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十大词性之形容词和副词(2)

十大词性之形容词和副词(2)
十大词性之形容词和副词(2)

易成教育个性化辅导讲义

教师姓名瞿芳学科英语上课时间讲义序号学生姓名年级组长签字日期课题名称十大词性之形容词和副词(2)

教学目标1.掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法

2.副词的位置和语法功能(2)

教学重点

难点

特殊比较结构和副词分类

课前检查作业完成情况:优□良□中□差□建议__________________________________________

教学过程形容词、副词的比较级

1、一般单、双音节词直接加-er-est。

2、不规则变化:

good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst

little-less-least far-farther/further-farthest/furthest.

3、没有比较级的形容词和副词。

(1)表“极限”意义和绝对概念的形容词或副词。例:absolutely, dead, relative等(2)表带有“最”或“唯一”的形容词。如:favorite, only, unique等

比较级的修饰词:

1、表程度的副词可用于修饰形容词、副词的比较级

例:The patient felt a bit better today.病人今天感觉好多了。

类似的词有:much, a lot, a little, far, a great deal, by far, even 等

常用比较级的句式:

1、A+be+比较级+than+B

例:The voyage is more exciting than the last.

2、the+比较级……,the+比较级

例:The farther you go into the cave, the more you’ll find.

3、比较级and比较级表“越来越”……

例:With a better understanding of science, they got more and more knowledge.

4、no+比较级+than和not +比较级+than

(1)no more than和not more than区分

He is no more than 1 meter [only 仅仅]

He is not more than 1 meter [ 不超过1米]

Your idea is no better than his.[ 你的想法和他的一样糟]

Your idea is not better than his.[你的想法没有他的好]

5、by far 构成的基本句式:

基本结构:by far the 和the very +最高级

例:This is by far the best.这最好不过了。

He is the very best we have ever had.他是我们拥有的最好的球员。

6、最高级结构句式:

(1)the+最高级+名+介词

例:You are the best of all the workers.你是最好的工人。

(2)适义动词be+(the)最高级

例:The traffic is busiest at this moment.此刻的交通是最繁忙的。

(3)最高级+n+but one表“第二最……”

例:Tom is the coolest boy but one in the class.在班上,汤姆是第二酷的男孩。

(4)a most+adj/adv=a very……

例:Their experience is a most dangerous one.他们的经历是十分危险的。

(5)the last+n+范围

例:He is the last person I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。

She is the last woman in the world to tell a lie.她是一个绝不会撒谎的人(6)固定短语中使用:

例:at most最多 at least 最少

at worst 最坏not in the least一点也不

副词的分类和位置(2)

3.频度副词在否定句中的位置

在否定句中,有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently);有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously,均含有“连续不断”之意),;有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often):He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。

She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesn’t)

He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。

1.频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。如

他们不常开这样的晚会。

正:They don’t often hold such parties.

正:We usually don’t get up before nine on Sundays.

2. 频度副词always总是位于否定词之后,不可位于否定句之前。如:

Things are not always what they seem to be.

Silence must not always be read as consent.

3. 频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前,不可位于否定词之后。如:

Jim is sometimes not very punctual.

五、程度副词

1.程度副词的特点

程度副词用于表示程度,常见的有 fairly(公平地;诚实地), pretty(相当), rather(在一定的程度上;相当), quite(完全地;整体地;十分地;同意;不错;对的), very(完全;非常;

十分;极), much(十分;差不多;几乎), too(太;再), greatly(大大地;非常), almost(几乎;差不多;差一点;将近), nearly(几乎;差不多), half(一半), highly(高度地;极;非常;非常赞许地), awfully(<口>恶劣地;令人嫌恶地<古>令人畏惧地), deeply(在深处;到深处;强烈地;深刻地;精心地;巧妙地), partly(部分地;不完全地;在一定的程度上), perfectly(完美地;理想地;完全地;十足地), really(真正地;确实地;实际地;很;十分;全然)等。

2.程度副词的用法注意点

(1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等):

Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。

This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。

【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级,但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。

(2)有的程度副词(如almost,barely,enough,hardly,just,(a)little,much,ne arly,quite,rather,really和scarcely。除了much以外,其他的都可位于主要动词之前,与频度副词的用法相同)可修饰动词,但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词:

I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)

We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)

3. 程度副词在句中的位置

1.程度副词用在实义动词前,Be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。

I could hardly believe it.

我几乎不能相信它。

2.程度副词用在形容词或副词前,enough除外。

He drives very carefully.

