2009年职称英语理工类新增文章

2009年职称英语理工类C级真题Migrant （移民的） WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted （限制） most （1） to local p eople, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, （2） increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsider s to improve local facilities （设施）. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers （3）the U.S.A. and Europe. It has also brought in workers from many other countries, （4） South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working （5） in the Middle East, it is not surprisi ng that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can （6） at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major （7）.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating （补偿的） advantage. For example, the （8）living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to （9） on each othe r for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of mone y partly because of the. （10） of entertainment （娱乐） facilities. The work is often comp lex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do （11） work in their home country,One major problem which （12） migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on （13）, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead w ith great confidence. This is to be （14） since no country welcomes a large number of forei gn workers as permanent residents. In any （15）, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.1 A acts B JODS C activities D uses2 A which B what C who D where3 A from B with C in D about4 A opposing B limiting C including D asking5 A payments B conditions C methods D hours6 A earn B borrow C offer D cost7 A advance B difficulty C event D attraction8 A necessary B possible C difficult D good9 A depend B look C base D go10 A range B lack C price D number11 A routine B causal C additional D interesting12 A invites B affects C needs D hates13 A investment B strike C contract D duty14 A suggested B reported C argued D expected15 A time B attempt C way D case【参考答案】1. C2. C3. A4. B5. D6. C7. B8. A9. D 10. C11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C。

2009年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类C级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I’d very much like to know what your aim in life is.A. thoughtB. ideaC. goalD. plan【答案】C【解析】句意：我很想知道你的人生目标是什么。

aim目标；目的。

goal目标。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

thought和idea都是“思想、想法”的意思。

2. The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A. in dangerB. in difficultyC. in despairD. out of control【答案】A【解析】句意：因为伤者生命垂危，所以警察迅速行动。

at stake在危险中；在紧要关头。

in danger在危险中。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

in difficulty处于困难之中。

indespair处于绝望之中。

out of control失控。

3. Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A. CertainlyB. ProbablyC. AlmostD. Absolutely【答案】C【解析】句意：几乎，所有动物都是通过有声或无声代码进行交流的。

practically这个副词从词形上看是从形容词practical衍生而来，它固然有“在实践中”的意思，但practically这个副词的另一种常用的意思是almost，表“几乎”的意思。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

certainly当然。

probably大概。

absolutely绝对地。

2009年职称英语考试理工类C级真题与答案word打包下载2009年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷英语理工类C级第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线．请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1I’d very much like to know what your aim in life is.A thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stakeA in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes．A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4 Mary rarely speaks to SusanA slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5 l’m working with a guy from LondonA teacherB studentC friendD man6 You’d better put these documents in a safe placeA darkB secureC guardedD banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA extensiveB continuousC instantD quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please call my husband as soon aa possible?A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete．breaks a recordA beatsB maintains第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2009年职称英语理工类A级真题完形填空阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

Earth's Inner CoreScientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet's center. Direct ob servation of its center is impossible, so researchers must （1） to other evidence.In 1889, a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan. Geophysicists conclud ed that shock waves （2） jolts （晃动） from one side of Earth through the center to the ot her side. Then in 1936, Danish geophysicist Inge Lehmann studied the waves' （3） to determi ne that within Earth's core of molten （熔化了的） iron lies a solid inner core － but （4）that core was made of eluded （难倒） her. Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehma nn's inner core was composed mostly （5） iron. Since then, Lehmann's discovery has （6） co nventional Earth science.But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical （7）. For ex ample, Earth's center could actually contain an "inner core within the inner core," claim Is hii and colleague Adam Dziewonski.Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave （8）, they maintain that the inner c ore has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere （球体）. This sphere "may be the oldest fossil （9） from the formation of Earth," says Dziewonski.Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly （10） Earth formed around 4.8 billion years ago, a giant asteroid （小行星） smashed into the young planet and nearly melted it. But Ear th's center didn't quite melt; it （11） mass as the planet cooled. The core within a core m ay be the kernel （核心） that endured. "Its presence could change our basic ideas about the （12） of the planet," Dziewonski says.Dziewonski's idea is tame （温和的） compared to the （13） theories of independent geop hysicist J. Marvin Herndon. Earth's inner core is made not of iron, he claims, but a （14）of nickel and silicon. Herndon has a truly revolutionary notion: Within the nickel silicide （硅化物） inner core is also an "inner" inner core － an 8 km-wide ball of the element uran ium. Uranium is radioactive. Herndon thinks the uranium releases heat energy as its atoms （1 5） fission-split and crash into one another in a chain reaction. In other words, we may liv e on top of a gigantic, "natural" nuclear power plant.1 A try B leave C turn D point2 A create B receive C feel D overcome3 A work B solution C job D patterns4 A whether B what C why D how5 A from B within C of D to6 A followed B dominated C restored D opposed7 A ideas B demands C phenomena D movements8 A things B acts C methods D records9 A taken B benefited C left D kept10 A after B before C since D when11 A expanded B modified C gained D melted12 A size B origin C structure D shape13 A radical B traditional C classical D conventional14 A system B copy C model D compound15 A charge B last C experience D show【参考答案】1. C2. A3. D4. B5. C6. B7. A8. D9. C 10. A11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C。

