岛volcanic island火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope 山坡continentalshelf大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal地热terrestrial magnetism地磁continental drift大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frostheaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系starcluster星团asterism星群solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman宇航员space suit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation自传revolution公转black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年10.环保相关ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制water pollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste废物solidwaste固体废物sewage/wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝11.能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energysource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoaland oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏offshore spillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Niño厄尔尼诺现象12.新技术发明相关13.人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先驱figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic经典的posthumous死后的14.发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrativeprose叙述性descriptiveprose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schoolsofliterature文学流派comparativeliterature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru击鼓foot beat跺脚note音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude政治经济序曲epilogue尾声subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run ona bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design 设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼designelement设计元素logstructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperson修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque 清真寺thestatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawingboard画板perspective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。

托福听力讲座经济学学科词汇想要更准确迅速地理解听力内容，我们需要掌握一些和学科相关的专业词汇，保持自己对此类英文词义和词音的灵敏度。

经济学是让很多同学感到头痛的一个学科类别，下面我们来看看托福听力讲座部分涉及到的高频经济学学科词汇。

托福听力讲座经济学学科词汇梳理经济学 Economics商业 Businessprosper[?pr?sp?]vi.繁荣The dotcom crash n.互联网泡沫out of business 歇业，破产.irrational adj.不理性的boom and bust 繁荣与萧条industry n.产业，工业native to 原产至hail from 来自于，出产于remote mountainous region n.偏远山区nomad [?n?um?d]n.游牧民merchant [?m?:t??nt]n.商人diplomat [?dipl?m?t]n.外交官tulip mania n.狂热gardening=horticulture n.园艺disposable income n.可支配收入luxury [?l?k??ri]n.奢侈品commodity [k??m?diti]n.商品specimen [?spes?m?n]n.样本variation [?ve?ri?ei??n]n.变种gold [g?uld]n.金子(区：goal目标)promissory note n.本票guarantee [?g?r?n?ti:]v.担保speculation [?spekju?lei??n]n.投机profit [?pr?fit]n.利润revenue =income n.收入cost [k?st]n. 成本borrowing [?b?r?ui?]n.借款mortgage [?m?:gid?]n./vt. 抵押auction [??:k??n]n./vt.拍卖bidder [?bid?]n.投标者Panic [?p?nik]n. 恐慌collapse[k??l?ps]n./vt.崩溃service[?s?:vis]n.服务product[?pr?d?kt]n.产品potential customer n.潜在客户托福听力对话题目：学生和经济学教授托福考试内容回忆：话题分类：student & economics professor内容回忆：教授一开始询问为什么作为一个三人group，只有女生一人来，女生会发其他两人的volleyball活动改了时间，今天赶不回来。