He is old enough to go to school.

3.程度副词much(…得多),even(更加)可在形容词或副词的比较级之前作修饰语。

This question is much more difficult than that one.

Canada is even larger than the United States.

六、连接副词

1.连接副词的分类

连接副词可分为两类,一类是用于连接句子或从句,常见的有therefore(因此;为此;所以), besides(而且;还有), however, moreover(此外;而且), still(仍然;依旧;还是), thus(如此;这样), meanwhile(同时;其间)等;另一类是用于引导从句或不定式,主要的有when(什么时候), why(为什么), where(在哪里), how(怎么样)等。

2.连接句子或从句的连接副词

其性质类似于并列连词,使用时其前通常用分号或句号;若其前用逗号,则通常带有并列连词(如and):

I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它,而且也太贵了。

We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.

注意,有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外,这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末:

He may, however, come later. 不过,他也许一会儿就到。

Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides.

彼特是我们最小的孩子,我们另外还有三个。

3.引导从句和不定式的连接副词

用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等:

Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。

I don’t know how I can find him. / I don’t know how to find him.

Where to get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。

【注】连接副词why 后不能接不定式,如可说 I don’t know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开),但不能说 I don’t know why to leave。

七、关系副词

1.关系副词的特点

关系副词用于引出定语从句,主要有when(什么时候), where(在哪里), why(为什么):Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。

That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。

Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗?

【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。

2.使用关系副词的注意点

(1) how 不能用作关系副词,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式:

他说话就是那个样子。

误:This is the way how he spoke.

正:This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.

(2)关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,但why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句,可用for which re

ason)。

(3)引导定语从句时,when 的先行词为时间,where的先行词为地点,why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason),但是反过来却不一定:

Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

This is the house (that) he bought recently. 这就是他最近买的那座房子。

Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。

八、疑问副词

1.疑问副词的特点

疑问副词有when(什么时间), where(在那里), why(为什么), how(怎么样)等,用于引出特殊疑问句:

Where do you come from? 你是哪里人?

2.两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句:

Where do you think he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了?

Do you know when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗?

上面第一句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成Do you think where he has gone? When do you know he will come? 其区别是:可以用 yes 或 no 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中,即主句之后),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等;不能用 yes 或 no 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess 等。

3.使用疑问副词的注意点

(1)疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时,其后应接一般疑问句,但有时可有所省略:

Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵?

Why not ask the teacher? / Why don’t you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢?

【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形,不接带to不定式,主要用于现在或将来,不用于过去,如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didn’t you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)

(2)有时两个疑问副词连用:

When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地?

九、句子副词

1.句子副词的特点

句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词),反映说话人的观点和看法,如 actually(实际上;实在地;确实), certainly(无疑地;确定地), clearly(明亮地;明净地;明确地;清楚地;

学生签字:___________________日期:__________________

显然地;无疑地), definitely (明确地;确切地;一定地;肯定地), evidently (明显地;显然地), fortunately (幸运地;幸亏), frankly (坦诚地), honestly (诚实地;正直地;坦诚地;实在地), luckily (幸运地), obviously (显然地;明白地), perhaps (或许;大概;可能), p ossibly (可能地;也许;或许), probably (或许;大概;可能), surely (想必;谅必;稳当地;确实地;踏实地), undoubtedly (的确地), unexpectedly (未料到地;意外地) 等。

2. 句子副词在句中的位置

句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首):

Obviously he can ’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。 I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了,幸而会议推迟了。 但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中:

He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn ’t.

他发出狞笑,他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。

有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词,不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化:

Clearly he didn ’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)

He didn ’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)

Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的,你错了。(句子副词)

He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)

课堂回顾

课后学生

作业布置(手写)

教师课后赏识评价 (手写)

在课上老师最赏识的是:

在下次课老师最希望你改正的是:

