单词的检索与计数教材

英语六级高频词汇速查手册使用说明1. 本手册共分为20个单元，每个单元包含20个单词。

考生可按照单元顺序进行，也可根据自己的需求和进度进行选择。

2. 每个单词下方列出了其音标、中文释义、英文释义以及例句。

音标有助于考生正确发音，中文和英文释义帮助考生理解单词含义，例句则展示了单词在实际语境中的用法。

3. 单词按照首字母顺序排列，方便考生查找。

同时，每个单元结束后提供了单词测试，帮助考生巩固所学内容。

4. 建议考生在每个单元的过程中，充分利用单词卡片、默写、造句等方法进行巩固，以提高记忆效果。

5. 本手册可作为考生日常、复的工具书，也可作为考前冲刺的参考资料。

词汇速查以下是高频词汇速查手册的完整内容，考生可按需查找和。

1. abandon [əˈbændən]- 放弃- She abandoned her career to raise her children.2. ability [əˈbɪlɪti]- 能力- He has the ability to succeed.3. abnormal [əˈnɔːmbəl]- 异常的- An abnormal growth was detected in the tumor.4. aboard [əˈbɔːrd]- 在船（车、飞机）上- We boarded the plane and took our seats.5. abolish [əˈbɑːlɪʃ]- 废除- The government abolished slavery in the 19th century.6. n [əˈbɔːrʃn]- 流产- She had an n and never recovered from the nal trauma.7. about [əˈbaʊt]- 关于；大约- I don't know anything about the meeting.8. above [əˈbʌv]- 在...上面- The plane was flying above the clouds.9. abroad [əˈbrɔːd]- 在国外- He went abroad to study.10. absence [əˈsɛns]- 缺席；缺少- He was absent from the meeting due to illness.11. absolute [ˈæbsəluːt]- 绝对的；完全的- He has an absolute right to freedom of speech.12. absorb [əˈsɔːrb]- 吸收- The sponge absorbed water.13. abstract [ˈæbstrækt]- 抽象的；摘要- He presented an abstract of his research findings.14. absurd [əˈsɜːrd]- 荒谬的；荒唐的- The idea that the Earth is flat is absurd.15. abundance [əˈbʌndəns]- 丰富；充裕- There is an abundance of wildlife in the forest.16. abuse [əˈbjuːs]- 滥用；虐待- Drug abuse is a us problem in society.17. academic [ˌækəˈdɛmɪk]- 学术的；大学的- She is an academic specializing in English literature.18. accelerate [əkˈsɛləreɪt]- 加速- The car accelerated and left us behind.19. accent [ˈæksɛnt]- 口音；重音- He has a strong French accent.20. accept [əkˈsɛpt]- 接受- She accepted the job offer.（更多词汇请参考完整版手册）希望本《高频词汇速查手册》能帮助广大考生提高词汇水平，顺利通过考试！。

软件综合课程设计文本文件单词的检索与计数实时监控报警系统二〇一四年六月文本文件单词的检索与计数1．问题陈述要求编程建立一个文本文件，每个单词不包含空格且不跨行，单词由字符序列构成且区分大小写；统计给定单词在文本文件中出现的总次数；检索输出某个单词出现在文本中的行号、在该行中出现的次数以及位置。

该设计要求可分为三个部分实现：其一，建立文本文件，文件名由用户用键盘输入；其二，给定单词的计数，输入一个不含空格的单词，统计输出该单词在文本中的出现次数；其三，检索给定单词，输入一个单词，检索并输出该单词所在的行号、该行中出现的次数以及在该行中的相应位置。

（1）.建立文本文件（2）给定单词的计数（3）检索单词出现在文本文件中的行号、次数及其位置（4）主控菜单程序的结构①头文件包含②菜单选项包含建立文件、单词定位、单词计数、退出程序③选择1-4执行相应的操作，其他字符为非法。