新托福IBT听力场景入学：en rollme nt登记,注册opening ceremony n开业典礼,仪式comme nceme nt ceremony 毕业典礼con vocation n正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orie ntatio n meet ing 开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuiti on, fee 费用pl aceme nt test 开学测试excellent出色的average平均的，一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓：uni versity- p reside nt 大学，校长cha ncellor名誉校长college 学院school学院dea n院长principal中学校长pro fessor教授associate pro fessor副教授assista nt pro fessor 助理教授coordi nator班主任，协调人coun selor辅导员advisor指导老师in structor 讲师tutor个人辅导sup ervisor 管理人un dergraduate 本科graduate研究生建筑物buildings: can tee n餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅adm ini strati on build ing 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 酉己楼teaching building 教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂,礼堂=lecture hall assembly n集合，集会hall com puter lab计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major主修mi nor畐J修scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学p hysics 物理chemistry化学biology生物学geogra phy 地理学electr onics 电子学compu ter scie nee计算机科学astro nomy天文学electr onics engin eeri ng 电子工程学bota ny植物学p sychology 心理学zoology动物学architecture 建筑学ocea nography 海洋学ecology生态学medical scie nee 医学archaeology 考古学history历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropo logy 人类学econo mics经济学statistics 统计学acco un ti ng 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compu Isory course 必修课selective/op ti onal course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座semi nar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程worksho p 专题课程级别In troductory 入门级eleme ntary, fun dame ntal 初级In termediate, sec on dary 中级Adva need 高级P rerequisite先修课程上课：Atte nd class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class 逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Atte nda nee 出勤Gradi ng system 打分体系Class p artic ip ati on 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideli ne 课程纲要major主修mi nor畐J 修exe mp tio n 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor ' s signat教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registrati on 晚注册Deregistrati on 注销教师称号pro fessor 教授lecturer = in structor 讲师teach ing assista nt = TA 助教research assista nt = RA助研coun selor, adviser 咨询者，顾问p reside nt大学校长teacher/faculty 教师stude nt's advisor 学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematicia n 数学家chemist化学家historia n历史学家statisticia n统计学家作业：assig nment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork =studies 作业lab rep ort实验报告book report读书报告p roject 作业p rese ntati on 发言term paper 学期论文（research pape）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal学术期刊social in vestigati on 社会调查survey调查questionnaire n调查表,问卷observatio n n 观察in terview vt .n.采访collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow dow n （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadl ine n最终期限exte nsion 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap） bibliography n 书目,参考书目refere nee 参考p lagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿sp eech n演讲p rese ntati on 演讲，陈述eye con tact目光接触inton ati on 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = fin als 期末考cumulative final总结性考试take-home exam （拿回家的开卷考试, 一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book答题本assessme nt i估价app raisal n评价,估价make up for 补考, resit, retake 重考grade （mark、score）分数成绩：p erfect grade优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分p ass ing grade 及格分faili ng grade不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全 A be all A's and B's 全是 A 和 B B plus B力卩A mi nus A 减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物p eriodical 期干刊magaz ine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulatio n desk 借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine过期罚金P eriodical reading room 期刊阅览室on li ne journal在线期干刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志curre nt issue近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品scie nce-ficti on 科幻小说cop ier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue 过期in terlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称in formatio n desk n.服务台delivery/circulati on desk 借书台shelf n.书架p hotoc opy room 复印室return area 还书处stude nts locker学生存储间refere nee secti on 参考书咅 E 科研过程Hypo thesisAlter native hypo thesis 择一假说Null hypothesis 无效假说,零假说Collect dataSurvey, questi onn aireExp erime ntIn terfere, i nflue neeObservati onAn alyze dataIn terpret dataAn alysisAn alyticalSubjectSamp le Treatme nt group Non-treatme ntCon trol group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of refere nce/recomme ndati onComp etitiveBen efit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification 资格，qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarsh ip Fellowshi pTeach ing assista ntsh ip 助教奖学金Research assista ntship研究奖学金Grant助学金Loa n贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Stude nt union 学生会Clubs俱乐部Membersh ip成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodati on n住处,膳宿reside nee hal I 宿舍suite套间studio工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子, 可以用做宿舍）lounge n公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊，过道，租房lease n租借,租约Ian dlord 房东Ian dlady女房东rent租金tenant房客p atio n.阳台，slid ing door n.推拉门sin gle room 单人房twin room双人房two-bedroom ap artme nt house key房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n床垫bla nket n 毯子towel n.手巾,毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric app lia nce(i nstrume nt; equipment)电器heater, furn ace力卩热器，炉子heati ng unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove炉子microwave ove n 微波炉washer / dryer洗衣机/烘干机 (laundry洗衣店)ute nsil器皿；用具kitche n ute nsil 炊具ove n烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机wash ing mach ine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffee pot咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer)冰箱vacuum clea ner 吸尘器tape p layer 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenance维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch沙发chest柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau)梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cup board (closet)碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curta in窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture (房屋)固定装置furni shi ngs 室内陈设日常生活/问题：personalpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongings个人财产get in sura nee forpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongsgarbage/rubbish/waste r垃圾dis pose v.处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leak in g/leakage n.泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n.滑坡Lan dslide n山体滑坡Mud 泥土，soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink V.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n.灌溉Freeze, froze, froze n v冷冻Melt V.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v倾斜Slo pe n斜坡Steep adj陡峭Erode v., erosi on n 腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dino saur n.恐龙Sedime nt, dep osit 沉淀物Marble大理石gran ite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v.提炼PI ati num v.铂金Seismology 地震学Vibrati on, tremor,震动Wave波动Volca no, volca nic 火山，火山的Volca nic erup tio n 火山喷发Mag ni tude 级数Collisi on n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dorma nt adj.休眠的Extinct adj.熄灭的Magma n岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erup t v.喷发expl ode v.爆炸(ex pl osi on) boom n爆炸Blast n爆炸Avala nche n 雪崩地球科学Earth'si nterior地球的内部Seismic waves 地震波Comp ressi on 压缩Shear ( a deformation of an object in which parallel planes rema in p arallel but are shifted in a direct ion p arallel to themselves) Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boun dary 边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continen tal plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate（地球表面的）构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack裂缝Molten lava融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic cha nges 气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar en ergy 太阳能Radiate发射，放射Crude app roximatio n 大概的猜测Sp eculation 猜测Cooling down 冷去卩Mecha nism 机制9 Len gth of the day Physical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库Latitude Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋转Min erals矿物质Diverse多样的Sp ecimen, Sam pie 样品Abu nda nt丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amaz on stones 天河石Firing vapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高P recise measuremen精确personal的测量Global Po siti oning System 全球定位系统Lon gitude 经度Latitude 维度Alter native sources of en ergy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap困住Flame火焰P ote ntial潜在的Model模式Geological fault 地质断层Crack裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带p ostulate 假设chu nk大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的ground tilt measureme nt 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj.沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业In sura nee 保险Note注意Con tract 合约Verbal agreeme nt 口头协议Repay偿还In terest 利息Mercha nt 商人Cautious谨慎的P aram ount极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label标签Conten tio n所持观点Inform告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and dema nd供求Supply chain 供应链Fluctuati on 浮动Recessi on 衰退Dep ressi on 萧条Market ing strategies 市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus 剩余Shi pment 运输Distribution 分布Retail零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, P lato and AristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fun dame ntal causes基本原因Prin ci pies of the uni verse 宇宙的原则Perceive看待，观察P erce pti on 观点Sense感觉Soul 灵魂spiritEleme nt组成成分Reas oning 推理Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemp lati on 沉思，思考Judgme nt 判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明，justification合理的理由Exp licit明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimate truth 终极真理Uni versal普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old-fashio ned 过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Con servative 保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cog nitive认知的Weaken削弱Dimi nish (影响力)减小Medieval中世纪Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Doctrine教义，主义，学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义Ep istemology n.