大学英语A翻译题

大学英语三级A翻译专项强化真题试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．We admire him for his ambition to become a first-rate scholar in American Studies．A．我们很赞赏他雄心勃勃，要做一个美国问题研究方面的一流学者。

B．我们钦佩他有雄心想成为一个美国研究界的一流学者。

C．我们羡慕他要获取赴美学习一等奖学金的雄心。

D．我们鼓励他，要有雄心去美国一流学校学习。

正确答案：A解析：本题需要考生掌握admire...for...的意思可以理解为“羡慕”、“钦佩”和“赞美”。

在本题中．合适的翻译为“钦佩，赞赏”。

而American studies在这里应该理解为“美国问题研究”。

2．The standards and reputation of this organization are known around rite world，and l know what an achievement it is to be here．A．这个组织的地位和贡献众所周知，我也知道来这里能取得什么样的成绩。

B．这个组织地位和名声众所周知，我也知道它在这里取得的成就。

C．这个机构的高标准和声誉举世闻名，我知道能在这里工作就是一大成就。

D．这个机构的高标准和声誉举世闻名，我知道它在这里取得了很大成就。

正确答案：C解析：本题考查的重点是对原文I know what an achievement it is to be here的理解，实际上这句相当于I know it is an achievement to be here。

3．Many economists believe that advertising helps increase competition，which leads to lower prices，thus benefiting consumers and the economy as a whole A．许多经济学家认为，广告增加了竞争的成本，使商品质量不断下降，这就使消费者的经济利益受到损害。

AA beast at bay 一只困兽A dingy gray in the sky 天空中的一抹暗灰 a fiery glance 咄咄逼人的眼光A green expanse of water 一片绿色的水域 a handful of trouble-makers 一小撮捣乱分子 a hermit’s cave 隐士住的山洞A high(high level)personage 一个地位很高的人 A humble origin 卑微的出身 a liberal arts college 文理学院 A lightning-charred tree 被雷电烧焦的一颗树 a man of action 实干家，说干就干的人 A mischievous boy 一个调皮的男孩 A nationwide campaign 一场全国性的运动 A padding sound of feet 轻轻的脚步声 A placid pastime 一种平静的消遣活动 A power payoff 权力上的回报 A savage attack 猛烈的攻击 A screen of leaves 树叶组成的屏障 A sense of belonging 一种归属感 a sense of superiority 一种优越感 A serious of intricate loops 一系列复杂的圈圈 A sharp feeling of panic 一阵强烈的恐惧感 a shower of stones 落石如雨A shudder of cold horror 因恐惧引起的颤抖 A slight annoyance 一丝不快 A sociable women 一个爱交际的女人 A spontaneous reaction 自然反应a squatter’s hut 临时占用或建造的简陋小屋 a storage jar 储物缸A strained voice 不自然的声音A thickly wooded ridge 布满茂密树林的山脊a tool for advancement 一种提升的工具，提高（自己）的方法A violent effort 竭尽全力A wild chance 难以想象的一线机会 A work incentive 对工作的刺激 a work of art 一件艺术品Accept an incredible coincidence 接受不可思议的巧合 After a fashion 一个狩猎狂 an air of destiny 决定未来的气势An all-pervasive sense of despair 普遍存在的绝望感 An impersonal letter 一份公文式的信 An incomprehensible book 一本难以看懂的书An insoluble dilemma 难以解决的两难境地 An oppressive atmosphere 使人压抑的气氛 An unselfish envy 真诚的羡慕 BBare necessities 最低生活必需品bargain basement 便宜货；廉价商品区 Black humor 黑色幽默 Black power 黑人权利 Black sheep 害群之马马 Break the tie 打破僵局 Built-in behaviors 天生行为 CCertain powerful quarters 某些权力阶层 Complimentary remarks 赞扬恭维的额话 Conduct a cross-examination 进行盘问 Confidential information 机密消息 conventions of society 社会旧习 Ddefy and challenge authority 向权威叫板和挑战 Deliciously tired 虽然累但心情十分舒畅的 Dense vegetation 浓密的植被 domino effect 多米诺骨牌效应 Downtrodden people 受压迫的人们 Eenter the work world 进入职场 establish one’s identity 确定个人身份 Give a demonstration 给一个演示 Give testimony 出庭作证 Hhale and hearty (美)健壮的，矍铄的 Hang this jury 使陪审团达成一致have excessive need for parental approval 凡事都得请父母做主heroic figures 英雄人物 High sea 公海High society 上流社会His death black eyes 他那毫无表情的黑眼睛 His hogshead of a chest 他那像酒桶一样的胸脯 His indisputable authority 他的无可争论的权威 Iin the latter half of the century 该世纪后半叶 Inarticulate people 不善表达的人intellectual pursuits 对知识的追求；学习与研究internalize religious faith, value and morals 逐步培养和建立自己的宗教信仰道德和价值观念J 、LJam the river 堵塞河流learn to choose one ’s wardrobe 学会选择着装learn to handle one ’s personal finances 学会管理个人财务List all the reasons 列出所有理由 literary criticism 文学批评 M\NMasters of this art 这种艺术大师 Miss the point 没有抓住要领 national character 民族性格neglected fortifications 年久失修的防御工程 O\P\QObscure the truth 使真相变得模糊 Offer the alibi 提供不在场证据Outspread branches of a tree 勉强凑活的 perishable goods 容易变质的商品 printing press 印刷（机）project our future roles as men or women 为我们将来如何扮演男人女人的角色做准备 Protruding boughs 伸出的树干Pull a real bright trick 耍一个聪明的花招question and rebel against old ideas 怀疑并反抗旧观念 R\S\Trealize one ’s strengths and weaknesses 认识自己的优缺点Recreate the scene 重现当时情景 Rude paths 崎岖的小路 Run the country 治理国家 Searching eyes 锐利的眼睛 Segregated schools 种族隔离的学校 Serve a jail term 在监狱服刑 Social status 社会地位 Tens muscles 紧绷的肌肉 The black market 黑市The dodges fi the fox 狐狸躲避猎人的伎俩The gloomy gray stone of the house 房子阴沉灰色的石头 The lean figure of a man 一个男人消瘦的身影 The lore of the fox hunt 猎狐的学问 the man of the hour 此刻的英雄人物 The mores of a culture 文化习俗The pent-up air 憋着的一口气The pointed stakes 削尖了的桩子 The recoil of the springing sapling 小树的反弹 The silence of a dead world 世界死一般的寂静 the source of quotation 引文出处 The virtue of humility 谦逊的美德the virtues of reading 阅读的益处（好处） Through his whole being 传遍他的全身 tottering drunks 摇摇晃晃的酒鬼 U\V\WUnbridled power 不受约束的权力 Uncanny power 异乎寻常的本领 war scare 对战争的恐慌With a businesslike air 一副公事公办的样子。