2．程序代码#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>#include<iostream>#define MaxStrSize 256 //根据用户需要自己定义大小using namespace std;typedef struct {char ch[MaxStrSize]; //ch是一个可容纳256个字符的字符数组int length;} SString;//定义顺序串类型int PartPosition (SString s1,SString s2,int k){ int i,j;i=k-1;//扫描s1的下标，因为c中数组下标是从0开始，串中序号相差1 j=0;//扫描s2的开始下标while(i<s1.length && j<s2.length){if(s1.ch[i]==s2.ch[j]){ i++;j++; //继续使下标移向下一个字符位置}else{i=i-j+1; j=0;} }if (j>=s2.length)return i-s2.length;elsereturn -1;//表示s1中不存在s2，返回-1//表示s1中存在s2，返回其起始位置} //函数结束void CreatTextFile(){SString S;char fname[10],yn;FILE *fp;printf("输入要建立的文件名：");scanf("%s",fname);fp=fopen(fname,"w");yn='n';//输入结束标志初值while(yn=='n'||yn=='N'){printf("请输入一行文本：");gets(S.ch);gets(S.ch);S.length=strlen(S.ch);fwrite(&S,S.length,1,fp);fprintf(fp,"%c",10);//是输入换行printf("结束输入吗？y or n ：");yn=getchar();}fclose(fp);//关闭文件printf("建立文件结束!");}void SubStrCount(){FILE *fp;SString S,T;//定义两个串变量char fname[10];int i=0,j,k;printf("输入文本文件名：");scanf("%s",fname);fp=fopen(fname,"r");printf("输入要统计计数的单词：");cin>>T.ch;T.length=strlen(T.ch);while(!feof(fp)){ //扫描整个文本文件// fread(&S.ch,1,sizeof(S),fp);//读入一行文本 memset(S.ch,'\0',256);fgets(S.ch,100,fp);S.length=strlen(S.ch);k=0; //初始化开始检索位置while(k<S.length-1) //检索整个主串S{j=PartPosition(S,T,k);//调用串匹配函数if(j<0 ) break;else {i++;//单词计数器加1k=j+T.length;//继续下一字串的检索 }}}printf("\n单词%s在文本文件%s中共出现%d次\n",T.ch,fname,i);}//统计单词出现的个数void SubStrInd(){ FILE *fp;SString S,T; //定义两个串变量char fname[10];int i,j,k,l,m;int wz[20]; //存放一行中字串匹配的多个位置printf("输入文本文件名：");scanf("%s",fname);fp=fopen(fname,"r");printf("输入要检索的单词：");scanf("%s",T.ch);T.length=strlen(T.ch);l=0; //行计数器置0while(!feof(fp)) { //扫描整个文本文件//fread(&S,sizeof(S),1,fp); //读入一行文本memset(S.ch,'\0',256);fgets(S.ch,256,fp);S.length=strlen(S.ch);l++; //行计数器自增1k=0;//初始化开始检索位置i=0; //初始化单词计数器while(k<S.length-1) //检索整个主串S{ j=PartPosition(S,T,k); //调用串匹配函数if(j<0) break;else {i++;//单词计数器加1wz[i]=j;//记录匹配单词位置k=j+T.length;//继续下一字串检索}}if(i>0){ printf("行号：%d,次数：%d,位置分别为：",l,i);for(m=1;m<=i;m++) printf("%4d",wz[m]+1);printf("\n");}}}//检索单词出现在文本文件中的行号、次数及其位置int main(){ void CreatTextFile(),SubStrCount(),SubStrInd();int xz;do {printf("* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * *\n");printf("*文本文件的检索、字串的统计及定位*\n");printf("* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * *\n");printf("* 1. 建立文本文件*\n");printf("* 2. 单词字串的计数*\n");printf("* 3. 单词字串的定位*\n");printf("* 4. 退出整个程序*\n");printf("* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * *\n");printf(" 请选择(1--4) ");scanf("%d",&xz);switch(xz) {case 1 : CreatTextFile();break;case 2 : SubStrCount();break;case 3 : SubStrInd();break;case 4 : return 0;default:printf("选择错误，重新选\n");}}while(1);}3．运行结果4．设计体会与总结我的课程设计题目是文本文件单词的检索与计数。

