湖南省长沙市一中09-10学年高二下学期入学考试(英语)

长沙市第一中学2009～2010学年度第一学期第一次阶段性考试·试题卷第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What time is the plane going to take off?A. At 5:15.B. At 6:00.C. At 6:10.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. At Br own’s home.B. At the birthday party.C. In a shop.3. What will the man do?A. Stay here and have a rest.B. Look after the things while staying here.C. Go together with the woman.4. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Salesgirl and customer.B. Police and driver.C. Doctor and patient.5. Why didn’t the man see the doctor earlier?A. His injury kept him at home.B. He didn't think it necessary.C. He failed to make an appointment.第二节（共12题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

单元3 用途广泛的二氧化碳（1）
1.在实验室制取气体，确定发生装置时，需考虑的因素是 ( )
①反应物状态；②反应条件；③密度；④溶解性；⑤能否与水反应
A.①②
B.③④⑤
C.①②③④⑤
D.②③④
2.盛装石灰水的瓶子内壁有一层白色固体，这层白色固体是 （填化学式），你采用 可除去这层白膜。

写有关表达式(1) ；(2) 。

3.在化学学习中常遇到一些似是而非的问题；例：双氧水不是水，是过氧化氢。

你能模仿上例写出的另一个似是而非的实例是：
。

4.有如下三个反应表达式
高温
①CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑
加热
②H2CO3 H2O+CO2↑
③CaCO3+HCl CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
请通过分析叙述三个反应的共同点是 ，其中有一个与另外两个反应不同，请指出其中一个与另外两个反应的不同点是 。

5.实验室不能用稀硫酸代替稀盐酸与石灰石反应制取二氧化碳的原因： 。

初中学习网，资料共分享！我们负责传递知识！。

湖南省岳阳市第一中学2017－２018学年高二英语下学期开学考试(期末试题)试题（扫描版)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望（湖南省岳阳市第一中学2０17－2０18学年高二英语下学期开学考试(期末试题)试题（扫描版)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为湖南省岳阳市第一中学2０17-２018学年高二英语下学期开学考试(期末试题)试题（扫描版）的全部内容。

以上就是本文的全部内容，可以编辑修改。

高尔基说过:“书是人类进步的阶梯。

”我希望各位朋友能借助这个阶梯不断进步。

物质生活极大丰富，科学技术飞速发展,这一切逐渐改变了人们的学习和休闲的方式。

很多人已经不再如饥似渴地追逐一篇文档了,但只要你依然有着这样一份小小的坚持，你就会不断成长进步,当纷繁复杂的世界牵引着我们疲于向外追逐的时候，阅读一文或者做一道题却让我们静下心来，回归自我。

用学习来激活我们的想象力和思维,建立我们的信仰,从而保有我们纯粹的精神世界，抵御外部世界的袭扰。

The aｂovｅｉs tｈｅ whole contenｔ of this artｉｃle, Ｇorkｙ sａｉd: "the boｏｋ is thｅladｄeｒof hｕman pｒogress." I ｈopｅ you caｎmakｅ prｏgress wiｔh ｔhe ｈeｌp of thｉs ｌaｄder. Ｍatｅriaｌ lｉfe is extremeｌy rｉｃh, sｃiｅｎcｅａnｄｔecｈnｏlｏｇy aｒe dｅｖｅｌoping rapｉdｌy, ａll of wｈich gradually chaｎge the waｙof peｏｐlｅ's study and leisure. Ｍanｙ pｅｏple are no loｎgｅr eagｅr ｔo pｕｒｓue a documｅnｔ, bｕt as long aｓｙoｕ still havｅｓuch a small pｅｒｓistence, yｏu will continue ｔo groｗ aｎd pｒogｒess． When thｅcomplex world leａds us to chase out，ｒeading an aｒtｉclｅor doing a probｌem maｋes uｓ calm doｗn and reｔurｎto oｕrseｌves. Wiｔh le ａrnｉnｇ, wｅ caｎ actｉｖatｅ oｕｒ imａginatiｏn and thｉnking, ｅs ｔaｂliｓh ｏur beｌief，ｋｅeｐ our pure spｉrｉtuａl world and resi ｓt the attack of ｔhe ｅｘteｒnal wｏrｌd．。

长沙市第一中学2023—2024学年度高二第二学期第一次阶段性检测英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirtA. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是C。

1. What color dress will the woman probably wearA. Black.B. White.C. Yellow.2. What does Claire do nowA. A chemist.B. A graphic designer.C. An event planner.3. What are the speakers mainly talking aboutA. How well Mary can dance.B. Why Emily will be home late.C. What class Emily takes at school.4. What will the man do nextA. Have a dessert.B. Pay the check.C. Ask for a beer.5. Who has been to the science museumA. The man’s cousin.B. The woman.C. The woman’s friend.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