大学英语三级A级-翻译(三)(总分184,考试时间90分钟)一、句子翻译单项训练1. He has a large collection of books, many of which are written in English．A. 他大量收藏图书，很多是用英文写的。

B. 他收藏了大量的英文书籍。

C. 他有大量的藏书，其中许多是英文版的。

D. 他收藏了大量的图书，很多是用英文写的。

2. We do not necessarily grow wiser as we grow older．A. 当我们长大后，没必要变得更聪明了。

B. 随着我们年龄的增长，我们未必会变得更聪明。

C. 随着我们年龄的增长，我们不是必然会变得更聪明。

D. 当我们长大后，未必就会变得更加聪明。

3. He can't have been to your home．because he doesn't know your address．A. 他可能没去过你家，因为他不知道你的地址。

B. 他不可能去你家了，因为他不知道你的地址。

C. 他不会去你家的，因为不知道你的地址。

D. 他肯定没去你家，因为他不知道你的地址。

4. The learned think themselves superior to **mon herd．A. 有学问的人认为他们比普通群众高明。

B. 知识分子认为他们比普通人要好一些。

C. 学者认为他们自己是人类的主人。

D. 人们认为如果他们受教育就会比其他人好些。

5. We can not be too careful in performing operation．A. 我们做手术越仔细越好。

B. 我们做手术不能太仔细。

C. 我们手术试验达不到仔细的程度。

D. 我们做手术不得不很仔细。

6. Students other than those engaged in full-time study for at least two years will not be allowed to take the College English Test Band 4．A. 若不是从事两年以上大学学习的学生是不可以参加大学英语四级考试的。

A. Translate the following into English.1. 你认为一个人要做些什么才能成为一个幸福的人？(to be a happy person)→What do you think one can do to be a happy person?2. 自从她去年离开上海去重新过她的乡村生活后，我的心里一直很失落。

(a void finds its way into…)→Since she left Shanghai and resumed her country life last year, a void has found its way int o my heart.3. 我甚至没想过他会中头奖。

(cross one's mind)→It didn't even cross my mind that he would win the first prize.4. 我是在大城市长大的，激烈的竞争（rat race）对我不再新鲜了。