专题二 第二讲 形容词和副词

[综合演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2019·河南部分重点中学联考)She selflessly (selfless) covered her own coat around his shoulders. 2.(2019·河南八市重点高中质检)He gave me one thing I had lost completely (complete): hope. 3.(2019·湖北沙市中学模拟)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are more_meaningful (meaningful) things to do. 4.(2019·广东佛山模拟)Films, books, magazines, etc. give us daily (day) amusement. 5.(2019·湖南桃江一中模拟)In some crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it. 6.(2019·河南南阳一中模拟)For example, it is thought that many physical problems and other conditions are made worse (bad) by an increased level of stress. 7.(2019·山东桓台二中模拟)Most computer applications are in English, so you will understand them better (good). 8.(2019·广东清远模拟)The better we get into good eating habits, the happier (happy) our life will become. 9.(2019·江西五市八校联考)The water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes (中纬度) for abundant (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year. 10.(2019·山东师大附中模拟)Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was probably just another patient to her, to me she was more (much) than just my doctor. Ⅱ.单句改错 1.(2019·河北邯郸模拟)However, just several days late, I began to feel tired and couldn't concentrate in class. ,I began to feel tired and couldn't concentrate in 答案:However, just several days late later class. 2.(2019·河南郑州模拟)Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly. . 答案:Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly calm 3.(2019·陕西西安长安一中模拟)The more I learn English, the easy it becomes. it becomes. 答案:The more I learn English, the easy easier 4.(2019·山东桓台二中模拟)Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. than mine, he had more toys than I did. 答案:Since his family was rich richer

形容词和副词的比较级(2)

21.【2019 ?湖南省湘西州】—Do you know that China is one of countries in the world?—Yes,I do. It's much _______ than the US. A. the oldest;older B. old;older C. older;older 22.【2019 ?岳阳市】Tina is as ________ as her sister Tara. A. outgoing B. more outgoing C. the most outgoing 23.【2019 ?镇江市】Because of the flood, there are _________ tourists in that ancient town this year than last year. A. more B. most C. fewer D. fewest 24.【2019 ?甘肃省天水市】—What do you think of the environment in your hometown? —It's Both the air and the water are badly polluted. A.not bad B.as good as before C.much better than before D.not as good as before 25.【2019 ?广西贵港市】—Frank has changed a lot,hasn't he? —Yes.He is much ______________ because he exercises every day. A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.the strongest 26.【2019 ?广西河池市】Linda is ___ of the three girls, but she is the tallest. A.young B.Younger C.youngest D.the youngest 27.【2019 ?广西柳州市】Peter studies ______________ of all the students in his class. A. hard B. harder C. hardest 28.【2019 ?贵州黔南州、黔西南、黔东南】Does the dish taste as as it looks?A.well B.best C.good D.better 29.【2019 ?海南省】Shanghai has a ______ population than that in many other cities.A.large B.larger C.largest 30.【2019 ?湖北省黄石市】—Do you know Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge(港珠澳大桥)?—Yes,it is ____ cross-sea bridge in the world. A. the longer B. longest C. the longest D. longer 31.【2019 ?湖南省邵阳市】—Shaoyang has changed a lot in the past few years. —Yes.It is getting_________. A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest

专题三——形容词与副词(副词)

专题三形容词与副词——副词 一、副词的基本用法 1、什么是副词? (1)定义:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。 (2)分类:时间副词(now, today, early, sometimes, already等);地点副词(outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home等);方式副词(quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily等); 程度副词(very, quite, rather, too, much, so等);疑问副词(when, where, why, how, how long, how often等);关系副词(when, where, why, how等) 2、怎么用副词? (1)用法: 时间副词——确定句子时态的重要标志,牢固掌握不同时态的时间状语。如: Lucy went to school yesterday.(一般过去时时间状语) She has already arrived there.(现在完成时时间状语) 地点副词——与动词连用时不加介词。如: I must go home now.(不是go to home)That boy rushed upstairs.(不是rushed to upstairs)方式副词——大多数由“形容词+ly”构成。(构词法)如: happy—happily bad—badly quick—quickly easy—easily 程度副词——有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级,有些能修饰形容词比较级。如:Jessica is a very beautiful woman. This bag is much better than that one. 疑问副词——用来构成特殊疑问句。如: When is your mother’s birthday? Where is your home? 关系副词——用来引导从句,如:He works in a bank where there is no money. (2)位置: 地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放句末。如: I will wait for you here. Can you meet me tomorrow? Please speak loudly. <注>当强调时间状语时,可以把时间副词放在句首。如: Tomorrow I will meet you. 程度副词修饰动词时,放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实动词之前。如: She is too young. I really like that boy. 修饰形容词、副词时,放在被修饰词前面。如: Harbin is a very big city.(修饰形容词)He studies much harder now. (修饰副词)<注>只有enough特殊,放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。如: He runs fast enough. (3)形近副词辨析 ★close & closely close“接近”closely“仔细地” He is sitting close to me.“他挨着我坐着。”I watch him closely.“我仔细地打量他。” ★late & lately late“晚”lately“最近” Don’t go to school too late.“上学别太晚了。” Is there anything new lately?“最近有什么新消息么?” ★deep & deeply

(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)

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