长沙市一中高二年级第二次阶段性测试卷（英语）PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (45 points)SECTION A (15 marks)21. A new manager will come to take ________________ charge of his company, which wasin ________ charge of Mr. Wang.A.the; theB. /; /C. the; /D. /; the22. ______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship.A.No matter whatB. No matter whichC. WhicheverD. Whatever23.The officials have indicated that a new building will be built in 2010 ________________ can seat another 1,000 students.A.whenB. what C・ which D・ where24.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ t he trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A.could have takenB. mustn't have taken C・ needrVt have taken D. shouldn't have taken25. ________ , young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to awards.A.As is widely acceptedB. What is widely acceptedC. It is widely acceptedD. That is widely accepted26. ______ writing the article, the author forgot that he had a meeting to attend・A.Having devoted to B・ Devoting toC. Being devoting to D・ Devoted to27・ While going rafting, you have to wear special clothing, just _______ your raft gets upside downor sinks・A・ unless B. in case C・ when D. even if28.Our new laboratory is supposed ________ instruments made in Shanghai.A.to be equipped withB. equippi ng with C・ equipped with D. to have equipped with29.The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life ________ s ome tress waving in the wind.A.were B・ being C. was D. to be30.The fin al-term exami nations in Janu ary are aro und the cor ner; some stude nts in my class are persuaded to _______ in club activities to focus on their studies.A.quit to participateB. stop to participateC. quit participating D・ be quitted participating 31・ Those represe ntatives at the in ter national meeting also discussed some other issues, g lobal warming.A. in reply toB. apart fromC. except forD. regardless of32.While performing stand-up show, in order to make people laugh, a comedian may fall downon stage as if _______ over a chair.A. tripped B・ to trip C. tripping D. being tripped33.By the time he was fourteen years old, Albert Einstein _________ a dvaneed mathematics on his own.A. I ear ns B・ I ear ned C. has lear ned D. had lear ned34.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _________ regularly, can improve our health.A. carried out B・ carrying out C. being carried out D. to carry out35. Although the patient had been told many times when ________ the medicine, he always forgot about it all.A. having takenB. took C ・ taking D. to takeSECTION B (18 marks)Two soldiers both seriously wounded in a war shared the same hospital room ・ One man was 36_to sit up in his bed for an hour each after noon. His bed was n ext to the room's only window. The other man had to spend all his time lying on his back on the only other bed in the room.Every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up and describe all the things he could see outside the window, the man in the other bed would relive ・ The window 37 a park with a lovely lake, the man had said ・ Ducks and swans played on the water while children 38_their model boats ・ Hearing the description, the soldier on the other side of the room imagined the beautiful 39 with his eyes closed ・ One warm after noon, a strange thought 40 the soldier: Why should his roommate have all the 41 of seeing everything while he never got to see any thing? It seemed 42 < Theman felt ashamed at first, but gradually his 43 turned into hatred and soon turned him bitter and angry ・ He found himself unable to sleep ・ He should be by that window and his only thought now 44 his life. One day the man asked the nurse 讦 he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the 46 a nd after making sure he was comfortable, she left the room. 47 a nd painfully, he supported himself on one elbow to take his first look out of the window. However; he saw nothing but a blank and dirty wall.So the pursuit of happiness isn't a gift comi ng through the win dow. It's a positive attitude we consciously choose to express ・ Our circumstances are just small part of what makes us joyful. If we wait for them to get it just right, well never find lasting joy.36. A. supposed B. determined C. instructed D. allowed37. A. overlooked B. predicted C. faced D. reflected38・ A. designed B. created C. sailed D. displayed 39・ A. environ me nt B. view C. poi nt D ・ see ne40. A. happened to B. moved over C ・ occurred to D. took off41. A. possibility B. pleasure C. motivation D ・ affection42. A. unfair B. mistaken C ・ helpless D ・ depressedB. respect C ・ admiration D. envy B. offeredC. destroyedD. surroundedB. WhenC. SinceD. WhileB. promise C ・ change D. effortB. SlowlyC. InstantlyD. QuicklySECTION C (12 marks)One of my favorite comedia ns is George Bur ns. Bor n in 1896, George got his start worki ng in theatres in 1906. He did a variety of different routines z working 48 a dancer, singer and comedian. In 1923, he started a comedy team with a woman named Gracie ・ The two soon married, and later became big stars, first on the stage, and then on radio and TV. However, _49 Gracie had to stop work because of illness in 1958, George 50 disappeared from view ・Ther\ in 1975, he acted in a film called The Sunshine Boys, winning an Academy Award for his performance ・ Millions of young people who had never seen his 51 work became his fans. Every one had great affectio n 52 this funny little man with a cigar. He stayed very active 53 into his 90s, and eve n promised43. A. curiosity44. A. controlled 45. A. Although 46. A. differenee 47. A. Nervouslyto give a special con cert on his 100th birthday ・ However; he fell in the bathtub and hurt 54 in 1994, and his health never recovered・ 55 he lived to see 100, he was not able to perform as promised ・ Whe n he passed away in 1996, milli ons of America ns mourned his death・PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)ATim Richter and his wife, Linda; had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York 一he in computers, she in special education. “Teaching means everything to us,n Tim would say. In Aprill998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's purpose・Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Part on's foun dati on (基金会)that mailed a book every month to childre n from birth to age five in the sin ger's home tow n of Sevier, Tenn essee ・H l thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire/' Tim recalls・ He placed the brochure on his desk, n as a reminder."Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imagination . The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather then sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see ・"We did n't wa nt to give the childre n rubbish/1 says Linda. The books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members - in eluded classics such as Ezra Jack Keats's The Snowy Day and n ewer books like Anna Dewd ney's Llama Llama series・Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work・ Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their in their area・ Megan Williams, a mother of four; is more than appreciative: "This program introduces us to books「ve never heard of.'1The Richters spend about $400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die," says Tim・"Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left."61.What led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of life?A.His health problem.B. His love for teaching.C.The in flue nee of his wife.D. The n ews from the Web.62.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library?A. Give out brochures・B. Do something similar.C.Write books for childrenD. Retire from being a teacher.63.According to the text, Dolly Parton is _________ .A. a well-known surgeonB. a mother of a four-year-oldC.a singer born in Tennessee D .a computer programmer64.