认识论Meta physics形而上学,玄学Reco ncile和解,调停天文学astronomy con stellati on 星座zodiac (星象学的星座) planet行星sun恒星Jup iter 木星Pluto冥王星Satur n 土星Mercury 水星Mars火星Venus金星Nep tu ne海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and the first discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper北斗七星Asteroid belt小行星带Milky Way银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v.转Axis n.轴track n.轨道outer sp ace外太空gravity n.重力equator n 赤道tropical热带的bright ness n 亮度dime nsion n.维度dista nee n.距巨离Ecli pse (日月食) Wane, dimi nish v.逐渐变小Centrip etal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust inin terstellar space) Nebulous adj.星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) P article 微粒Polar light 极光Observatory 天文台Astro nomical 天文的Photos phere 光球层Astro physics天文物理学Plan etarium 天文馆Big Dipper北斗七星P la netoid小行星Black hole 黑洞Polestar北极星Celestial天体的P seudoscie nee 伪科学Celestial map 天体图Quasar类星体Cen trifugal force 离心力Radiation 辐射Cho ndrite球粒状陨石Revoluti on 旋转Chromos phere太阳的色球层Rotati on 旋转Clockwise顺时针Satellite 卫星Cluster星团，一群星星Sky atlas天体图Comet彗星Solar corona 日冕Cosmos 宇宙, Space debris太空垃圾cosmetic宇宙的Sp ace shuttle太空飞船Cosmology宇宙学Space suit太空服Emission排放物，发射Spin快速旋转Fai nt微弱的Star cluster星群，星团Feeble微弱的Stellar 星星的Gaseous bodies 气态包Sunspot太阳黑子Gravitational force 吸弓丨力Time differe nee 时差Gree nwich mea n time 格林尼治时间Time zone 时区High resolution 高清晰度etc.) Ignite引燃表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，「Illusive object 幻影物体Genre艺术分类Image影响，形象P erformi ng art 表演艺术Infinite无限的moder n dance p iece现代舞In frared ray红外射线concert音乐会In terferometer 干扰仪play 剧In tergalactic 星系间的opera歌居寸In ternatio nal date line国际日期变更线film电影Interplan etary 星球间的camera摄影In terstellar 星际的camera shotLea p year 闰年an alytical 分析的Light year 光年parallel平行的Luminosity 光亮度ballet巴雷舞Lunar阴历的，月亮的choreogra pher 舞蹈指导Massive巨大的Fin e/visual arts 视觉艺术Meteor流星Abstract art抽象艺术Meteor shower 流星雨Ian dsca pe 风景Meteorite 陨石p hotogra phy 摄影Meteoroid流星体exp osure 曝光Molten融化的develop film冲洗胶卷Naked eye 裸眼n egative n.底片p ortrait (p ortray v.)肖像,人像、still life 静物scu Ip ture 雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid an them 国歌Critic评论家Criticism批评，评论Review n.评论Master piece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic app eal 美学吸弓I力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Dist inct adj.与众不同的Un ique独一无二的Style风格Tech nique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Editi on n.专辑Release v.发行Debut n首映Imp ressi onist印象主义者Imp ressi onism 印象派Persp ective 透视法An gle角度P ress/Publish ing house出版社Acclaim v.盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产P reserve v.保存Ext inct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biogra phy 传记autobiogra phy 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist小说家collecti on of short stories 短篇小说集Allegory 寓言Comp arative literature 比较文学Diary 日记Editorial社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descri ptive p rose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism未来派Lege nd传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative p rose 叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义School of literature 文学派别Lead ing character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot情节Poetry诗歌P rologue 前言P roverb 谚语Surrealism超现实主义美术Art gallery 艺廊Calligraphy 书法Imitating 模仿Lan dsca pe pain ti ng 风景画Oil painting 油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料P igme ntatio n 颜料Canvas帆布Wax蜡Sp ectrum 光谱Pers pective透视画法Poster海报Portrait 肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawi ng 蜡笔画Sketch草图Autogra ph 手稿建筑Architecture 建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style 建筑风格Art deco装饰艺术Art moder neGeometric p atter ns 几何图形Arch拱门Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing 结构Lobby n.大厅(entrance hall)Elevator n.电梯Facade n.正面Stairs楼梯Interior内部的Exterior外部的Imp ressi oni stic style 印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Acco mpaniment 伴奏Audition试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music 古典音乐Con certo协奏曲Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harm ony和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Seren ade小夜曲Solo独奏Son ata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music民间音乐P relude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score乐谱Note音符Notation乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune旋律Con duct 指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr ?ml?:n] n.变号（一种古双簧乐器）Harp竖琴考古anthropo logist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropo logist生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropo logy 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源origi nate起源于an cestor 祖先hominid 人(科) homoge neous同一种族(种类)的tribe部落cla n氏族archeologist考古学家excavati on 挖掘excavate (un earth)挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹，废墟remai ns遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Po rcela in 瓷器fossil化石relic遗物，文物Rock pain ti ng 岩石画an tique古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull颅骨Cran iai颅骨的Sto ne Age石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Exhume挖掘P aleoa nthropo logyP rehistoric 史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Ami no acid氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological age ncyCalcium 钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒En zymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Ferme ntati on 发酵Fun gus菌类Gene基因Gen etic engin eeri ng 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immuno logy 免疫学In cubatio n 孵蛋Inflection 传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核On e-celled单细胞的Oxidation 氧化P arasitic ani mal 寄生动物P arasite disease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体P rotozoa原生动物San itatio n 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vacci ne 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral 珊瑚rode nt啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物ape 猿chi mpan zee n.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩mon key n.猴子mammal哺乳类动物dino saur n 恐龙bat (ecolotio n)蝙蝠(声波定位) sno wshoe hare 雪兔子racco on 浣熊po lar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部； rep tile爬行类动物snake, cobra 眼镜蛇,rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard 蜥蜴， sn ail蜗牛amp hibia n adj.两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n.青蛙tad pole 蝌蚪toad蟾蜍pond池塘puddle水坑insect n 昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grassh opper 蚱蜢honey bee mon arch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having dee p orange wings with black and white markin gs; the larvae feed on milkweed egg卵larvae 幼虫cater pillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n.白蚁marine adj.海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅p redator n.捕食者prey n.被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrim p 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab螃蟹bird, hum ming bird artery动脉scale鳞片claw爪,paw 爪子horn 角horm one荷尔蒙in testi ne 肠hive蜂巢p olle n n.花粉p olli nate v.授粉hiber nate 冬眠migrate v.迁徙com muni cate v.交流camouflage 保护色evolve进化evolutio n n.进化endotherm n温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n.冷血动物beak鸟嘴en zymes 酵母secreti on(n.) secrete(v.)分泌pan creas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragranee scent smell) gla nd腺体chromosome 染色体植物bota ny植物学bota nist植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带，冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel月桂chest nut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae( pl. alga)海藻orga nism有机物birch tree (bark)桦树crops谷物corn玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素ami no acids 氨基酸protein蛋白质n itroge n 氮p hotos yn thetic(adj.) p hotos yn thesis( n.) 光合作用liche n地衣，苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such a&UMP KIN s bean豆类植物n ectar花蜜flower 花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss苔藓herbicide除草剂herb草本植物herbivorous 食草的classificati on 分类hierarchy 级另hazardous有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (p redict)预报climate 气候atmos phere 大气层troposp here 对流层Convection 对流Stratos phere 同温层Barometer气压计curre nt (气)流vapor蒸汽eva po rate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb吸收dew露frost 霜fog (mist)雾smog烟雾drop let小水珠condense 浓缩crystal水晶体dow npo ur (torre ntial rain)大雨temp est (storm)暴风雨drizzle纟田雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard (sno wstorm)暴风雪avala nche (sno wslide) 雪崩precip itati on (雨、露、雪等)降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze微风Blast大风gale大风whiriwind 旋风Cyclo ne旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurrica ne 飓风Mon soon 季风San dstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴torn ado (twister, cycl one)龙卷风Tropi cal dep ressio n 热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cum uloni mbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastro phe)灾难devastati on 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v.淹没drought 干旱Avala nche 雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave 热浪Te pid adj.微温的环保en vir onmen tal p rotecti on 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的p reserve v 保护，保存污染：p ollute, p olluti on, p olluta nt con tam inant n 污染物con tam in ate v 污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学an tise ptic adj 防腐的atmos pheric p olluti on 大气污染垃圾：rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理:dis pose of, burn, bury (la ndfill), recycle, reduce, reuse, dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk cart on 牛奶盒,tyre, alu minium cans 铝罐, pl astic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway可丢弃的dis po sable 可丢弃的discourage v.不鼓励燃料non e-re newable不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料： n atural gas, coal, p etroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alter native en ergy 替代能源, replace=substitute v取代wind po wer, hydr opo wer 水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nu clear po wer 核能radioactivity n.辐射性use up, dep lete, exhaust v 用光，耗尽con serve v.节省，节约, 污染:water p olluti on, air p olluti on, soil pollution 土壤污染， no ise p olluti on soil erosi on 土壤侵蚀soil pollution 土壤污染stain n污染，污点，玷污stink V.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical有毒的化学物品fume n烟，气味light pollution 日光污染refuse废物sewage污水p esticide n 杀虫剂chemical waste 化学废料con gest v使充满危害动物： poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地， rare breed稀有物种， endangered specie濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), an imal rights activist动物权益保护者， n atural reserve(gia nt pan dot 熊猫)自然保护区，protect wild life保护野生动物，p reserve v保护disastrous灾难性的，devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on 对。