Putting Plants to Work Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts : They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. Ceils in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into1 sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unlessyou're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it. Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Mafia Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. 2, is working with green algae3. She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen4 instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel Cells in cars or to generate electricity, The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen. " Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an air free environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time. Working in an air free environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present. Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen. The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: "You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. " 词汇: panel n. 嵌板，发热板，仪器板 miniature adj. ⼝巧.微型的 carbon dioxide ⼆氧化碳 algae n. ⽔藻，海藻 starch n. 淀粉 sulfate n. 硫酸盐，硫酸酯 photosynthesis n. 光合作⽤ 注释: 1. convert.., into... : 将……转换为…… 2. Colo. : Colorado，(美国科罗拉多州)的缩写形式 3. Green algae: 绿藻 4.trick them into producing hydrogen: 想⽅设法使它们产⽣氢。

Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the 1 . But the　majority of Americans still cling to their right to 2 weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country 3 gun violence has destroyed　lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of　the 4 countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious　to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter 5 control　soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held 6 by the gun　lobby and the electoral system. The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun 7 in the US,　is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway. 8 the years; the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power,　not 9 ; they prefer power. According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted 10 nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many don't want to give up their arms they 11 to protect themselves. Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. "If one　professor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been able　to 12 all this." In his opinion, the massacre is an argument for more people to carry　weapons, not fewer. But at the root of Americans' clinging to the fight to bear arms is not just a fear of crime,　but a mistrust of 13 , commented UK's Guardian newspaper. One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed firearm, told the Guardian that　it was 14 American's responsibility to have a gun. "Each person," he said, "should not rely solely 15 the government for　protection." 词汇： mourn v.致哀 lobby n.院外活动集团 electoral adj.选举的 firearm n.⽕器 massacre n./v.* 练习： 1. A) ceremony B) funeral C) tears D) grief 2. A) make B) own C) destroy D) trade 3. A) while B) which C) where D) that 4. A) few B) some C) much D) little 5. A) rifle B) knife C) bullet D) gun 6. A) prisoner B) hostage C) person D) home 7. A) fire B) attacks C) rights D) violence 8. A) Over B) Since C) Till D) Until 9. A) both B) either C) each D) one 10. A) of B) off C) for D) out 11. A) hide B) buy C) sell D) keep 12. A) control B) stop C) handle D)treat 13. A) government B) guards C) students D) professors 14. A) many B) few C) every D) all 15. A) on B) in C) at D) from 答案与题解： 1.D “share the grief”是“同悲”。

2009年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容第二部分阅读判断（两篇）第十二篇Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365.Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. ‘We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,' said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete4 last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6all the way up the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta9, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.词汇：fault n. 断层interval n. 间隔tsunami n. 海啸magnitude n. 等级radiocarbon n. 放射性碳destruction n. 破坏，毁灭simulation n. 模拟unleash v. 放出，释放注释:1. the eastern Mediterranean: 地中海东部2. Alexandria: 阿里山大[埃及北部港市]3. AD: 公元后(AD是拉丁文Anno Domini首字母的所写)4. Crete: [希腊]克里特岛5. Greece: 希腊6. Sicily: [意大利]西西里岛7. Adriati: 亚得利亚海8. Dubrovnik: 杜布罗夫尼克[克罗地亚港市]9. Nile Delta: 尼鲁河三角洲[埃及]练习:1. The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists.A Right.B WrongC Not mentioned2. It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6, Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1．A文章的主题是，以往科学家忽视了地中海断层的存在。

Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.练习：A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.D Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dreammeans to you or reminds you of.F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.Baby TalkBabies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he is already “talking” with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. When ___1___ Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children. ___2___ When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old. ___3___ More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family, they were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to communicate before they could use spoken words.Some peopl e worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. ___4___ In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1.There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. ___5___ There’s no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!练习：A However, research does not show this.B All parents want to teach babies to sign.C Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited.D These babies started using signs about two months later.E It can be useful because many people understand it.F They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old.The Apgar TestThe baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. ___1___ He called for help1.These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. ___2___ Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is born. The Apgar test measur es things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. ___3___A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, she started treating patients2.Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. ___4___In the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question: How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. ___5___Today, the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.练习：A Doctors add the scores together for the total Apgar score.B She spent the rest of her life doing research and raising money to help newborn babies.C A score of 10 is uncommon.D The doctor was worried.E They decide if a baby is normal or needs special care.F Anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgeryIce Cream Taster Has Sweet JobJohn Harrison h as what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. ___1___ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buyin g Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream — a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___2___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. ___3___Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. ___4___ On these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States. ___5___ “It’s a very complex flavor,” Harrison says.练习：A However, you should never call it plain vanilla.B He even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.C Next he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.D This is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.E In his younger days, he would help out at the ice cream factory his uncle owned.F He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headqu arters in Oakland, California.Primer on SmellIn addition to bringing out1 the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us? Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. ___1___“Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.Even at a distance, odors can warn us of2 trouble — spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.With just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. Let’s say, for example, that the smell is purple petunias. ___2___ Now let’s imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. You wouldn’t need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. You would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor.Compared with3 animals, how well do people detect smelts?That depends on what you mean by “how well”. We are low on receptor cells ：current estimates say that humans have roughly five million smell-receptor cells, about as many as a mouse. ___3___Reed says that, across species, there is a relatively good correlation between the number of receptor cells and how strong the sense of smell is. “You can hardly find the olfactory bulb in a human brain ——it’s a pea-sized object. In a mouse, it’s a little bigger. It’s bean-sized in a rat, about the size of your little finger in a rabbit, and the size of your thumb in a bloodhound.”Does that mean that our sense of smell is not very acute?Not exactly. While we may not have the olfactory range of other creatures, the receptors we do have are as sensitive as those of any animal. ___4___ A trained “nose”, such as that of a professional in the perfume business, can name and distinguish about 10,000 odors. Reed says that a perfume expert can sniff a modem scent that has a hundred different odorants in it, go into the lab, and list the ingredients. “In a modest amount of time, he comes back with what to you or me would smell like a perfect imitation of that perfume. It’s amazing.”What happens to4 our sense of smell as we age?Many people continue to have good olfactory function as they get older. ___5___ Leopold says that smell is generally highest in childhood, stays the same from the teens through the 50s, and drops starting at about 60 for women and 65 for men. “The average 80-year-old is only able to smell things half as well as the average 20-year-old,” says Leopold.练习：A These flowers have a rich spiciness that no other petunia has.B Odors, or smells, can warn us about trouble.C That’s not the rule, however.D And smell tells us about people.E We can also think, and we make conscious (and successful) efforts to tell the difference between one smell and another.F A rat has some 10 million, a rabbit 20 million, and a bloodhound 100 million.。

职称英语理工类C级真题2009年(总分：280.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I'd very much like to know what your aim in life is；（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.goal √D.plan解析：[解析] 划线词意为“目标，目的；瞄准”，与C项(目标，努力的对象)意思相近，又如：With the goal set，the problem became how to achieve that goal．目标确定之后问题就是如何去实现这个目标。

A项意为“想法，观点；意向，意图”，如：Whydo you hideyourthoughtsfrom me?你为什么对我隐瞒你的想法?B项与A项为近义词，也有“想法，主意”的意思，如：The firm's directorsquicklyapprovedthenewidea．公司的董事们很快赞同了这个新想法。

D项意为“计划，打算”，例：Your plan sounds hne in theory，but will it work?你的计划在理论上听起来不错，但行得通吗?2.The policemen acted quickly because lives were {{U}}at stake{{/U}}（分数：1.00）A.in danger √B.in diffcultyC.in despairD.out of control解析：[解析] 划线部分为固定词组，意思是“在危急关头；成问题的”，属于介词短语形式，各选项中只有A项可表示此意，indanger表示“有……的危险，在危险之中”，如：The sick man is in danger of death．这位病人有死亡的危险。

B项意为“处于困境，在困难中”，如：When you are in difficulty，youmay ask for her help．你有困难时，可以找她帮忙。

第四部分阅读理解 (六篇) 第⼆篇 课外学习带来很⼤不同 让⼀群⼤学⽣去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点⼉冒险。

当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的⼉童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗⾥达⼤学⼀个22岁的学⽣Darren Heitner说⼤多学⽣不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。

他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

Yvornne Fangmeyer是威斯康星⼤学学⽣组织办公室主任，在⼆⽉组织了⼀次学⽣参加校园组织的调查。

她说增进友谊是⼤家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的⼤学那样规模很⼤的学校，有4万多学⽣，学⽣⾸先想要找到属于们的校园⼀⾓。

威斯康星⼤四的学⽣Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。

“我加⼊校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得⼩⼀些，这样不仅可以投⼊到校园⽣活中还可以交到很多朋友”。

这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学⽣不考虑他们的经历。

Heitner说：“我认为很多⼈加⼊校园组织来丰富经历，，刚上⼤学的时候，我加⼊了⼀些校园组织，希望培养⾃⼰的领导能⼒。

” 但是如果没有热情，学⽣很难经受风⾬考验。

例如，在四⽉份，威斯康星⼤学⼏个学⽣组织展开了⼀项活动，向学⽣讲述⽆家可归和贫困。

学⽣领导必须⾯对⼀些问题，⽐如解决争论，受⾬天影响⽽更改活动⽇期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。

Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很⼤不同。

” 第五篇 爱知⼤学的⽣活 我是⼭本美嘉，⼀个22岁的⽇本姑娘。

我想邀请您来爱知⼤学做客以便了解我们的⼤学⽣活。

我们学校和中国有着密切的联系，我们系也是⽇本独⼀⽆⼆的。

我们的课程包括汉语、当地中国政治和经济。

我喜欢中国⽂化，曾作为交换⽣在天津学习过。

在⽇本，我们的课程分为必修、选修和专修课。

虽然如此，我们选课还是蛮灵活的，选择范围也很⼴泛。

很多学⽣⽤三年的时间完成必修课，这样他们就有⼀年的时间不⽤上课。