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?A.To avoid signing up online.B.To meet Dollywood board members.C.To make sure the books were the newest.D.To see if the books were of good quality.65.What can we learn from Tim's words in the last paragraph?A.He needs more money to help the children・B.He wonders why some people are so busy・C・ He tries to save those waiting to die.D.He considers his efforts worthwhile.BSometimes you'll hear people say that you carft love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you'll hear people say that you can't expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you've got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we're the apple of our parents' eyes, and that our Grandmas think we're great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But sometimes it's a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves・ If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourselfo Self-image is your own mincTs picture of yourself. This image in eludes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes・ That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dorft allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you carft move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you're silly because you aren〃t good at math, find a tutor. If you thinkyou're weak because you can't run a mile, get to the track and practice・ If you think you're dull because you dorft wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes・ But remember, just because you think it doesn't mean it's true.The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities・ Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you'll know you're well on your way. Good luck!61.You need to build a positive self-image when you __________ •A. dare to challenge yourselfB. feel it hard to change yourselfC.are uncon fide nt about yourselfD. have a high opinion of yourself62.According to the passage, our self-images __________・A. have positive effects B・ are probably untrueC.are often changeableD. have different functions63.How should you change your self-image according to the passage?A. To keep a different image of othersB. To make your life successfulC・ To un d erst a nd your own world D・ To cha nge the way you think64.What is the passage mainly about?A. How to prepare for your success・B・ How to face challenges in your life・C.How to build a positive self-imageD. How to develop your good quantities65.Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. ParentsB. AdolescentsC. Educators D・ People in generalcKm usually fairly skeptical about any research that con eludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically・ Still, I was struck by areport which con eluded that today's children are sign ificantly more anxious tha n children in the 1950s・In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are America' s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can' t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope・At the top of the list is nurturing （培育）a better appreciation of the limits of individualism・ No child is an island・ Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress ・To help kids build str on ger connectio ns with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers・Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.Limit the amount of virtual （虚拟的）violence your children are exposed to. It' s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news・Keep your expectati ons for your childre n reas on able. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids・ Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable・ But it doesn' t have to ruin your life.66.The underlined word skeptical could be best replaced by _______ •A. puzzled B・ doubtful C・ sure D. curious67.What does the author mean when he says, “ we can' t turn the clock back ” （Line 1, Para・ 3）?A.It/s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B.The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C.Less on s lear ned from the past should not be forgotte n.D.It" s impossible to forget the past.68.According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as men tallyill 50 years ago ________ .A.were less isolated physicallyB.were probably less self-centeredC.probably suffered less from anxietyD.were considered less individualistic69.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is __________ .A. to provide them with a safer environmentB.to lower their expectations for themC.to get them more involved sociallyD.to set a good model for them to follow70.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A.Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B.Children' s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated・C.Children' s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care・D.An xiety, if properly con trolled, may help childre n become mature.PART FOUR WRITINGSECTION A （10 marks）Focus is such an important part of success and achievement in general. There are many things that can become distractions （分心）.Your ability to focus your mind, emotions and physical moveme nts will directly in fluence your success ・ Stayi ng focused on the task at hand can sometime be easier said than done. Below are some powerful strategies that you can use to improve your focus.For physical con trol it helps to have a consistent exercise schedul e. There are many ben efits to exercising and one is gaining a broader mindfulness of bodies limits. Also exercising helps you to better comma nd your body and go bey ond physical limits and the result is more physically, emoti on ally and mentally flexible. Whe n you feel more comfortable in your body, you in crease your self-c on fide nee which fin ally helps you feel more relaxed.For men tai con trol meditati on （冥想）does the task ・ Meditatio n helps break out all the noise and activity that is going on around you. It〃s so easy to get distracted by things in your background but in order to perform well you have to maintain a high degree of focus・ When you relax your thoughts it trains your mind to deal effectively with outside distractions so you can stay centered on what's most valuable in the moment.Your emotions are well served by meditation also. It prevents you from overreact!on. It also helps prevent you from overacting. When your emotions settle down you gain greater awareness in the environment around you, it will also help you to calm your mind and emotions.In a word, focus requires self-control. The good thing is that self-control can be developed. Start exercising frequently and get yourself a meditative practice and recognize how it improves your career and your life.Title: 71. of impro ving vour focus\72. of focus ——>An important part of success and achievement.Physical controlA consistent9 exercise schedule• A broader mindfulness of bodies limits• A better comma nd 73. __________• A breakthrough in physical limits•The result is physical, 74. ___________ flexibility•75. __________ in self-c on fide neeBreak out all the 76. ___________Train your mind effectivelyKeep your mind 77. ___________ valuable things76. _____________ 3 Meditation •Prevent overreact!ng and overacting •Help to 79. ___________•Calm your mind and emotions。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The War of the Worlds by H.G.WellsPublished in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and still continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses to a strange-looking meteorite(陨石) in England. Not long after that, it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and that an invasion is around the corner. What is it like for man, who dominates the Earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens?Dune Saga by Frank HerbertPublished from 1965 to 1985, Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered an epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul’s descendants(后裔), ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.The Space Trilogy by C.S.LewisThis series contains three books that were published from 1938 to 1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus. On these planets, the local residents are not corrupted(腐化), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.Fahrenheit 451 by Ray BradburyFuture society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burns them. The main character, Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture is obsessed(着迷)with the society of television but doesn’t realize the value-and the freedom-that comes with literature.1、Where is Dr.Elwin Ransom originally from?A.Mars.B.Venus.C.Earth.D.Arrakis.2、Which book explores the potential for technology to make humans less free?A.The War of the Worlds.B.Dune Saga.C.The Space Trilogy.D.Fahrenheit 451.3、What do the four books have in common?A.They show an imaginary world.B.They each have two main characters.C.They explore the nature of humanity.D.They were published in the 20th century.Get up at 6 a.m., arrive at the hospital one hour earlier to help patients check in, and accompany patients during consultations...In r ecent years, “patient escorts” has emerged as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career are known as “people who sell time". 