PART 1托福听力对话场景高频词汇校园设施类：dormitory 口.宿舍auditorium=lecture hall n.会堂，礼堂computer lab 计算实验室, 机房dining hall=canteen=refectory食堂；cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼enrollment 登记，注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼，仪式commencement ceremony毕业典礼convocation.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee费用placement test开学测试excellent出色的average平均的,一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的校园人员类：university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院graduate/grad school研究生院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生custodian管理人faculty教工，系receptionist前台接待员registrar课程注册员教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家学科类：学科major主修minor 副修science 理科,arts 文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required> compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座discussion讨论会seminar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop专题课程,讨论会级别Introductory入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite先修课程，必要前提上课：Attend class上课Miss class缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor's signa^U S e的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap 课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take 选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registration 晚注册作业类:assignment= homework = coursework = schoolwork 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper） thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期干刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表，问卷observation n. 观察interview v./n.采访，面试collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow down （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliography n 书目，参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试类:mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价，估价make up for 补考，resit=retake 重考grade=mark =$3区分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全A be all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B 力口A minus A 减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书reference letter/recommendation letter 推荐信，Certification 认证，qualification 资格， qualified 合格的Resume, CV financial aid 经济援助ScholarshipFellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant助学金Loan贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Student union学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Career service图书馆类:library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物periodical期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal在线期刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志current issue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk 借书台shelf 口.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker学生存储间reference section参考书部住宿类：宿舍：accommodation n.住处，膳宿residence hall 宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借，租约landlord房东landlady 女房东rent 租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment house key 房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n.床垫blanket 口.毯子towel 口.手巾，毛巾quilt n.棉被electric appliance（instrument; equipment）电器heater, furnace 力口热器,炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿;用具kitchen utensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机（hot-water） heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator （freezer）冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子;橱;箱子dresser （bureau）梳妆台cabinet （电视机等）机箱;储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings室内陈设personalpossessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance forpossessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter 煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n.泄漏lost key 丢钥匙break in闯入PART 2托福听力学术讲座高频词汇文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra （管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓 foot beat 跺脚note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像animator 漫画家人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/ （物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous心理学infant婴儿kid儿童teenager十三至十九岁的人young people年轻人adult 成年人old people/the aged/elderly people /senior citizens 老年人mature 成熟的majority多数人minority少数人conformity从众，一致individual个体，个人self-reliance 依靠自己,自立behaviour 行为，举止behaviorism 行为主义psychoanalysis.精神分析egocentric自我中心的;利己主义的mental心理的founder创始人Archimedes.阿基米德Plato柏拉图mental process思维过程thought 思想,想法cognition 认识cognitive capacity 认知能力motor 运动motivation动机;积极性;推动intention意图,目的intuitive直觉的hypotheses 假定，假说conscience道德心，良心virtuous善良的;有道德的curiosity好奇心patriarchal家长的/族长的internal内部的external外部的;表面的optimism乐观;乐观主义generous慷慨的，大方identity身份;同一性fame名声，名望spiritual心灵的soul灵魂;心灵physical身体的，物质的,物理的habit习惯muscle肌肉sign language手语，符号语音throat喉咙，嗓子larynx =voice box 喉头subjective 主观的objective 客观的positive/negative electrode正/负电极maze迷宫questionnaire问卷subject受实验对象obsession困扰deaf聋的blind 盲abnormal反常的distracted心烦意乱的amnesia健忘症，记忆缺失动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn （鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system 呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak （老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion 蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp （鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼植物学botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell （硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/ （玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate （starch）碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小、麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest（storm） / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图环境科学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes （有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission （汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Nino厄尔尼诺现象地质学crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration / decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limeston 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山（sloping） shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）（steep-sided） cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖叫uifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称为。

