语言学样题及答案

语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C2. 以下哪个选项属于语言的词汇变化？A. 词义的扩展B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D3. 语言学中，研究语言的生理基础的分支学科是：A. 语音学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 心理语言学答案：C4. 语言的语法结构中，句子的基本单位是：A. 词B. 短语C. 从句D. 句子答案：A5. 以下哪个选项不属于语言的交际功能？A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 娱乐消遣D. 记录历史答案：D6. 语言学中，研究语言在社会中如何使用和变化的分支学科是：A. 社会语言学B. 历史语言学C. 心理语言学D. 神经语言学答案：A7. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的物理属性B. 语言的社会属性C. 语言的意义和使用D. 语言的历史发展答案：C8. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音变化？A. 音位的变化B. 音节的变化C. 音素的变化D. 以上都是答案：D9. 语言学中，研究语言与思维关系的分支学科是：A. 心理语言学B. 社会语言学C. 神经语言学D. 认知语言学答案：D10. 以下哪个选项是语言的词汇创新？A. 新词的产生B. 旧词的消失C. 词义的演变D. 以上都是答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的音位变化通常包括音位的______、______和______。

答案：增加、减少、替换2. 语言的词汇变化可以通过______、______和______等方式实现。

答案：创造新词、借用外来词、词义演变3. 语言的语法结构中，______是构成句子的基本单位。

答案：词4. 语言的交际功能包括______、______和______等。

答案：表达思想、传递信息、表达情感5. 语言学中，______是研究语言的物理属性的分支学科。

答案：语音学6. 语言的语用学关注的是语言的______和______。

语言学试题及答案一、选择题1. 下面哪个选项中的词性与其他三个选项不同？a. 优雅b. 快乐c. 蓝天d. 报纸答案：d2. 下列四项中，哪一项是重复的？a. 雨水b. 火柴c. 空气d. 雪花答案：d3. 下列词语组合中，哪一项是错误的？a. 喜怒哀乐b. 留连忘返c. 心照不宣d. 肆意挥霍答案：c4. 下面哪个单词的读音与其他三个不同？a. 少年b. 操场c. 老师d. 足球答案：d二、填空题1. 中国的国旗由红色和五颗黄色的小____组成。

答案：星星2. 他用墨水和毛笔在纸上写了一首____。

答案：诗3. “一带一路”是中国提出的倡议，旨在促进国际____和____的发展。

答案：合作；交流4. 我们应该____帮助别人，不要只顾自己。

答案：无私地三、解答题1. 请简要解释“词义辨析”是什么，并举例说明。

答：词义辨析是指对多个在形式上相似但在义项上有差别的词语进行区分和辨析的过程。

这种辨析可以从词语的释义、上下文语境等方面进行。

例如，区分“优秀”和“杰出”这两个词语，可以通过它们的释义和用法来进行辨析。

我们可以说一个学生在学习方面表现优秀，而在体育方面表现杰出。

这样，通过了解这两个词语的不同义项和上下文语境，我们可以准确使用它们。

2. 请简要解释“歧义”是什么，并举例说明。

答：歧义是指一个词语、短语、句子等由于表达不清或具有多种理解方式而产生的模糊性。

在语言学中，歧义可能出现在词语的意义模糊、句子结构不明确等方面。

例如，“这个苹果真甜”，如果没有上下文，我们无法确定是指这个苹果很好吃，还是指对方很甜。

因此，在正式的语言交流中，我们要尽量避免歧义，保证信息的准确传达。

3. 请简要解释“同义词”和“反义词”的概念，并分别举例说明。

答：同义词是指在词义上相近或相同的词语。

它们在表达某个概念、感情或描述时，有着相似的意义。

例如，“美丽”和“漂亮”就是常见的同义词，它们在形容人或事物外表时意思相近。

I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of ____C___.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: ___B____.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless清音, labiodental唇齿音, fricative摩擦音C. voiced, bilabial双唇音, stop闭塞音D. voiced浊音, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) ___C____.A. derivational morpheme 派生词素B. free morpheme 自由词素C. inflectional morpheme 屈折词素D. free form 自由形态5. "I bought some roses" ____A___ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent with 不符合D. is synonymous with 与同义6. Y's utterance说话方式in the following conversation exchange violates 违犯冒犯the maxim of ___C_____.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, ____C___, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed外来词, added, lost or altered改变.A. phrases 短语B. sentencesC. morphemes 词素D. utterances 话语8. Predication analysis 预测分析is a way to analyze ___D__ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence9.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts言外行为whose point is to commit承诺the speaker to some future course of action are called __A __.A. commisives 承诺类B. directives 指令类C. expressives 表达类D. declaratives 宣告类18. The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any othername would smell as sweet’ well illustrates __A_.A. the conventional 传统性nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of language 普遍性D. the arbitrariness of language19. Of the following sound combinations，only ___A____ is permissible 可允许的according to thesequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk20. Syntax句法学is the study of___B_____。