26-year-old Zhang Tian is one of them.September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian. On this day, Zhang Tian saw a video about patient escorts on a short video platform. The daily routine of patient escorts shown in the video fascinated her and gradually inspired her to take this on as a business. She browsed through many platforms and read multiple information and found there indeed exists a certain demand for patient escorts, especially from the elderly, children, and pregnant women. Since she had never engaged in this kind of work before, she spent two days in major hospitals in Wuhan, in order to familiarize herself with all the departments on different floors, as well as the processes of medical consultation and preparation for surgery.After early preparatory work, Zhang Tian posted a video of her self-introduction on major social platforms, talking about the help and services a patient escort provides, as well as some tips for a quick and convenient medical consultation. At first, she was a little worried that her video would go unnoticed. However, after she uploaded the video, it got over 100 likes and she received her first ever offer as a patient escort.The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. She received a phone call on September 9 from a man whose father was seriously ill and might need surgery. He wanted Zhang Tian to accompany his father through his consultation and treatment. Zhang Tian made full preparations before meeting her first client and did a very good job despite her nervousness.“Late r, the family expressed their gratitude to me over and over again, which warmed my heart and gave me a sense of achievement,” Zhang Tian said.4、What do patient escorts do?A.They assist doctors in hospitals.B.They arrive at hospitals early to check in.C.They take on this career to sell their time.D.They help patients get treated in hospitals.5、September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian because _____.A.she enjoyed seeing an interesting videoB.she got inspiration for her own careerC.she found a demand for medical workersD.she was well received on social platforms6、How did Zhang Tian get her first client?A.She got familiar with the routine work in hospitals.B.She spent two days in major hospitals meeting patients.C.Her video on social platforms attracted her first client.D.The man's father was seriously ill and might need surgery.7、Which of the following words best describe Zhang Tian?A.Hardworking and considerate.B.Humorous and careful.C.Ambitious and imaginative.D.Talkative and positive.These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones are getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what's going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they're looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba V olcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared(红外线的) cameras to sweepinto places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.8、How does the author lead in the topic of the text?A.By giving examples.B.By listing data.C.By drawing a distinction.D.By making assumptions.9、What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature?A.The high safety.B.The huge space.C.The recovery capability after damage.D.The ability to collect data at a high altitude.10、What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones?A.Their production steps.B.Their practical functions.C.Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.D.Their data set for monitoring the environment.11、Which is a suitable title for the text?A.Drones: PoisonousB.Drones: Eco-friendlyC.Drones: LimitedD.Drones: AdaptableA study led by Plana-Ripoll, a doctor at Aarhus University in Denmark, tries to deal with a fundamental question that has bothered researchers for more than a century-what exactly causes mental illness?In the hope of finding the answer, scientists have piled up a large amount of data over the past decade, through studies of genes and brain activity. They have found that many of the same genes underlie seemingly distinct disorders and that changes in the brain's decision-making systems could be involved in many conditions.The researchers are also rethinking theories of how our brains go wrong. The idea that mental illness can be classified into distinct, separate categories like "anxiety" has been disproved to a large extent. Instead, recently they've found that disorders shade into each other, and there are no hard dividing lines.The researchers are trying to understand the biology that underlies mental illness. They have a few theories. Perhaps there are several dimensions of mental illness, so depending on how a person scores on each dimension, they might be more likely to have some disordersthan others. An alternative idea is that there is a single factor that makes people easier to suffer from mental illness in general. What disorder they develop is then determined by other factors. Both ideas are being taken seriously though the former one is more widely accepted by the researchers.The details are still unclear, but most researchers agree that one thing is specific: The old system of categorizing mental disorders into neat boxes does not work. They are also hopeful that, in the long run, replacing this framework with one that is grounded in biology will lead to new drugs and treatments. The researchers aim to reveal, for instance, the key genes, brain regions and neurological processes involved in psychopathology(精神病理学), and target them with treatments. Although it might take a while to get there, they are long-term optimistic if the field really does its work.12、What aspect of mental illness has been puzzling researchers according to the text?A.Its symptoms.B.Its roots.C.Its categories.D.Its theories.13、What have the researchers found from the recent study?A.There exist links between mental disorders.B.Brain function has little to do with mental illness.C.Mental illness is classified into different categories.D.Genes are completely different in distinct mental disorders.14、Which one is more widely accepted by the researchers according to paragraph 4?A.The theory of genetic influences.B.The belief of brain abnormalities.C.The concept of multiple dimensions.D.The idea of the determined risk factor.15、What can we learn about mental illness from the text?A.Hunting for its biology might helpB.Its genes are too complex to study.C.Scientists are clear about its details.D.Its new drugs could be available soon.二、七选五16、 Exams are an important type of assessment almost all students will need to undertake. The best way to study is not to recite it all in hours or minutes before an exam. Exam stress affects most students in various ways. ①______How do you face such an important day? If you have not been able to study the complete content still now, don't long to finish it all. ②______ In your bag, collect all your supplies such as pencils, several pens and other important writing materials. Put the bag and everything else that you might need in one place. This will help to reduce your worries in the morning.When you arrive at the hall, surround yourself with friends who are supportive or just go through your notes quietly. Always make it a point to study the subjects which you find easier to learn first. ③______ Therefore, do not go round asking crazily for the answer. This will just upset you and send you into panic mode.④______ Before the examination starts, make sure your question paper is complete. Read the instructions carefully. Settle the easy questions first. Divide your time carefully for each question and move on to the next question even if you have not finished the first.Finally, after each paper, go home and rest. Do not worry about what you could have done or haven't done. Try not to discuss the answers with your friends.⑤______A. Try to relax and remember to fill the answer.B. When you are in the examination room, follow these steps.C. You'll be affected if you do not know the answer to any topic.D. Firstly, prepare a test kit for the duration of your examination.E. You should not allow anything to upset the rest of the examination.F. Many students are nervous when they are facing their first examination.G. It is important to manage this stress and find ways of helping to reduce it.17、假定你是李华,你校将举办一场面向外国留学生的讲座。