(grow up)→I grew up in a big city, so the rat race is no longer new to me.B. Translate the following into Chinese.1. Slowly, a dark void found its way into my heart and began to eat away at my happiness→慢慢地，我心里产生了一种阴暗的空虚感，它开始吞噬我的幸福。

2. My father wasn’t too keen on the idea of being back in the rat race, but I assured him tha t this time it would be nothing like that.→我父亲对回到那种你争我夺的生活不怎么感兴趣，但我向他保证，这一次绝对会有所不同。

理工学院2018—2019学年度第二学期期末考试《大学英语高级能力提升课程Ⅰ》试题卷号：A 完成时限：90分钟适用专业：非英语本科专业I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（共20分，每小题2分）1. Like enough it will rain.2. The lion is the king of animal.3. The teacher told us to set a high value on our time.4. Shakespeare was a great English dramatist and poet whose name was known all over the world.5. This is the paper mill that they set up in 1970.6. It is a mistake that they didn’t support us.7. We have to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.8. Much as I like it, I will not buy it.9. There is no rule without exceptions.10. He is as sly as a fox, who is up to no good.II. Translate the following sentences into English.（共20分，每小题2分）1. 全国人民都反对战争。

2. 你必须好好照顾病人。

3. 我昨天买的那本新英汉词典对于翻译有用处。

4. 会议将于明天下午在教室举行。

5. 不要因为困难而放弃。

6. 她兴奋得睡不着。

7. 明天不下雨，我们就去郊游。

8. 他唱着歌走进教室。

大学英语翻译题含答案1.Collaboration in study groups is a huge part of surviving Harvard’s tough academic load. 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用2.What’s great about Harvard and its surrounding area is that everything is so accessible. 哈佛及其周边地区值得称道之处是一切都相当便利3.I decided to visit both campuses before making my final decision, and to my surprise, fell in love with Harvard.我决定先实地考察一下这两所大学再做最后选择没想到的是我竟然喜欢上了哈佛4.I applied as a pre-med student but this semester has shown me that there are virtually limitless options to explore before declaring my major next year.我申请的是医学预科但一个学期下来我发现在下一年确定专业之前我实际上有无数的方向可以选择5.Being at Harvard can be overwhelming, but there is no other place I’d rather be.虽然哈佛的学业压力会很大但我就是宁愿呆在这里6.One of the best things Harvard has to offer is its diversity.哈佛所提供给我们的最好的东西之一是它的多样性7.Nanjing, an ancient and beautiful city, has witnessed many great historic envent.南京这座古老而美丽的城市见证过许多重大的历史事件8.The new century will see a significant and far-reaching change in China.中国在新世纪将发生重大而深远的变化9.This village’s water and power supplies have been cut off because of the snowstorm. 由于暴风雪这个村子的水电供给都已经被切断10.Friends sadly watched him drive off, knowing it would be long before they could meet again.朋友们伤感地目送他开车离开清楚地知道下次见面应该是很久之后了11.Memories are always left behind, I reasoned, and what a precious thing good memories are to us.我寻思着有些记忆总是留存在脑海里美好的记忆对我们来说是多么珍贵12.Watching exciting soccer games is the best way to take my mind off all the problems in my work.观看激烈的足球比赛是让我忘却工作中一切烦恼的最佳途径13.It took the community workers a month to wipe off the graffiti, which used to be a notable sight of the city.社区工作人员花了一个月擦去那些曾经是城市印象的涂鸦14.She had a loose tooth and had managed to wiggle it out earlier in the day.她先前有颗牙松了那天早些时候把它拔了出来15.It seems like every time our family gets together something is left behind.似乎每次我们家庭聚会以后总会留下点什么东西16.That’s because there is one more besides memories left behind...and that is love. 那是因为除了留下的记忆以外还有一样东西保留下来了那就是爱17.There is no other personality in the academic world that has even half Einstein’s popularity.在学术界其他人的知名度连爱因斯坦的一半都不及18.There is no other misfortune that could be compared with the loss of time.没有一种不幸可与失去时间相比19.Nobody would love you more than your parents.没有谁比父母更爱你20.There is no friend as loyal as a good book.最忠实的朋友莫过于一本好书21.Nowhere else in the world can you find scenery as attractive as in Switzerland.在世界上其他任何地方你都找不到与瑞士一样迷人的风景22.No cassette tapes could rival CDs in terms of sound quality.CD的音质胜过任何盒式录音带23.There is a little known fact about the great man.关于这位伟人有一件鲜为人知的事情24.Music helped bring out the real genius in our Einstein.音乐有助于激发出爱因斯坦的真正天赋25.With every step along the way, it became clear that letting go of my mother was the only way I would be able to live my life.