托福听力对话中常考词汇托福听力对话中常考词汇1.orientation meeting/session [.:rientein] 新生情况介绍会Ex: The University has arranged an orientation session.2.professor’s office hour 教授答疑时间Ex: Many freshmen are uncertain or shy about utilizing a professor’s office hours.3.lecture [lekt] n. 演讲，讲课Ex: Several hundred people are expected to attend the lecture.4.lecture hall n.讲堂，讲演厅，报告厅Ex: The lecture hall was jammed when the professor arrived at the very last moment.5.tutorial [tju:t:ril] n. 个别指导Ex: Small group tutorials are used to discuss problems which come up in lectures.6. deadline [dedlain] n. 最后期限，截止时间Ex: Theres no way I can meet that deadline.7. overdue [uvdju:] adj. 过期的.Ex: I must take these books back to the library - theyre overdue.There is a fine if the reserved library books are even one hour overdue.8. schedule [skedul]n. 时间表，计划v. 安排，计划Ex: According to the schedule, the first lecture begins at 9.00 amThe test is scheduled to begin in one hour.9. time slot [slt] 时间空档Ex: If you have two final exams scheduled at the same time,you will have to move one exam to another time slot10.signature [signit] n. 签字，签名Ex: Each child must obtain the signature of his or her parents11.thesis [θi:sis] n. 毕业论文Ex: a masters/doctoral thesis on the effects of global warming12.dissertation [.distein] n. 论文Ex: He wrote his dissertation on an obscure 16th-century poet.13.course [k:s] n. 课程Ex: compulsory/required/mandatory course; elective course, optional course;foundation course，introductory course，intermediate level course， advanced course 13.elective [ilektiv] n. 选修科目Ex: She took three electives last term.14. option [pn] n. 选修科目Ex: She is taking French as an option next year15.presentation [.prezentein] n. (国外学生在课堂上所做的)演讲Ex: The speaker gave an interesting presentation on urban transport.16. field work 野外考察实地考察Ex：Offered by most departments for academic credit, field work enables students to examine the way the theories and the practical experiences of a particular discipline interact.17. attendance [tendns] n. 出勤，上课Ex: Attendance at lectures is compulsory.18.skip/miss classes 缺课，旷课Ex: He skipped chemistry class three times last month19. tuition fees 学费 Ex: Many students will not have to pay tuition fees if their financial situation is below a certain level.20. course syllabus [silbs] 课程大纲Ex: Course syllabus lists the course objectives, required reading assignments, examination dates, and other course requirements such as attendance【托福听力对话中常考词汇】。