工业生物技术专业英语词汇索引来源：教材textA,B 汇编：光哥说明：分汉译英，英译汉两部分，均按序垂直排列。

地名及过长词组的部分单词未列出；由于教材的编排，部分单词重复出现；多音导致排序时“粘”“重”排到了“Z”部分。

一，汉译英二，英译汉（生长）期phase Cordial 加香料，加糖酒1,2-丙二醇1,2-propanediol pH scale pH标定1,2-乙二醇1,2-ethanediol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-乙二醇1,3-丙二醇1,3-propanediol 1,2-propanediol 1,2-丙二醇1-丙醇1-propanol 1,3-propanediol 1,3-丙二醇2-丁醇2-butanol 1-propanol 1-丙醇3-氯-1丙醇3-chloro-1propanol 2-butanol 2-丁醇4,4-二甲基-2戊醇 4,4-dimethyl-2-pen…3-chloro-1propanol 3-氯-1丙醇4-甲基-1-戊醇4-methyl-1-pentanol 4,4-dimethyl-2-pen…4,4-二甲基-2戊醇DNA连接酶DNA ligase 4-methyl-1-pentanol 4-甲基-1-戊醇DNA序列分析DNA sequence analysis A.A.niger 黑曲霉IUPAC International Union of Pure and Chemistry abiogenesis 非生源说pH标定Ph scale absolute specificity 绝对专一性RNA聚合酶RNA polymerase acclimation time 适应期A.阿拉伯糖arabinose accounting 会计爱尔啤酒ale accumulate 积累氨基甲酸酯carbamates Acetyl coenzyme A 乙酰辅酶A氨基转移酶transaminase acetylation 乙酰化B.白兰地brandy acidity 酸度白细胞介素2 interleukin2 aconitase 顺乌头酸酶半好养的semiaerobic actinomycete 放线菌半乳糖galactose actinomycetes 放线菌半乳糖galactose activator 激活剂半乳糖醛酸羧基galacturonic acid carboxyl residues adsorption 吸附半纤维素hemicellulose Aerobic 好氧菌的半纤维素酶hemicellulase aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸棒状杆菌属Corynebacterium affinity chromatography 亲和色谱饱和的saturated agar slant 琼脂斜面菌种保持在stands at aggregate 聚集体保险insurance agitator 搅拌器苯基尿酶phenylureas alcohol 醇苯氧基乙酸phenoxyacetates aldehydes 醛边缘ledge ale 爱尔啤酒变质,腐败spoilage alfalfa 紫花苜蓿丙二醇propylene alkane 烷丙酮酸pyruvic acid amidases 酰胺酶丙酮酸的pyruvate aminotransferase 转氨酶病原性pathogenicity ampicillin resistant 抗氨苄青霉素补料的fed-batch amylase 淀粉酶不可回收的non-retractable amylase 淀粉酶不溶的insoluble amyloglucosidase 淀粉葡萄糖苷酶部分segment analyser 粗馏塔C.残余物r esidual ancestral 祖先的操纵基因operator gene anchorage 停泊处操纵子operons anhydrous ethanol 无水乙醇槽trough animal cell culture 动物细胞培养草酸的oxaloacetate anion 阴离子插入insertion antibiotic resistance 抗生素抗性插入点insertion site anti-inferon 抗干扰素插入钝化insertion inactivation antiserum 抗血清产物product apoenzyme 酶蛋白产物大量形成bulk of product formation apo-repressor 脱辅基阻遏子超滤ultrafiltration aquatic flora 水生植物群沉淀precipitation aqueous ethanol 含水酒精陈化maturation arabinose 阿拉伯糖成熟啤酒mellowed beer archaebacteria 古细菌澄清的clarified aroma 芳香除草剂herbicides aseptic 无菌的穿梭般运输shuttle assess the effect of.. 评估污染…串，簇cluster at the onset of infection 一旦感染上纯化purification at the peak of growth 在生长的最高峰醇alcohol attach 连接次级代谢产物secondary metabolites attemperation 温度调节粗馏塔purifying columns attenuated 衰减的粗馏塔analyser azeotropic 共沸混合物的簇生的clustered B.Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌萃取extraction backbone 骨架萃取strip bacteriophage 噬菌体D.