1936年2月，毛泽东率长征部队胜利到达陕北，在陕北的清涧县，毛泽东曾于一场大雪之后攀登到海拔千米、白雪覆盖的塬上视察地形，面对祖国壮丽山河，他意气风发，一气呵成写下这首不朽的名词。

1945年8月，抗战胜利后,毛泽东去重庆与国民党谈判。

其间，诗人柳亚子向毛泽东“索句”，毛泽东就赠以《沁园春·雪》。

随后在《新民晚报》公开发表，迅速在人民当中广为传颂，极大地鼓舞了全国人民的革命斗志和胜利的信心。

整个重庆山城都轰动了。

蒋介石气急败坏，要求他的御用文人日夜埋头写作以写出一首在气势上和意境上胜过这首词的词。

然而，那些御用文人挖空心思、绞尽脑汁也没有写出来…… 充分自学达到目标 1、读准字音 2、能用自己的话说出每一句的意思 3、准确背诵默写课文 4、能准确识记注释 给下面多音字选择正确的读音 ①分（ ）外妖娆 ( A.fēn B.fèn )②竟折（ ）腰 ( A.zhē B.zhé ) ③成吉思汗（ ） ( A.hán B.hàn ) ④数（ ）风流人物 (A.shùB.shǔ ) ⑤还看今朝（ ） (A.zhāo B.cháo) 解加点词： 北国： 惟余： 莽莽： 河： 顿： 舞：驰： 蜡象： 欲： 须： 红装： 素裹： 分： 妖娆： 如此： 引： 竞： 折腰： 输： 文采： 逊： 风骚： 天骄： 只识：弯弓： 射雕： 俱： 数： 风流人物： 还看今朝。