英语语言学测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A single soundB. A unit of soundC. A letter of the alphabetD. A combination of sounds答案：B2. The study of language change over time is known as:A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. Historical LinguisticsD. Syntax答案：C3. Which of the following is a branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words?A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. MorphologyD. Syntax答案：A4. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is called:A. A wordB. A morphemeC. A syllableD. A phoneme答案：B5. The process of forming words by combining smaller units is known as:A. SyntaxB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Phonology答案：B6. The study of the rules governing the structure of sentences is called:A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Morphology答案：A7. The branch of linguistics that deals with the social context in which language is used is:A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. NeurolinguisticsD. Computational Linguistics答案：A8. The study of how language is processed in the brain is known as:A. PsycholinguisticsB. NeurolinguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Computational Linguistics答案：B9. The process of acquiring a first language is called:A. Second language acquisitionB. Foreign language learningC. Language learningD. First language acquisition答案：D10. The concept that language is arbitrary means that:A. It is randomB. It is meaninglessC. There is no necessary connection between the form of a word and its meaningD. It is always logical答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of speech sounds is called ____________.答案：Phonetics2. The branch of linguistics that examines how language is used in social contexts is ____________.答案：Sociolinguistics3. The smallest meaningful unit of language is known as the ____________.答案：Morpheme4. The process of combining morphemes to form words is known as ____________.答案：Morphology5. The study of the way language is structured and organized is called ____________.答案：Linguistics6. The branch of linguistics that deals with the rules governing the formation of words is ____________.答案：Morphology7. The study of the way meaning is conveyed in language is known as ____________.答案：Semantics8. The branch of linguistics that deals with the rules governing the formation of sentences is ____________.答案：Syntax9. The study of the way language is used in everyday life is called ____________.答案：Pragmatics10. The study of the way language is processed in the brain is known as ____________.答案：Neurolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between phonetics and phonology.答案：Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and theirproduction, while phonology is the study of the sound system of a language, including the rules governing the use of these sounds.2. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?答案：The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the language a person speaks influences the way they perceive the world and think.3. Describe the role of sociolinguistics in understanding language.答案：Sociolinguistics helps us understand how language varies with different social contexts, such as class, gender, ethnicity, and age, and how these variations influence language use.4. How does first language acquisition differ from second language acquisition?答案：First language acquisition is the process of learning a native language during early childhood, while second language acquisition is the process of learning a new language after the age of language development. The process of second language acquisition is influenced by the learner's first language and cognitive abilities.。

英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是语言学的主要分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 数学2. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分？A. 语音和语义B. 语形和语义C. 语形和语用D. 能指和所指3. 在语言学中，“深层结构”和“表层结构”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 乔姆斯基B. 索绪尔C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔4. 下列哪个术语是描述语言随时间变化的现象？A. 语言变异B. 语言演化C. 语言转换D. 语言借用5. 社会语言学研究的是语言与哪种因素之间的关系？A. 社会结构B. 文化传统C. 个人心理D. 经济发展6. 哪种语言现象是指在特定情境下，说话者选择不同语言或语言变体的能力？A. 语码转换B. 语码混用C. 语用学D. 语言礼貌7. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容？A. 言语行为B. 隐喻理解C. 语言礼貌D. 语言的生物学基础8. 什么是“双重否定”？A. 使用两个否定词来表达否定意义B. 使用两个否定词来表达肯定意义C. 使用一个否定词来表达否定意义D. 使用一个否定词来表达肯定意义9. 在语言学中，“同音词”是指什么？A. 意义相同但拼写不同的词B. 拼写相同但意义不同的词C. 发音相同但意义不同的词D. 发音和意义都相同的词10. 下列哪项是“语言接触”的一个例子？A. 语言的地理分布B. 语言的独立发展C. 语言的借用和融合D. 语言的孤立使用二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 语言学中的“_______”是指研究语言的结构特征，不涉及语言的社会功能。