托福听力词汇量要求一、校园生活类。

1. assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]（名词）释义：任务，作业。

例句：The assignment for this week is to write a five page essay. 2. lecture [ˈlektʃə(r)]（名词）释义：讲座。

例句：I attended a very interesting lecture on modern art yesterday.3. professor [prəˈfesə(r)]（名词）释义：教授。

例句：The professor is very strict about the deadline of the paper.4. semester [sɪˈmestə(r)]（名词）释义：学期。

例句：This semester we have more courses than last semester.5. campus [ˈkæmpəs]（名词）释义：校园。

例句：The new library on the campus is very modern.6. dormitory [ˈdɔːmətri]（名词）释义：宿舍。

例句：He lives in the dormitory with three other students.7. register [ˈredʒɪstə(r)]（动词）释义：注册，登记。

例句：You need to register for the new course online.8. tuition [tjuˈɪʃn]（名词）释义：学费。

例句：The tuition has increased a lot this year.二、学术类。

1. biology [baɪˈɒlədʒi]（名词）释义：生物学。

例句：Biology is a very interesting subject that studies living organisms.2. chemistry [ˈkemɪstri]（名词）释义：化学。

CONVERSATION1. 课程相关事务场景♦D iscussion讨论, presentation 发言topic题目, lecture演讲slide滑过,幻灯片library图书馆, collection聚集,收藏品,check in 报到，记录check out借，结账离开librarian图书管理员♦R eport报道, office hour办公时间，师生互动时间, submit上交on disk在磁盘上hard copy纸质版, soft copy电子文件, print打印, computer lab电脑室♦P roject课题，理科生作业tons of大量, cover 包括，写过，报导re-write 重写, research data研究数据database数据库, input输入output输出, , complete完成♦T erm paper,期末论文grade成绩, complicated复杂的, terrible mistake严重的错误, edited version编辑过的版本, overtired过于劳累的, rushing against the clock争分夺秒, mark标记，成绩, draft草稿, print打印, final paper,期末论文maintaining average维持平均, application申请, drop放弃re-take再上一遍, extension延期, discuss讨论, check back查阅记录, re-reading重读, submission服从，提交（物），投降♦e xam schedule考试日程表, term术语,学期（mid-term期中考试）, date日期, book,预定department部门,系, invigilator监考人, sign up注册, sheet纸张,单bulletin board公告栏faculty lounge老师休息室, square广场, draft,草稿dean院系主任, review复习，评论, draw up起草, manually用手，手动的, consult商量，请教, register登记♦P hysiology 生理学, sophomore大二学生, junior student大三学生，senior student 大四学生，second year course大二课程, first year student一年级学生, transfer转学, begin my first lecture开始我的第一堂讲课, introduce介绍, approach接近,方法, laws of physics and chemistry物理和化学定理, process of life生命的过程, vital force生命力, philosophical approach哲学方法, scientific experimentation科学实验♦F inal exam期末考试, midterm期中考试, multiple choice question多选题, essay question问答题,论述题comprehensive exam综合题, subject科目, textbook教科书, class note课堂笔记the final will count for 50% of your grade期末成绩将占你总成绩的50%，research project研究科目, run into problems遭遇问题♦S chool bulletin board学校公告栏, required course 必修课，first year student一年级学生, third year student3年级学生, research paper研究论文, final format最终格式, hand in上交, assignment作业, final grade期末成绩♦different concept不同的观念, hand in上交, issue发出,发行,问题revision 修正，复习, proposed topics所推荐的题目make comment作出评论the most frequent problem很多频繁的问题, broad宽的, preliminary outline最初的纲要, schedule时间表, available可利用的, appointment约定, final outline 最终的大纲, no more than two pages long不超过2个页长，thesis statement 论文观点, precise statement明确的观点, conclusion结论♦W orkshop研讨会, intensive加强的, techniques and skills技术和技能, personal attention 个人的注意力, advantage优势♦C onsecutive summer接下来的夏季, community center社区中心, workshop 研讨会, beginning students初学生, advanced students高学生, last four weeks前四个星期, credit（学分,积分）is awarded给予学分, spring break 美国各大学的春季休息，春假♦D iscuss讨论, administer管理, attendance出席, optional class选修课2. 相关事务+专业讨论场景♦C ourse课程, summer session暑假课程, elective n.选修课程, bird course容易的课程, splendor光彩，显赫, lecture hall,演讲厅lab实验室, tough decision艰难的问题, pick选择,挖, choose选择, relaxed放松, advice劝告♦E nquiry询问, credit course学分课程, off-campus在校外, program课程, remote远程, access使用,进入, internet因特网, degree学位distance education远程教育, diploma毕业证书, requirement要求, format格式, printed materials打印材料, audio-tapes磁带, video视频, teleconferencing 电话对话的, deliver投递, cost花费, fixed date固定日期, history历史，历史学♦D rop降低,退（课）fail,不及格flunk不及格math 数学, rough粗糙的, test,试验med school医学院♦U se your advice使用你的建议, premed医学预科生, introductory course介绍课程, non-science major主修科学, be weak in在某一方面是弱项, do poorly in在某些方面较弱, meet at the same time遇见在同一时间, modern drama course现代戏剧课程♦S emester学期, enroll in登记, 注册graduate course研究生课程, qualified 有资格的, hard time keeping up有困难跟上, favorite interest喜欢的兴趣, challenging反对，挑战的，要求, easy grade 容易混学分的课程♦P ermission to register允许注册, take the prerequisite先决条件, the beginning course课程开始, catalog目录, instructor教员，指导书, previous experience以前的经验, formal training正式的培训, decision决定♦S ignature信号，签名, schedule card选课卡, advisor’s approval导师赞同, quite a heavy load相当沉重的负担, drop the course放弃课程, seminar讨论会♦S ign up for a noncredit course报名没有学分的课程, intermediate level中级的水平, regular meeting定期的会议♦T ransfer转学, bachelor’s degree学士学位, associate degree, selectives选择性的, letters of recommendation推荐信♦H ard course艰难的进程rehearsal练习，训练, extra time额外的时间, once a week一星期一次♦F light program飞行计划，license执照, excellent reputation极好的声望3. 迟到旷课场景♦f eel good感觉好, point out指出, chapter章，回textbook课本, divide分开, project课题, focus重点, due到期的show up显示出, transcribe抄写，email电子信函♦o versleep睡过头, talk about谈论关于♦l ecture series讲座系列, attend出席，照顾，致力于, admission允许,录取♦f ill me in something: to tell sb about recent events,esp because they havebeen away from a place♦e g. You’d better fill me in on what’s been happening.dentist牙科医生, emergency紧急情况，非常时刻, missed somebody’s lecture错过某人的演讲, note笔记，记录，注意, make sense能说的通sense of humor/achievement/responsibility幽默感/成就感/责任感4. 转学场景♦g rad school 研究生院，public university公立的大学, private university私人的大学, community college社区学院, reputation名声class size班级大小, personal attention个人注意力, individual attention特别, interact互相影响, group discussion讨论团体, tuition学费，讲授, expense消费，开支, cost 花费, afford提供, affordable负担的起, location位置, environment环境, large city大城市, small town小城镇, college town学院城镇, top student顶尖学生, application申请，应用, experience经历，经验, special特别的，专车，特刊5. 实验室场景♦L aboratory实验室, research procedure研究程序, lab assistant实验室助手, retrieve information恢复信息, track the course追踪进程, monitor班长，监控，监视器, track the progress跟踪进度♦L ab instructor实验室教员, lab experience实验室经验, setup计划，设置，机构, equipment设备, result结果，产生, grade成绩, lab notebook实验室手册, proper precautions预先措施, protective goggles护目镜, toxic effect of chemicals化学品有毒的影响, lab procedure实验室程序, heavy metal重金属♦W orkbook工作手册，练习本, material重要的，材料, experiment尝试, available可利用的，有效的6. 图书馆场景♦L ibrary图书馆, spread out伸展出去, focus焦点, jam拥挤，果酱, spot地点，认出，恰巧, crowd人群，拥挤, comfy舒服的，轻松的,comfirm证实，far away 遥远的♦f inish完成，结束, renew更新，重申,renew a book续借, library card图书馆卡, late最近的，晚的；晚, mixed up使混合, request请求, fine罚款, overdue 过期的, pay工资，付, process处理，过程, sign符号，签名, suspend推迟，使暂停, privilege优待borrowing privilege借书特权(延长借书的时间)♦L ibrarian图书管理员, facilities设备, reference room资料室, reference material参考资料, dictionary字典, bibliography参考书目, literature guide文学指南, telephone book电话本, periodical room期刊室, newspaper报纸, magazine杂志, academic journal学术期刊, current issue现期刊物, back issue过期发行物, card catalog卡片目录, listed by title通过标题列出, by author and by topic依据作家和题目, call number电话号码♦R eturn返回，报答, shelves架子,check out借, reserve book预定书籍, overnight use 只出借一夜（的书）♦s econdhand bookstore二手书的书店, inscription题词，刻印, front cover封面，机壳前盖, signature签名，信号, poetry book诗卷♦p aperback section平装部分, index索引搜索♦e xit gate大门出口reserve预订，储备, additional copy额外的副本, article 物品，文章7. 