大肠杆菌Escherichia coli baffle 挡板大麦barley barley 大麦代谢的metabolic basicity 碱度带滤板的糖化槽mash tun batch distillation 分批蒸馏贷方credit bearing 轴承单糖monosaccharide beet 甜菜单元操作unit operation berry 浆果蛋白酶protease binomial scientific names 双名制蛋白质外壳protein coat bioactive compounds 生物活性物质蛋白质修饰protein modifications biocrude 生物原料氮nitrogen biodegradation 生物降解挡板baffle biodiesel 生物柴油低温的cryogenic bioelement 生物元素电泳electrophoresis biofuels 生物燃料电子传递electron transport biogenesis 生源说淀粉starch biological oxygen demend 生物耗氧量淀粉酶amylase bioremediation 生物治理淀粉酶amylase blending 混合，调配淀粉葡萄糖苷酶amyloglucosidase blood products 血制品淀粉糖化酶giucoamylase bottom fermentation 下面发酵叠焊连接over-lapping joint brandy 白兰地丁醇butyl alcohol breakdown 分解动物界kingdom animalia Brevibacterium 短杆菌属动物细胞培养animal cell culture bulk of product formation 产物大量形成冻干lyophilization butter fat 牛脂豆科植物legumes butt-welded joint 对焊连接短杆菌属Brevibacterium butyl alcohol 丁醇对焊连接butt-welded joint by-product 副产物对数生长期exponential growth phase C.calcium 钙钝化inactive calcium phosphate 磷酸钙多孔板perforated plate calcium sulphate 硫酸钙多顺反子polycistronic cane 甘蔗多糖polysaccharide capital investment 资金总额多样性diversity carbamates 氨基甲酸酯E.二吡啶d i-pyridinium carbohydrases 糖酶二次煮出法double decoction carbohydrate 碳水化合物二甲亚砜dimethylsulfoxide carbon chain 碳链二磷酸diphosphate carbon dioxide 二氧化碳二硫物dithioates carbon dioxide evolution二氧化碳上涌二糖disaccharide Carbonic anhydrase 碳的脱水酶二氧化碳carbon dioxide casein 酪蛋白二氧化碳上涌carbon dioxide evolution cassava 木薯F.发酵废液spent culture catabolic 分解代谢的发酵罐fermenter catabolite repression 分解代谢抑制发酵罐（体积）fermenter productivity cation 阳离子发酵周期fermentation cycle cationic resin 阳离子交换树脂发芽germinate cell lines 细胞株翻译translate cell suspension 细胞悬浮液翻译后的post-translational cellobiose 纤维二塘反馈feedback cellulase 纤维素酶反式消去酶transeliminase cellulose 纤维素反应物reactant cellulose 纤维素芳香aroma cement 结合剂防冻的cryoprotective charcoal 木炭放射活性标记的radioactively labelled probe chemical bonds 化学键放线菌actinomycetes chemical equation 化学方程式放线菌actinomycete chemical oxygen demand 化学耗氧量非还原性的nonreducing chemically defined media 基本培养基非生源说abiogenesis chemo-organotrophs 有机化能营养菌非致病菌Non pathogenic cherry 樱桃废水处理waste water treatment chilling 冷却分步沉淀fractional precipitation chromatography 色谱分解dismantle chromosomal 染色体的分解breakdown circular movement 循环运动分解代谢的catabolic circulation 循环分解代谢抑制catabolite repression citric acid 柠檬酸分批蒸馏batch distillation clarified 澄清的分子式formula clinical study 临床研究风味zest cloning 克隆封闭系统closed system closed system 封闭系统孵卵incubation clump 菌团伏特加vodka cluster 串，簇符号symbol clustered 簇生的辅酶coenzyme coenzyme 辅酶辅阻遏物co-repressor coil 盘管腐蚀，腐烂decay collagenase 胶原酶附加福利fringe benefit colony hybridization 菌落原位杂交复制子replicon column 塔，柱副产物by-product common name 普通命名法富马酸fumaric acid compound 化合物G.钙 calcium compound gin 配制金酒干扰素interferon concentration 浓度甘露糖mannose conducive 有助于甘蔗cane conical bottom fermenters锥底发酵罐感染infect consensus 一致，保守高产high output constitutively 组成型高度专一吸附剂highly specific absorbent cooling coil 冷却蛇管高果糖浆high fructose corn syrup cooling jacket 冷却夹套高温分解pyrolysis co-repressor 辅阻遏物革兰阳性的Gram-positive Corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属格兰阴性的Gram negative covalent 共价的工业发酵过程industrial fermentation process covalent bonds 共价键工业级酒精industrial-quality ethanol credit 贷方工作容积operational volume cryogenic 低温的公用设施utilities cryoprotective 防冻的功能性基团functional group crystallization 结晶共沸混合物的azeotropic crystallize 结晶共价的covalent