北国风光， 千里冰封， 万里雪飘。

长城内外， 惟余莽莽， 大河上下， 顿失滔滔。

山舞银蛇， 原驰蜡象， 欲与天公试比高。

须晴日， 看红装素裹， 分外妖娆。

北方的风光， 千里冰封冻， 万里雪花飘。

眺望长城内外， 只剩下无边无际白茫茫一片； 宽广的黄河上下， 顿时失去了滔滔水势。

连绵的山岭好像银白色的蟒蛇在飞舞， 高原上丘陵好像蜡白色的巨象在奔驰， 似乎都想要与苍天比试一下高低。

湖南省长沙市2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次学情检测试卷英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解Where to Eat in MalaysiaMalaysia offers a wide range of food choices, ranging from fine dining to street food. Elsewhere, restaurants and food stalls are readily available.Old China CafeEating here is a little like dining in a museum as the walls are lined with photos and memorabilia of the local Chinese laundryman’s association. Chinese and Asian dishes keep regulars and travellers coming back for more. The menu changes monthly.San PedroThis restaurant serves Portuguese cuisine. Try the baked fish (seabass or red snapper), curry debal chicken (can be quite spicy), fried brinjals and the black pepper crabs. Call ahead to reserve a table (and your fish), because once their fish runs out, they will close for the day.The BungalowFacing the hotel pool and the beach, this restaurant has indoor and outdoor seating. At night, the atmosphere is very romantic. The Chinese menu concentrates on traditional Hainanese dishes, but includes dishes such as fish curry, chicken rice and filet mignon.No. 7 Sup CornerEven if you miss this buffet-style restaurant at the road bend, you will not miss the number of cars parked at the road shoulder or the locals heading to it during lunchtime. It serves Malay dishes. First get your plate of rice, and then take whatever you would like to eat. Present your food plate to the lady at the counter and pay for it. Closed on Fridays and during Ramadan (斋月). Come early as there’s alway s a crowd outside.1．What do Old China Cafe and the Bungalow have in common?A. They are based in hotels.B. They have seasonal set menus.C. They have atmospheric settings.D. They adopt modern cooking methods. 2．Which restaurant serves western cuisine?A. Old China Cafe.B. No.7 Sup Corner.C. The Bungalow.D. San Pedro.3．What do we know about No. 7 Sup Corner?A. It is inconveniently located.B. It is a self-service restaurant.C. It requires a restaurant booking.D. It opens every day except the weekends.At the first exhibition of Henri Rousseau’s paintings in 1886, the public laughed out loud, and critics made fun of his original, unschooled style, one writing “Monsieur Rousseau paints with his feet, and his eyes covered.”Despite heavy criticism throughout his life, Rousseau kept painting, confident in his gift. He never received formal training in the arts because his family was too poor. For more than twenty years, he worked at the Paris customs office. It wasn’t until the age of 40 th at he took up the brush, teaching himself to paint by copying works at the Louvre and studying nature. “Nothing makes me so happy as to observe nature and to paint what I see.” he said.Though his best-known paintings are of jungle scenes with monkeys, lions, and small woods, Rousseau never left France or saw a jungle. To paint foreign plants and animals, he relied on books, botanical gardens(植物园) in Paris, and his imagination. “When I go into the glasshouse and I see the strange plants of faraway lands,” he once said, “it seems to me that I enter into a dream.”Rousseau claimed to have invented a new style of painting called the landscape—portrait, in which he paints a background view and then adds a person in the foreground later, as he did in Myself: Portrait-Landscape (1890).Called a naive (天真) artist due to his childlike, untrained style, Rousseau painted colors one at a time, starting from the top and working his way down. While critics described his works as flat and inexact descriptions of nature, he earned the respect of artists like Pablo Picasso and Wassily Kandinsky, who thought Rousseau was onto something new.Though his work was never accepted by the art world in his time, Rousseau’s paintings hang in museums around the world today. And Rousseau’s original approach to art has inspired countless artists to follow their own unique views.4．Why did Rousseau have no formal training in arts?A. Because he preferred painting in his own way.B. Because he was afraid of being criticized by others.C. Bec ause his family couldn’t afford the training.D. Because there were more to be found in nature.5．What can we learn about Rousseau?A. He was unwilling to develop a personal style.B. He moved to a jungle to study nature.C. He came from an artistic family.D. He was indeed a self-taught painter.6．What is Rousseau’s art like?A. It is black-and-white.B. It is simple and original.C. It presents social reality.D. It employs persons in the background. 7．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. Rousseau’s works have now been recognized.B. Rousseau earned a good reputation in his time.C. Rousseau encouraged young artists to follow his footsteps.D. Rousseau’s paintings have hardly ever been shown in museums.With the explosion of chatbots like ChatGPT driving the tech boom, many people have considered the fear in mind: will AI replace human beings? Discussion in the media would have us believe that such fear is unnecessary. However, the runaway success of a Chinese AI-social media users.Users of the mobile app need to pay 9.9 yuan ($1.4) and upload at least 20 recent portraits each to get a digital clone, which can be used to create different types of portraits fit for ID purposes, formal occasions or even everyday lifestyle.According to an online survey from lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, 72% of the users preferred the photo created by the generator to those created by a renowned professional portrait photography chain in China. Facial expressions, lighting, overall appearance ... the whole range of technical aspects seemed superior. Take me for example, most importantly, I didn’t need to spend more time and money in dressing up and striking unnatural p oses in front of a group of unfamiliar people. I could get various photos at the price of, say, a cup of Starbucks coffee, without having to step out of my home.So, in the next step, will photographers, image specialists and such people lose their jobs? Unlikely.Tech without the human touch has its own shortcomings. I soon discovered that many of my friends also tried out the app, and their portraits had the same or similar poses and costumes etc.—a kind of one-size-fits-all setting. Which is to say that homogenization (均质化) makes offline photo studies a necessity still. It’s too early to say that AI portrait apps will replace offline photo studios.Some people feel AIGC (生成式人工智能) may be just a passing tech trend. A real-world assessment took place betwee n AI doctors and human doctors in June. To everyone’s surprise, human doctors scored an average of 7.5 out of 10, while AI doctors scored 7.2. AI doctors’ recommendations, however, were found to be 96 percent as good as those of top-level physicians.Ma Ting, a professor of neuroinformatics (神经信息学) said when doctors make decisions based on patients’ diagnoses, they consider multidimensional data, which are difficult for AI to access and assess. “To fully allow AI to move from its general understanding to advanced intelligence, we still need more research, more data and more intelligent algorithms(算法).” Ma said.8．What does the underlined word “ignited” mean in the article?A. Reduced.B. Caused.C. Increased.D. Reminded.9．What does the survey show us according to paragraph 3?A. Most users prefer AI-generated portraits for formal occasions.B. Most users prefer well-known portraits photography chains.C. Most users believe that AI-generated portraits are unique and personalized.D. Most users value convenience and cost-effectiveness by the portrait generator.10．Why does the author believe that offline photo studios is still a necessity?A. AI portrait apps offer a variety of poses and costumes.B. AI-generated portraits lack uniqueness of an individual.C. Offline photo studios offered the similar poses and costumes.D. Offline photo studios have a kind of one-size-fits-all setting.11．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. AI can consider multidimensional data when diagnosing patients.B. Doctors make decisions based merely on AI assistance.C. AI has moved from its general understanding to advanced intelligence.D. Further improvement to AI’s capabilities is needed at present.After nearly 70 years of space exploration, Earth is now surrounded by space junk. Recently, an accident made the cleanup more difficult to start.According to the European Space Agency (ESA), scientists plan on testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1, in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to Earth. They have chosen to bring back VESPA, a 113-kilogram, two-meter-wide rocket part. However, in August, it was hit by another piece of space junk, creating new pieces. The ESA is now revising its cleanup plan.Most satellites toda y are sent into Earth’s low orbit, which reaches up to around 2,000 kilometers above the Earth. There, spacecraft are most likely to crash with each other. There may be as many as 170 million pieces of space junk in orbit. Big or small, any of the pieces can cause harm to a spacecraft.In terms of the cleanup, scientists have some other ideas. One popular plan is to equip a spacecraft with harpoons (叉) and magnets (磁铁). The craft would shoot the harpoon to stick into the debris before “throwing” it back to Earth. Magnets could move the debris, changing its direction. The debris would burn after entering Earth’s atmosphere so there wouldn’t be much left when it reaches Earth. Scientists are also considering shooting lasers (激光) from spacecraft to heat up the debris’ surface, creating a small push that would change the debris’ orbit. This change would allow the debris to be caught by Earth’s gravity.Space junk can be very dangerous, and space agencies around the world are testing and planning the cleanup. But why haven’t they done anything yet? One reason is the expense.It would take between $4, 000 and $60, 000 per kilogram to catch one piece of debris larger than 10 cm. And around $300 million is needed to develop the laser technology. 