课堂内容讨论场景♦b ursary大学奖学金，财务办公室, department部门，系, financial aid财政的援助, monetary财政的, grant授予，同意, determine决定, committee委员会, donor捐赠者, apply for申请，请求, financially金融上, in need在需要, consider认为, out-of-town城外的, requirement要求, website网站, on-line 上线, official官方的，官员, document文件, in person亲自，外貌上♦S cholarship学问，奖学金, available可利用的，有效的, maintain维持, average平均的, mark标记, apply for申请，请求, applicant申请人, committee委员会, honor信用，荣誉, award奖品, candidate候选人, weight 重量, guarantee担保, grade point average (GPA)平均分数, percent百分比, website网站, address地址, rigorous严格的, extra-curricular课外, hardship 困苦, achievement成就，完成, letter of recommendation推荐信, fill满足，被充满, time consuming job耗时的工作, recommend推荐, eligibility合格，适任, enrollment入学，注册8. 论文场景♦O rganize组织, essay小论文topic题目, chosen选择，精选的, broad宽的, narrow it down沿着狭窄的, compare比较, focused专心的，聚焦, interested 感兴趣的, begin开始，首先, discussion讨论, opinion意见，主张, fact实际, support支持, check检查, statistics统计学, percentage百分率, include包括, words语言，字, rough draft草稿, break down打断, subtopic小标题, reference 引用，参考，证明, material题目，主题，一般规则♦R esearch paper研究论文, discuss讨论, theory理论，推测, work progress工作进度♦R eport报告, subject科目, catalog目录, published source已发布的资料, gather material收集材料♦I nformation信息, plagiarize抄袭, failing grade失败的成绩, gather收集, assimilate the information thoroughly彻底地吸收信息, paraphrase释义, capture the mian idea获得主意, quote directly直接地应用, finalize the research paper完成研究论文♦D raft草稿, clear up the problem澄清这一问题9. 实地考查场景♦L ist列表, supply供给, on site, kit装备，工具箱, notebook笔记本, axe斧, glove 手套, instrument工具, measure测量，程度，尺寸, clean使干净，打扫, cancel 取消, weather天气，露天的, clothes衣服, outside外部的，在…范围之外, food 食物, snack小吃, transportation运输, transport运输, dig挖♦T rip leader旅行领袖, participate参与，分享，分担, report报告, field trip野外旅行10. 体育运动场景♦S pring cycling season春天骑自行车的时节, regular hobby一般嗜好, physical fitness routine日常健身例行要做的事, bicyclist骑脚踏车的人, expert riders熟练的骑手♦E ndurance test忍耐力测验, recreational cyclists娱乐骑自行车的人, racers比赛者♦S ki patrol滑雪巡逻队, ski patroller滑雪巡逻员, safety安全♦P hysical education class 体育课, rock climbing攀登岩石, rope绳, belt地带, buckle扣住, safety equipment安全设备,游玩场景♦B reak休息，打破，突变, racket球拍, reserve a court预定一个球场♦R ock concert摇滚音乐会, vacation假期，搬出, weather天气，露天的，风化11. 打工场景♦S ummer break暑假, excellent opportunity极好的机会, practice练习, dilemma 困境, difficult decision困难的决定, plan计划, volunteer志愿者, NGO （nongovernmenal organization）民间组织, chance可能性，机会, share分享, interesting有趣的, spend花费, accept同意, program程序, interview面试, company公司, application申请, apply for申请, money钱, advice建议♦T ough艰苦的, stressed有压力的，紧张的, dread可怕的, cram for the exam 临时抱佛脚（为准备考试）part-time兼职, balance平衡, hit the book k书, energy活力, tired疲倦的, sconsolation安慰, get through到达，做完, fondness爱好♦A nnouncement通告, hire租金，工钱，出租, part-time assistant兼职助理, experience经历, daily每日的♦L aboratory assistant研究室助手, fill out an application填一张申请表, fit into my schedule（将某事）安排进我的时间表♦V ariety of job opportunities多样的工作机会, responsible for有责任的, volunteer志愿者, service服务，维修, postions are open空缺的职位, link of service维修环节, career training职业培训, demand physical endurance需要身体的忍耐力, receive no salary没有薪水收到, pay for living expense支付生活开销, housing and food allowance住房和伙食补助, additional information 额外的信息♦I nternship实习, career opportunities事业机会, working experience工作经历, short term experience简短的学期经验, permanent employment永久就业full-time专职的，全日制的, academic credit学分, supervise管理，指导，监督, hand out分发, career advisory service职业咨询服务, living expense生活开销♦R un奔跑，管理，经营, marathon马拉松赛跑, motivator动力, inspire鼓舞, positive积极的, sponsor保证人，赞助, tons of money许多钱,♦I ntroduce介绍, volunteer志愿者, salary薪水, ceremony典礼, alumni男校友12. 报到注册场景♦R egistration注册，登记，挂号, time时间, determine决定, first year student 一年级学生, mail邮件, designated date指定的日期, specific time特定的时间, admission letter 录取信（通知）, average平均, previous以前的, session会议，学期，开会, pay支付, credit card信用卡, bank银行，岸, teller讲述者，计票员, confirmation slip确认错误, in person亲自♦R egistration注册, date日期，约会, newly admitted student最近承认的学生, undergraduate大学生, junior晚辈，大三学生, sophomore大二年级生, returning student回归生, senior高级的，年长的, check检查, pay attention专心, time时间，定期的, register注册，记录，登记, designated time指定的时间, pay支付, fee小费, financial aid财政的援助, financial officer财政的公务员, sponsor保证人，赞助, authorization letter认可信, on-line上线13. 校园生活场景♦m eal ticket 饭票，student card 学生卡，cafeteria 自助餐厅，move迁居，移动, accent口音，pod豆荚, international group国际团体, major主要的，成年人，主修, lucky幸运的, excellent极好的, booklet小册子, regulation规则，管理, rule规则，统治, conductive传导的, self-policed自身的治安, problem难题, allow允许, smoke烟, cook煮, plug插头, dryer烘干机, voltage电压, alarm警报, kitchen厨房, leftover残余物, clean-up day打扫日, hot water热水, meter 公尺, washroom洗手间, laundry facility洗熨设备, basement地下室, conserving energy保存能力, lounge area休息室, heat高温，压力, air-conditioning空气调节, storage area仓库, permit允许, hallway门厅, community space社区空间, prior notification优先的告示, safe安全的，保险箱, valuable有价值的, housekeeper管家, vacuum cleaner吸尘器, lock锁, key 钥匙, fire prevention equipment炉火预防设备, arrange安排, in advance预先，提前, religious propaganda宗教的宣传, dorm宿舍, furnishing：an article of furniture for the interior of a building, park公园，停放♦R oommate室友, dormitory宿舍，住宅的, unpacking our things取出用品, neat 优雅的，平滑的，齐整的♦H ousing office住宿办公室, living off campus在校外住宿, cost花费, rent租金，出租，租借, utilities实用工具, need a car to commute用一辆车的交换, noisy 响声，嘈杂的, peace and quiet安静♦W inter break寒假, dean院长，系主任, vacation arrangement假期准备, fill up the forms填满表格, heating cost暖气费，temporary accommodation暂时的住处♦H ousing director住宿主管, checkout procedure借出手续, leave for vacation 动身去度假, return your key归还你的钥匙, maintenance crew 物业, residence advisor宿舍舍监, pass around大约经过♦A partment公寓, dump倾倒，倒垃圾, functional功能的, noisy响声，嘈杂的14. 医院场景♦D iagnose诊断, patient’s illness患者的疾病, painful痛苦的, technological advance先行的技术, blood and tissue sample血液和组织样本, diagnostic techniques诊断的技术, detect diseases发现疾病, X rays X射线, side effect 副作用, uncomfortable不安的, endure pain忍耐疼痛♦M edical clinic and infirmary医院, nursing staff护理人员, get sick生病, a really bad cold重感冒, develop terrible coughs发生很糟糕的咳嗽, pneumonia肺炎, stay in the infirmary呆在医院, don’t feel well身体不好, rest more and skip a few classes休息和翘一些课, have medical excuse 请病假, emergency number紧急号码♦M odern medical facility近代的医学设施, health needs健康需要, dental clinic 牙医诊所, maternity ward产科病房, operating room（外科）手术室, special sugery特殊手术, surgeons外科医生♦S tudent Health Services学生健康检查部门, blood pressure（生理）血压, university nutritionists大学营养学家, processed foods加工食品, universityhospital大学医院♦P ain疼痛, discharge排放, slight earache轻微的耳痛, take it easy放轻松♦P revention阻止, symptoms症状, cough咳嗽, fever发热, chill寒心, flu流感, influenza流行性感冒, overtired累过头的, stressed out压得，累得喘不过气, virus病毒, sneeze打喷嚏，喷嚏, airborne virus靠空气传播的病毒, body’s resistance 身体抵抗力, ward off the flu避开流感, immune system免疫系统, fight off illness击退疾病, immunized免疫的，使免疫, vaccine疫苗，疫苗的, university health center大学健康中心。