一路走来我开始明白唯一能让我开始自己人生的方式便是放下对母亲离去的那份伤感26. Most notably, I let go of the promise I had once made her that I would become a doctor. 最值得一提的是我放弃了曾经向母亲许下的要当医生的诺言27.Looking back, I＇m astonished that, while it seemed everything in our lives was changing, nothing had changed whatsoever.当我回想过去令我吃惊的是其实一切都没改变尽管看起来我们的生活样样在变28. He prompted us to remain grateful to God that we had ended up together.他提醒我们要对上帝感恩因为我们终于在一起了29. After five minutes of crying, arguing and finally compromising, I decided that I’d go inside if my mom came first thing in the morning.在哭闹了五分钟之后我最终妥协了心想如果明天妈妈一大早就来接我那我现在就进去30.Resultantly, the fans had to accept the rescheduling of the concert due to the weather.最终粉丝们不得不接受演唱会由于天气原因而改变31. Luckily, we could cook all these delicious courses by following the steps provided in the recipe book.幸运的是我们可以跟着这本食谱一步步来做这些美味佳肴32. More importantly, students understand that they should find a balance between their study and entertainment.更重要的是学生们明白了在学习和娱乐之间需要找到平衡点33. I burst into tears of pure joy when I learned that I was accepted to that University.当我得知我被那个大学录取的时候我喜极而泣34. Every single person here has the drive to learn and succeed.这里的每一个人都有学习和成功的动力35. Luckily, we are closest to the library, where you will find students at all hours studying. 幸运的是我们离这个图书馆最近你会发现那里的学生夜以继日地学习36. I need only look across my classroom to find inspiration.我只需要环顾教室就能找到动力37. I watched my grown children drive off into the distance.我看着长大的孩子们开车驶向远方38. When did they grow up and become parents of small children?他们什么时候长大了并为人父母39. It gave me something to do, after they left, to take my mind off missing them.它让我有事可做在他们离开之后让我免于对他们的思念40. To have a child is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body.有了孩子就永远注定你的心不会放在自己身上了41. Nowhere in the world could we find another academic that rivals the popularity of rock superstars.全世界都找不到另一个学者其知名度可以和摇滚巨星媲美42. Had he lived later, he could easily pass as the only male member of the Bond electric quartet.如果他能活在更晚的年代他将很容易被人们当作古典辣妹电子弦乐四重奏乐队的唯一男性成员43. He once confided that had he not been a scientist, he would have been a musician.他曾吐露如果他没有成为一名科学家那他可能会成为一名音乐家44. Einstein, with unclipped moustache and unkempt hair, did actually perform in solo concerts!胡子拉碴头发蓬乱的爱因斯坦的确在个人音乐会上演奏过45. The teachers thought it would be easier for Einstein’s parents to make him learn a trade. 老师们认为爱因斯坦的父母让他学一门手艺可能会更容易46. In addition to his prowess on the violin, he also played the piano and, in particular, loved to improvise.除了他在小提琴上表现出来的非凡才能他还弹钢琴尤其喜欢即兴演奏47. One friend confided that the way Einstein dealt with problems and equations was by improvising on the violin.一位朋友透露说爱因斯坦通过即兴演奏小提琴来处理问题和解方程48. Whenever he felt that he had come to the end of the road or into a difficult situation in his work, he would take refuge in music.工作时只要他觉得自己已无路可走或者处于困境他就会求助于音乐49. It would also be interesting to note that there are kinds of music that would also have the exact opposite effect on the brain..有趣的是你会发现有些音乐对大脑的作用完全相反50. I was now living with my dad, who, to that point, had remained absent from my life.我和父亲生活在了一起在那之前父亲并不曾存在于我的生活中51. Upon recognizing that our lives were about to take a 180-degree turn, my dad encouraged us to maintain as much normalcy as possible.爸爸意识到我们的生活将发生180度改变鼓励我们一定要尽力保持正常的生活状态52. Before moving on to a new chapter of my life, I wanted to understand the most ubiquitous and unfinished part of my childhood.在开启生活新篇章之前我希望弄明白童年中平凡而又不完美的部分53. Although the typical signs of grief were there, I didn’t know anyone well enough —and no one knew me well enough —to discharge some of the emotions I was hesitantly feeling.当时我表现出各种悲伤难过的典型症状但我还不够了解周围的任何人也没有人足够了解我所以一些莫名的忧伤无法倾吐54. As I heard this news, I was shockingly unaffected by the loss of the very woman who is often recognized as the most important person in people’s lives.得知这消息后令我震惊的是这个常被视为自己生命中最重要的人的离去没有对我产生任何影响55. And while there is value in leaving the past behind, it’s important that the past be dealt with in order for it to be understood.虽然释怀过往是有价值的但正视过去才能理解过去。