cumbersome 麻烦的共价键covalent bonds cylindro-conical 圆筒锥底的古细菌archaebacteria D.dairy industry 乳品工业谷氨酸发酵glutamic acid fermentation deacetylbaccatin 脱酰赤霉素骨架backbone deaminases 脱氨基酶固定成本fixed cost debit 收方寡糖oligosaccharide debris 碎片管理supervision decarboxylation 脱羧基罐壁vessel wall decay 腐蚀，腐烂轨道orbital decoction 煮出果胶甲基酯化酶pectin methyl esterase deductive 演绎的果胶酶pectinase dehydrogenation 脱氢果酒白兰地fruit brandy depletion of oxygen耗尽氧气果糖fructose depolymerizing 解聚酶过滤filtration depreciation 折旧H.含水酒精aqueous ethanol deproteinized 脱蛋白乳清航空燃料jet fuel desmolase 碳链裂解酶好氧菌的Aerobic determinant 决定子耗尽氧气depletion of oxygen dextrin 糊精合成synthesis dextrin 糊精核苷转移酶transglycosidase dextrinase 糊精酶核酸酶nucleases diarrhea 痢疾核酸内切酶endonuclease diesel 煤油核糖ribose dilute acid 稀酸核糖体ribosome dimethylsulfoxide 二甲亚砜黑曲霉 A.niger diphosphate 二磷酸呼吸respiration di-pyridinium 二吡啶糊化gelatinize direct operation cost 直接生产成本糊精dextrin disaccharide 二糖糊精dextrin dismantle 分解糊精酶dextrinase dissolution 解离琥珀酸succinic acid distillate 蒸馏物琥珀酰succinyl distillation 蒸馏互相拥抱,包含embraces distillation 蒸馏化合物compound distilled spirit 蒸馏酒化石燃料fossil dithioates 二硫物化学方程式chemical equation divergent 有分歧的化学耗氧量chemical oxygen demand diversity 多样性化学键chemical bonds DNA ligase DNA连接酶化学键专一性linkage specificity DNA sequence analysis DNA序列分析还原reduction double decoction 二次煮出法还原剂reducing agent drainage 排放黄单胞杆菌Xanthomonas E.electron transport 电子传递挥发性的volatile electrophoresis 电泳挥发性有机物volatile organic compound element 元素会计accounting eluate 洗出液桧属植物juniper elution 洗脱混合，调配blending embraces 互相拥抱,包含活塞流反应器plug flow reactor endonuclease 核酸内切酶J.积累accumulate endospore 内生孢子基本培养基chemically defined media end-product repression 最终产物阻遏基因定位mapping enolase 烯醇化酶基因组genome enzymatic 酶作用的激活剂activator Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌寄生虫parasites esterases 酯化酶寄主细胞host esterfy 酯化加班overtime ethylene 乙醇加仑gallons ethylene 乙二醇加香料，加糖酒Cordial Eubacteria 真细菌类甲醇methyl alcohol explant 移植甲醇基methanol group exponential growth phase 对数生长期甲基汞methylmercury extinguish 熄灭甲基转移酶transmethylase extraction萃取钾potassium F.fed-batch 补料的监视，监督surveillance feedback 反馈碱度basicity feedstocks 原料浆slurry fermentation cycle 发酵周期浆果berry fermenter 发酵罐交换型树脂resin column fermenter productivity 发酵罐（体积）胶原酶collagenase filamentous 丝状的搅拌器agitator filtration 过滤搅拌轴stirrer shaft fixed cost 固定成本搅拌装置stirring gear flat vertical paddles 平叶式搅拌桨窖kiln flavour 口味接受水体receiving water flocculate 凝聚接种seed formula 分子式接种培养物inoculated culture fossil 化石燃料结合unit fractional precipitation 分步沉淀结合剂cement fragment 片段结晶crystallize fringe benefit 附加福利结晶crystallization fructose 果糖解聚酶depolymerizing fruit brandy 果酒白兰地解离dissolution fumarase 延胡索酸酶金酒Gin fumaric acid 富马酸金属有机物organometallics functional group 功能性基团进入的酒缪incoming wash fungi 真菌浸出infusion fusion proteins 融合蛋白浸出糖化法infusion mashing G.galactose 半乳糖浸没式蛇管submerged coils galactose 半乳糖浸泡soak galacturonase 聚半乳糖醛酸酶精馏rectifying galacturonic acid carboxyl residues 半乳糖醛酸羧基精馏塔rectifier gallons 加仑精制refine gasoline 汽油精制polishing gel filtration 凝胶过滤酒花糟spent hops gelatinize 糊化聚半乳糖醛酸酶galacturonase general expenses 一般性费用聚芳香物的polyaromatic genome 基因组聚集体aggregate germinate发芽决定子determinant Gin 金酒绝对专一性absolute specificity ginseng 人参均匀混合的反应器homegeneously mixed reactor giucoamylase 淀粉糖化酶均质化homegenization glocosylation 糖苷化菌落原位杂交colony hybridization glucanase 葡聚糖酶菌丝体的mycelial glucanase 葡聚糖酶菌团clump glucanases 葡聚糖酶K.