12．What’s the mission of ClearSpace-1?A. To mark Earth’s low orbit.B. To monitor space debris.C. To study the harm of space junk.D. To bring VESPA back to Earth.13．How do lasers work in cleaning up space debris?A. By burning it up in space.B. By pushing it into deeper space.C. By moving it towards a spacecraft.D. By redirecting it into the atmosphere. 14．What’s a disadvantage of the cleanup according to the last two paragraphs?A. It’s complex.B. It’s risky.C. It’s costly.D. It’s changeable. 15．What might be a suitable title?A. Escaping from Crowded SpaceB. Looking for Ways to Clean up SpaceC. Dangerous Space DebrisD. Exceptional Space Exploration二、七选五16．Are you frequently depressed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind particularly when you look over social media sites and are faced with all the exciting things your friends are up to? ①_______FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own. It appears as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it canhave a weakening effect on our self-esteem (自尊).While feelings of envy and lack of confidence seem to be human nature, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire. ②_______ Social media, with its built-in appeal, allows us to share only the best presentations of our life, while leaving out the more boring aspects. Although this could be characterized as dishonest, it is the atmosphere social media seems to demand. So how do we avoid being trapped into our own insecurities by social media?Consider your own social media posts.③_______ Well, so have others. And what they’ve left hidden is the fact that boredom, loneliness and unpleasant chores are an unavoidable part of every one’s life, and you’re not the only one feeling left out.④_______ You may not be a regular at fancy parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives.Learn to shake it off. We are all flooded daily with photos of other people’s perfections, but really, what does it matter? ⑤_______ And even if you are more easily affected than others by social media envy, all you need to do is to look around you and acknowledge that you are doing pretty well after all.A.If so, you are not alone.B.Value your friends in real life.C.Learn to appreciate the positives.D.Why does it have such a stimulating effect?E.They are probably no more real than the funniest reality TV show.F.The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological consequences.G.Have you ever chosen photos that lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life?三、完形填空（15空）person around Philadelphia.homeless, still free of charge.17．A. resigned B. graduated C. hesitated D. failed18．A. square B. sidewalk C. market D. platform19．A. taking over B. setting aside C. keeping up D. giving out20．A. report B. business C. scene D. condition21．A. fool B. objector C. exception D. fun22．A. compromise B. explain C. leave D. decline23．A. encourage B. attract C. comfort D. support24．A. turning to B. running into C. hearing of D. looking for25．A. unbelievable B. unreasonable C. uneasy D. unnecessary26．A. keys B. tools C. tasks D. choices27．A. consistent B. wonderful C. creative D. familiar28．A. alternative B. experiment C. opportunity D. attempt29．A. kindness B. advice C. invitation D. politeness30．A. new B. normal C. modern D. unique31．A. occasionally B. exactly C. casually D. strictly四、短文填空32．It is no secret that China has an incredibly rich, complex and ancient history and culture. My first ①______ (expose) to Chinese culture came totally by chance. At 8, I walked into a bookshop and picked a book from one of the ②______ (shelf). Nevertheless, the book turned out to be the “Tao Te Ching”, a deeply philosophical book of Taoism. As an 8-year-old, the book’s content was ③______ (obvious) lost on me, but it provided me with an early connection to a profound philosophical tradition by ④______ I am still influenced today. Atschool I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language developed early on, ⑤______(combine) my love of travelling with my love of meeting new people.Culture and food are closely connected and perhaps nowhere else can this be seen more clearly ⑥______ in China. In recent years there ⑦______ (be) a rise in restaurants offering a variety of foods here. I have introduced many of my friends to Chinese history and culture through a ⑧______ (share) love of food.⑨______ is safe to say that my journey has only just begun. These first steps are only a drop in the ocean of lifelong learning, but as the Chinese philosopher Laozi said, “A journey of a thousand miles ⑩______ (begin) with a single step.”五、书面表达33．假定你是李华，星期六晚上 8 点学校礼堂将放映电影《郑和下西洋》（A Treasure Ship Captain）。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025年高二上学期开学考试英语试题一、阅读理解Archaeology campEach summer, the Public Archaeology Facility ’s Community Archaeology Program offers a week - long program focused on archaeology for kids entering Grades 5 and 6. The program is taught by professional archaeologists from Binghamton University. Students will learn about the science of archaeology through hands -on , interactive classroom projects , laboratory tours, outdoor activities, and a visit to a local archaeological site.Our 2023 Research Site is the Whitney Point Bridge site. Broome County, New York. Dates : July 13-17, 2023Time: 8:30 am -4:30 pmTickets: $200 per participant ( a 10% discount before May 15,2023) The session is limited to 16 students to ensure the best educational setting.Participants will spend the first two days of the program learning about ancient cultures, archaeological concepts, and practicing fieldwork techniques, and artifact(人工制品) classification and preservation. Kids will take part in exciting activities in experimental and creative archaeology, including pottery (陶器) construction and a cross - country race.On the third and fourth days, participants will explore local historic sites long - covered by plants. and learn how archaeologists survey sites ‘ using direct mcasurements, digital cameras, careful notes, and hand - held GPS units. This trip will also provide an opportunity to learn more about the environment in which these sites were created.On the last day - the program will travel to a local historically significant archaecological site currently being excavated (挖掘) by the Public Archaeology Facility where students will observe professional excavations, Participants will be able to assist in some of the tasks at the site, including screening (筛查;甄别) for artifacts, note - taking, and site interpretation.1．What do we know about the archaeology camp ?A．It lasts for a whole month.B．Itis limited to a dozen kids.C．It is guided by university experts.D．It is intended for high school students.2．How much should two kids pay if they buy fickets before March 15,2023?A．$200.B．$360C．$380. D．$400.3．What will participants probably do on July 16, 2023?A．Conduct a survey in the field.B．Help reconstruct ancicnt objects.C．Observe professtonal excavations.D．Learn about artifact classification.Whether it be a person, an animal, or even an insect, a mother’s instincts (本能) are never wrong. This idea rings true for a mother cat who acted fast and sought out help when her kittens were in trouble. This mother cat’s quick thinking may have just saved her babies.In the urban district of Izmir in western Turkey, a cat walked into a regular hospital bolding a kitten in her mouth. As the mother cat moved through the hospital, people were surprised to see such a sight, but let her pass. The mother cat asked for help, crying for a long time. She was familiar to the hospital staff, who had been leaving her food and water outside, but they were unaware that she had given birth to kittens.The mother cat was concerned for her young because they weren’t able to open their eyes. After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets (兽医) and gave medicine as described. When the kittens opened their eyes a short time later, we were excited.” Later, they were sent to an animal hospital for further care. The cats are now up for adoption and will hopefully find loving forever homes.When it comes to mother cats and kittens, kittens completely depend on mothers for the first few months of their lives. Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cat must protect them from any threat or danger. Without the mother cat’s help, the kittens may not make it to adulthood.As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother’s love and protection knows no bounds.Whether the mom is a human or a cat, mothers will always look out for their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.4．Why did the mother cat show up in the hospital?A．To beg for food.B．To get her babies treated.C．To express thanks.D．To give birth to her babies.5．How did the doctors help the baby cat?A．They built them a home.B．They adopted all of them.C．They operated on them immediately.D．They gave them right medicine.6．What makes newly-born cats dependent on their mothers?A．Their physical state.B．Their eating habit.C．Their appearance.D．Their behavior.7．What can we learn from the story?A．Love makes a difference.B．One good turn deserves another.C．