《全新版大学英语》（综合教程）第三册Text A课文翻译（Unit 1-8）第一单元生活方式的改变课文A在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。

许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。

很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。

或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。

但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。

多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活售姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的——写作与务农。

如今我同时做着这两件事。

作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。

在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。

这是一种自力更生的生活。

我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。

自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。

自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。

这也是一种令人满足的生活。

夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。

冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。

我们为落日的余辉而激动。

我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。

我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。

但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。

就在三个月前，气温降到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。

再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。

前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。

过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。

这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。

在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。

大学英语三级A级（英译汉）模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 4. Translation-English into ChinesePart IV Translation-English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part numbered 61 through 65 is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese．After each sentence of numbers 61 to 64，you will read three choices of suggested translation．Y1．Computer data bases and electronic mail systems have been around since the late 1970s．A．20世纪70年代后期以来，计算机数据库和电子邮件系统已广泛使用。

B．到20世纪70年代，计算机数据基础和电子邮递系统就已经存在了。

C．在20世纪70年代后期，计算机数据库和电子邮件已普及了。

正确答案：A解析：①本题的关键在于考生对be around的翻译。

be around意为“在周围，到处，四处”，根据句意可意译为“广泛使用”。

since the late 1970s为该句的时间状语，可译为“自20世纪70年代后期以来”。

比较三个答案，A项为最佳答案，可得2分。

②C项把since翻译为“在……”是错误的，还漏译了systems “系统”，只能得1分。

③B项中错误最明显：首先同样对since理解错误，时间状语被错译为“到20世纪70年代”，其中还漏译了late，另外data bases是指“数据库”而不是“数据基础”，因此不得分。

知识模块：英译汉2．Some 1．2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth．A．大约有120万个小公司相继出现了，超过了过去六年的经济增长。

U n i t 2 1 In our class, most discussions and activities take place in assignedsmall groups. These groups provide a supportive and safeenvironment that promotes(促进) learning.在我们班，大多数的讨论和活动都在指定的小组中进行。

这些团体提供支持和安全的环境，促进学习。

2 It is the development strategy of the company to accelerate itsoverseas expansion in order to take a slice of the world market.为了在世界市场上分一杯羹，加快海外扩张是公司的发展战略。

3 Nearly six million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, attactedby the mystery(神秘)of her you’re not looking at her,she seems to be smiling; when you look at her, she stops.每年有近六百万的人去看《蒙娜丽莎》，这是她微笑的神秘之处。

当你不看她的时候，她似乎在微笑;你看着她，她就停了下来。

4 To live with a family whose native language is English is the idealway to further improve one's English and to gain insight(了解)intoits culture.与母语是英语的一个家庭一起生活是最理想的方式进一步提高自己的英语和了解一起文化。

5 There is a real need to boost（提高）academic achievement in schoolsand help with the development of a student's overall character.确实有必要提高学校的学业成绩，帮助培养学生的整体素质。

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类翻译题库二[问答题]31.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer.Still, 9/11 and avian flu remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge—but desperately in need of wisdom.Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.参考答案：全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。

尽管如此，9·11、禽流感提醒我们，更小更快的世界绝不意味着其更安全。

我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，但是，迫切需要智慧。

现在，在(新闻采访的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。

【翻译要点】段中action和inaction原意为“行动”和“不行动”，直接译出句意晦涩，应进行词义引申，译成“人类所做的及没能做到的事情”；“but the very life of the planet”此句涉及“very”的一个特殊用法；这里“very”用于强调“life of the planet”，可使译为“星球本身的寿命”。

[问答题]32.nder the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the sdivictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently.The price which society pays for t he law, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is great, but the advantages ofthis law are also greater than its cost—for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its divain.But, whether the law be benign or not, we cannot evade it；or the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed We can not be sure: and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department.We accept and welcome, therefore.as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment；the concendivation of business, indusdivial and commercial, in the hands of a few；and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential to the future progress of the race.参考答案：在竞争的法则下，上万人的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的节约措施，其中节约给工人报酬的那部分占很大一部分。