答案：形式语言学12. 转换生成语法是由_______提出的，它强调语言的生成能力。

答案：诺姆·乔姆斯基13. “Hello”一词在不同的语境中可以有不同的功能，这属于_______的研究范畴。

答案：语用学14. 社会语言学中的“_______”是指语言随社会因素（如年龄、性别、社会阶层等）而变化的现象。

有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomething's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in differentregional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学研究的主要内容是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的演变C. 语言的规则D. 语言的规则和演变答案：D2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学答案：C3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词C. 句D. 语素答案：D4. 以下哪个选项是语言的交际功能？A. 表达思想B. 娱乐C. 教育D. 所有选项答案：D5. 语言学中，研究语言的物理属性的学科是？A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 计算语言学D. 语音学答案：D6. 语言的“能指”指的是什么？A. 语言的声音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的书写形式D. 语言的语法结构答案：A7. 以下哪项属于语言的内部因素？A. 社会环境B. 历史发展C. 语言使用者D. 语言规则答案：D8. 语言的“所指”指的是什么？A. 语言的声音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的书写形式D. 语言的语法结构答案：B9. 语言的“共时研究”和“历时研究”分别指的是什么？A. 同时期的语言研究和不同时期语言的变化研究B. 语言的内部结构研究和语言的外部影响研究C. 语言的规则研究和语言的演变研究D. 语言的语法研究和语言的词汇研究答案：A10. 语言的“方言”和“土语”有何区别？A. 方言是大范围的地域性语言，土语是小范围的地域性语言B. 方言是小范围的地域性语言，土语是大范围的地域性语言C. 方言和土语没有区别D. 方言是书面语言，土语是口头语言答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的四大分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学和______。

答案：语用学2. 语言的“词汇”是由一系列______组成的。

答案：词3. 语言的“句法”是指语言中词和词的组合规则。

答案：语法4. 语言的“语义”是指语言中的词和句子所表达的______。

答案：意义5. 语言学中，研究语言与社会的关系的学科是______。

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，它包括以下哪些分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语义学D. 所有选项答案：D2. 下列哪个术语不是语言学的分支？A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 神经语言学D. 化学语言学答案：D3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词素C. 词D. 句子答案：B4. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音属性？A. 音高B. 音长C. 音色D. 所有选项答案：D5. 语言的语法规则可以是：A. 显性的B. 隐性的C. 两者都是D. 两者都不是答案：C6. 以下哪种语言现象不属于语言变异？A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言接触D. 语言消亡答案：D7. 语言的演变通常被认为是：A. 随机的B. 有目的的C. 无意识的D. 有意识的答案：C8. 语言接触可能导致：A. 语言融合B. 语言分离C. 语言借用D. 所有选项答案：D9. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的语境B. 语言的功能C. 语言的意义D. 所有选项答案：D10. 以下哪个术语不属于语义学研究的范围？A. 语义场B. 语义角色C. 语义关系D. 音位学答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的______属性包括音高、音长和音色。

答案：语音2. 语言的______属性包括语法、词汇和语义。

答案：结构3. 语言的______属性涉及语言的社会和文化方面。

答案：社会4. 语言学中的______理论认为语言是一系列规则的集合。

答案：形式主义5. 语言的______是语言学研究的基础单位。

答案：句子6. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的变体。

答案：变异7. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域的变体。

答案：方言8. 语言的______是指语言在不同时间的演变。

答案：历史9. 语言的______是指语言在不同语境中的使用。

答案：语用10. 语言的______是指语言的抽象意义。

语言学重点试题及答案1. 什么是语言的双重性质？答案：语言的双重性质指的是语言既是社会现象，又是心理现象。

作为社会现象，语言是人们交流思想、情感的工具，是社会文化的重要组成部分；作为心理现象，语言是人类大脑活动的产物，是思维的载体。

2. 简述语音学与音系学的区别。

答案：语音学是研究人类语音的物理属性、生理机制和感知过程的学科；音系学则是研究语言中音位的系统和规律的学科。

语音学关注的是语音的自然属性，而音系学关注的是语音在特定语言系统中的功能和结构。

3. 请解释“词义”和“语义”的概念。

答案：词义是指词所表达的具体概念或意义；语义则是指语言符号所表达的意义，包括词汇意义、句法意义和语用意义等。

词义通常指单个词的意义，而语义则涉及整个句子或话语的意义。

4. 什么是语言的同源词？答案：同源词是指来自同一原始语源的词，它们在不同语言中保留了相似的词形和意义。

例如，英语中的“mother”和德语中的“Mutter”就是同源词。

5. 请解释“语用学”的概念。

答案：语用学是研究语言使用者在特定语境中如何使用语言进行交流的学科。

它关注的是语言的交际功能，包括言语行为、话语意义、语境分析等。

6. 什么是语言的方言？答案：方言是指在地理、社会或历史因素影响下形成的具有一定差异的语言变体。

方言通常与标准语或官方语言相对，它们在语音、词汇、语法等方面存在差异。

7. 简述语言的演变过程。

答案：语言的演变过程包括语音变化、词汇变化、语法变化等。

语音变化可能涉及音位的替换、合并或分化；词汇变化可能包括新词的产生、旧词的消亡或词义的演变；语法变化可能涉及句法结构的简化或复杂化。

8. 什么是语言的借词？答案：借词是指从一种语言借用到另一种语言的词汇。

借词通常是因为文化、经济或政治交流而产生的，它们可能在新语言中保留原有的发音和拼写，也可能发生适应性的变化。

9. 请解释“语言的谱系分类”。

答案：语言的谱系分类是根据语言之间的亲缘关系对语言进行分类的方法。