Humans can live peacefully with animals.D．God helps those who help themselves.Most people enjoy variety. We like to eat different foods from meal to meal. We wear different clothes. We like to try new activities and visit new places. We become bored when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety, and that’s in each other. We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share.There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the pandemic.This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals, but it’s critical to the survival of any species. If all finches (雀科鸣鸟) were identical, for example, and their environment changed in some significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature or a decrease inwater, all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct. This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin, and it’s known as population thinking. Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection, but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Variation is therefore a prerequisite for natural selection to work.Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times, but it’s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you, treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations, and more adaptable to change.8．Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable?A．Having an adventure in the wild.B．Taking a trip to a foreign country.C．Sharing traveling experiences with others.D．Socializing with people from diverse cultures.9．What does the second paragraph focus on?A．People’s unwillingness to deal with new things.B．The significance of learning new things in our life.C．The biological explanations for people’s discomfort.D．The role of the nervous system in learning new things.10．What does the underlined word “prerequisite” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Requirement.B．Substitute.C．Motivation.D．Challenge. 11．What does the writer mainly want to convey?A．Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation.B．How we can benefit from seeking variation.C．How we should treat the differences we find in others.D．Why we should get along with people different from us.Certain stem cells have a unique ability to move between growth compartments(隔间) in hair follicles(毛囊), but get stuck as people age and so lose their ability to mature and maintain hair color, a new study shows.Led by researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the new work focused on cells in the skin of mice and also found in humans called melanocyte stem cells, or McSCs. Hair color is controlled by whether nonfunctional but continually multiplying pools of McSCs within hair follicles get the signal to become mature cells that make the protein pigment(色素) responsible for color.The new study showed that McSCs are remarkably plastic. This means that during normal hair growth, such cells continually move back and forth between maturity and immaturity as they move between compartments of the developing hair follicle. It is inside these compartments that McSCs are exposed to different levels of maturity-influencing protein signals.The researchers found that as hair ages, comes off, and then repeatedly grows back, increasing numbers of McSCs get stuck in the stem cell compartment. They remain there, do not mature into the transit-amplifying state, and do not travel back to their original location in the germ compartment, where they regenerate into pigment cells.Specifically, the research team found that McSCs transform between their most primitive stem cell state and the next stage of their maturation, depending on their location.“Our study adds to our basic understanding of how McSCs work to color hair,”said study lead investigator Qi Sun, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at NYU Langone Health. “The newfound mechanisms raise the possibility that the same fixed-positioning of McSCs may exist in humans. If so, it presents a potential pathway for changing over or preventing the graying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments.”12．What is the function of mature McSCs?A．Receiving maturity signal.B．Making protein pigments.C．Stopping hair from being colored.D．Sending maturity-influencing protein signals. 13．What determines the state of McSCs?A．Their quantity.B．Their growing time.C．Their size.D．Their position.14．What can be concluded from the study?A．Hair will stop growing as it ages.B．Gray hair will no longer mature.C．Stuck McSCs cause hair to turn gray.D．Gray hair can eventually grow normal. 15．What did Qi Sun express in the last paragraph?A．The potential application of the finding.B．The principle behind the result of the study.C．The basic understanding of McSCs.D．The possibility of developing hair follicle compartments.A large part of the world’s total sugar supply comes from beets. Most markets carry this sugar, but it may not always be clearly labeled. You may think the white sugar you just bought is made from sugarcane. 16Beets have been an important crop in human agriculture for centuries, with evidence of their planting dating back to ancient civilizations in Europe. However, it was not until the16th century that beets’ potential as a source of sugar was realized. 17 Later, they slowly spread to America.One key advantage of using beets for sugar is that compared to sugarcane, beets can be planted in cooler regions. 18 Beet sugar is also easier to produce. just requiring very basic processing. So in consideration of the cost-effective characteristics, beets are an attractive alternative to sugarcane.19 The initial step involves washing and cutting up the beets, followed by passing them through a machine that forces hot water past the beet pieces. The resulting juice is then combined with liquids squeezed from the beets. The mixture is then heated, leading to a thick, sweet liquid. Finally, the liquid is further processed to obtain beet sugar, which is chemically nearly identical to sugarcane sugar.The quantities of beet sugar and sugarcane sugar can be used equally in baking recipes.20 While some people are able to tell a difference, many others can’t tell whether a baked treat has been made with beet sugar or sugarcane sugar. So beet sugar sometimes can replace sugarcane sugar in a baking recipe.A．Beets can be easily processed.B．But its source may be actually beets.C．The flavour of baked goods is quite similar.D．Let’s look at how exactly to make beet sugar.E．In most cases, people tend to eat sugarcane sugar.F．Besides, beets are tougher and able to grow on land of poor quality.G．Therefore, beet sugar processing plants began to be built in Europe.二、完形填空Tineke Vanobbergen found herself torn when it was time for her to return to her job. As a new mom, she was anxious about 21 her baby. Although Alix’s dad, Kenny Deuss, would do fine, Tineke wanted 22 : a picture every single day.Kenny sent 23 photos for the first week — Alix sleeping, Alix eating… — and Tineke felt better. But Kenny was bored 24 the same shots over and over. So an idea 25 his mind.The next week, when Tineke opened her lunchtime photo, she got a(n) 26 . The picture was Alix in a 27 position in an astronaut suit with a sign to travel to the moon.“ 28 , I had to ask, ‘Can he sit?’ because he was only three months old,” said Tineke. But she quickly 29 that Kenny used digital editing software to make it look like baby Alix was sitting up all by himself, ready to rocket into space.Tineke then showed it to all her 30 , and the collective admiration that followed generated a regular 31 . So every Tuesday, Kenny would send a new photo 32 Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly worrisome situation.Kenny had lots of fun with the baby while posing him for 33 photos. So did the baby. This 34 dad was correcting the 35 in general — fathers cannot take care of children easily.21．A．giving up B．hearing from C．parting from D．bringing up 22．A．proof B．attention C．help D．advice 23．A．funny B．clear C．quality D．normal 24．A．describing B．texting C．collecting D．repairing 25．A．carried B．clouded C．obeyed D．occupied26．A．surprise B．explanation C．problem.D．award 27．A．standing B．running C．sitting D．lying 28．A．Actively B．Obviously C．Eventually D．Typically 29．A．determined B．ensured C．imagined D．perceived 30．A．relatives B．associates C．clients D．neighbors 31．A．visit B．program C．demand D．meeting 32．A．featuring B．recalling C．reporting D．testing 33．A．novel B．superior C．elegant D．thrilling 34．A．responsible B．curious C．experienced D．creative 35．A．debate B．misbelief C．conflict D．disadvantage三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

长沙市第一中学2009～2010学年度第一学期第二次阶段性考试·试题卷I.听力（共三节，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

（每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1．Where does the conversation likely take place?A．In a hospital．B．In a bookshop．C．In a supermarket．2．What do we know about the man?A．He is a hard working boy．B．He is as dull as Jack．C．He’d like to go with Lisa．3．What time is it now?A．8：30．B．8：50．C．9：30．4．What would the man most probably do?A．Get some change from Jane．B．Use the woman’s phone．C．Go to look for a pay phone．5．What’s the weather like?A．Windy．B．Warm．C．Cloudy．第二节听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

（每小题1.5分，共18分）听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。

6．Where did the conversation take place?A．At the airport．B．At the cinema．C．On the phone．7．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Close friends．B．Brother and sister．C．Doctor and patient．8．What would they do that evening?A．Go to a party．B．Discuss something．C．Meet Amy at the airport．听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。