托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全新托福IBT听力场景词汇对话场景选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学 electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学 economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课 Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s sig nature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业、论文assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告 book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考 plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间） open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试 pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录 bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect data Survey, questionnaire ExperimentInterfere, influence ObservationAnalyze dataInterpret data AnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，Babysitter Work at the library Qualification资格, qualified合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship Fellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service入学enrollment 登记, 注册 opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼） orientation meeting开学说明会。

托福听力讲座英语词汇托福听力讲座英语词汇新托福听力是一般是两个部分，每个部分由一段对话和两个讲座，讲座涉及很多学术词汇。

为了帮助大家，店铺分享了一些托福听力词汇，欢迎阅读!cosmos(universe) [ˈkɒzmɒs]宇宙Infinite [ˈɪnfɪnɪt] 无限的Cosmic [‘kɔzmik] adj.宇宙的Cosmic radiation [ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən] 宇宙辐射Space [speis] n.太空Space debris [ˈdeɪbrɪˈdɛbrɪ] 太空垃圾Celestial body (heavenly body) 天体Solar system [ˈsəulə] [ˈsistəm] n.太阳系Constellation [ˌkɔnstəˈleiʃən] n.星座Galaxy (MilkyWay) [ˈgæləksɪ] n.星系Intergalactic [ˌɪntəgəˈlæktɪk] adj.星系间的Cluster [ˈklʌstə] n.星团Nebula [ˈnɛbjʊlə] n.星云Star [stɑ:] n.恒星Stellar [ˈstɛlə] adj.恒星的Interstellar [ˌɪntəˈstɛlə] adj.恒星间的.Interstellar matter [‘intə(:)’stelə-'mætə] n.恒星间物质Dwarf (dwarfstar) [dwɔːf] 矮星Black hole 黑洞Vocalization [,vəukəlaizʃən,-li'z-] n.发声Echolocation [ˌekəuləu'keiʃən] n.回声定位Acoustic [əˈku:stik]a.声学，听觉的Ground clutter [graund][ˈklʌtə] n.地面杂乱回波Acoustic spectrum [əˈku:stik] [ˈspektrəm] n.声谱High frequency sounds [hai] [ˈfri:kwənsi] [saundz] n.频率Sound waves [saund][ˈweivz]n.声波率Infrasound ['infrəsaund] n.次声Ultrasonic pulse [ðə,ði:] [ˌʌltrə'sɔnik][pʌlsiz] n.脉冲Ultrasound ['ʌltrəsaund]n.超声波.Vision [ˈviʒən]n.视力Reflection [riˈflekʃən]n.反射philosophy [fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n. 哲学;哲理;人生观Aristotle’s ethical theory [ˈæristɔtlz] [ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n. 伦理学Ancient Greek philosopher [ˈein ʃə nt] [gri:k] [fiˈl ɔ səfə]n.古希腊哲学家 Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]苏格拉底;Plato [ˈpleitəu]柏拉图;Aristotle [ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德ideology [ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪ]意识形态intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力,理解力;知识分子;思维逻辑领悟力;智力高的happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福fame [feim]n. 名声,名望external [ik'stə:nəl]adj. 外部的;表面的optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观;乐观主义。