开放体系open system glucoamylase 葡萄糖淀粉酶抗氨苄青霉素ampicillin resistant glucose 葡萄糖抗干扰素anti-inferon glucose isomerase 葡萄糖异构酶抗生素抗性antibiotic resistance glutamic acid fermentation 谷氨酸发酵抗四环素基因tetracycline resistantance glycogen 糖原抗血清antiserum glycol 脂肪族二元醇类可变成本variable cost glycolysis 糖酵解可测量性scalability glycolytic pathway 糖酵解途径可诱导的inducible glycosidic linkage 糖苷键连接可转化的transformable grain solid 麦糟克隆cloning Gram negative 格兰阴性的口服疫苗oral vaccination Gram-positive 革兰阳性的口味flavour green malt 绿麦芽枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis growth curve 生长曲线L.朗姆酒 rum growth-associated product 与生长偶联的产物酪蛋白casein guanosine 鸟嘌呤核苷冷却chilling H.having smaller mash depth 糖化缪厚度较小冷却夹套cooling jacket head 头酒冷却蛇管cooling coil heavy dependence on host cell完全依赖寄主细胞离子交换色谱ion-exchange chromatography hemicellulase 半纤维素酶李plum hemicellulose 半纤维素立体的steric hepatitis B 乙型肝炎立体异构stereochemical herbicides 除草剂利息interest high fructose corn syrup 高果糖浆痢疾diarrhea high output 高产连接attach highly specific absorbent 高度专一吸附剂连接酶ligase homegeneously mixed reactor均匀混合的反应器炼油厂oil refineries homegenization 均质化链霉菌属Streptomyces horizontal disc 水平安装的圆盘链霉素streptomycin host 寄主细胞烈性酒liqueur hybrid 杂交子临床研究clinical study hydrogen 氢磷phosphorus hydrolazate 水解物磷酸变位酶phosphomutase hydrolyze水解磷酸钙calcium phosphate hydroxyl 羟基磷酸化phosphorylation hydroxylase 羟化酶磷酸化phosphorylation hype 皮下注射磷酸转移酶transphosphorylase I.identification 识别流出，外流outflow immunoaffinity 免疫亲和流出的…run-off immunological reagent 免疫试剂流经一次single pass in the sodium form 钠型硫sulfur inactive 钝化硫酸钙calcium sulphate incoming wash 进入的酒缪绿麦芽green malt increment增加M.麻烦的cumbersome incubation 孵卵麦芽糖maltose inducible 可诱导的麦糟grain solid induction 诱导麦汁wort inductive 诱发的麦汁煮沸锅kettle industrial fermentation process 工业发酵过程煤油diesel industrial-quality ethanol 工业级酒精酶蛋白apoenzyme infect 感染酶作用的enzymatic infusion 浸出棉子糖raffinose infusion mashing 浸出糖化法免疫亲和immunoaffinity initiation 起始免疫试剂immunological reagent inoculated culture 接种培养物灭菌sterilization inorganic compound 无机化合物命名的nomenclature insertion 插入磨polish insertion inactivation 插入钝化木薯cassava insertion site 插入点木炭charcoal insoluble 不溶的木糖xylose insurance 保险木糖酶xylanase interest 利息木质素lignin interferon 干扰素木质素lignin interleukin2 白细胞介素2木质纤维素lignocellulosic intermediate compounds 中间产物木质纤维素的lignocellulosic intermediates 中间产物N.内含子i ntron intracellular growth 细胞内生长内生孢子endospore intron 内含子钠sodium ion-exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱钠型in the sodium form iron 铁耐热的thermostable isinglass 鱼胶逆转录酶reverse transcriptase isocitric acid 异柠檬酸酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomer 异构体鸟嘌呤核苷guanosine isomerase异构酶尿酸盐urate isomerase 异构酶尿酸氧化酶uricase isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇柠檬酸citric acid J.jet fuel 航空燃料凝胶过滤gel filtration juniper 桧属植物凝聚flocculate K.kegged 桶装的凝乳酶rennin ketoglutarate 酮戊二酸的牛脂butter fat ketoglutaric acid 酮戊二酸农药pesticides ketones 酮浓度concentration kettle 麦汁煮沸锅浓度strength kiln 窖P.排放drainage kilobase pair 千碱基对盘管coil kingdom animalia 动物界配制金酒compound gin kingdom mycetae 真菌界喷嘴spray jet kingdom plantae 植物界皮下注射hype kingdom procaryotae 原核生物界片段fragment ctase 乳糖酶平形底发酵罐vertical bottom fermenters lactose 乳糖平叶式搅拌桨flat vertical paddles lager 贮藏啤酒评估污染…assess the effect of..on.. lauter tun 糖化槽苹果酸malic acid ledge 边缘破裂rupture leftover 剩货，残余物葡聚糖酶glucanase legumes 豆科植物葡聚糖酶glucanases ligase 连接酶葡聚糖酶glucanase ligated plasmid mixture重新连接的质粒葡萄糖glucose lignin 木质素葡萄糖淀粉酶glucoamylase lignin 木质素葡萄糖异构酶glucose isomerase lignocellulosic 木质纤维素普通命名法common name lignocellulosic 木质纤维素的Q.启动子p romoter limewater 石灰水起点start sites lipase 脂肪酶汽车燃料motor fuel lipoprotein 脂蛋白汽油gasoline liqueur 烈性酒器官培养organ culture lubrication 润滑千碱基对kilobase pair lyophilization 冻干羟化酶hydroxylase M.malic acid 苹果酸羟基hydroxyl maltose 麦芽糖亲和色谱affinity chromatography mannose 甘露糖氢hydrogen manufacturing cost 制造成本清洗rinsing mapping基因定位琼脂斜面菌种agar slant mash 糖化谬取代基命名法substitutive mash filter 糖化缪过滤器醛aldehydes mash tun 带滤板的糖化槽R.染色体的chromosomal maturation 陈化人参ginseng mellowed beer 成熟啤酒溶解性好的麦芽well-modified malt metabolic 代谢的溶质solute methanol group 甲醇基融合蛋白fusion proteins methyl alcohol 甲醇乳品工业dairy industry methylmercury 甲基汞乳清whey microbial strain 微生物菌株乳糖lactose microorganism 微生物乳糖酶lactase milky 乳状的乳状的milky mineral 无机盐化合物润滑lubrication molasses 糖蜜S.三羧酸的tricarboxylic Monera 原生生物界三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle monosaccharide 单糖三糖trisaccharide motor fuel 汽车燃料三亚甲基二醇trimethylene mycelial 菌丝体的散弹枪式克隆shotgun cloning N.neutral spirit 中性酒精色谱chromatography neutrality 中性上面发酵top fermentation neutralization 中和上清液supernatant new beer 新啤酒上行upflow nitrogen 氮生产菌种producer microorganism nomenclature 命名的生产量production volume Non pathogenic 非致病菌生产能力production capacity nonreducing 非还原性的生长曲线growth curve non-retractable 不可回收的生物柴油biodiesel nucleases 核酸酶生物耗氧量biological oxygen demend O.obligate 专性的生物活性物质bioactive compounds obscure 使模糊不清生物降解biodegradation oderless 无臭的生物燃料biofuels oil refineries 炼油厂生物元素bioelement oligosaccharide 寡糖生物原料biocrude open system 开放体系生物治理bioremediation operation cost 运行成本生源说biogenesis operational volume 工作容积剩货，残余物leftover operator gene 操纵基因石灰水limewater operons 操纵子石油petroleum oral vaccination 口服疫苗识别identification orbital 轨道使感瘟疫plague organ culture 器官培养使模糊不清obscure organic compound 有机化合物适应期acclimation time organometallics 金属有机物噬菌体bacteriophage organophosphates 有机磷收方debit outflow 流出，外流收益性profitability overhead 通常开支树脂resin overlapping 重叠的衰减的attenuated over-lapping joint 叠焊连接双名制binomial scientific names overtime 加班水解hydrolyze oxaloacetate 草酸的水解物hydrolazate Oxidase 氧化酶水平安装的圆盘horizontal disc oxidation 氧化水生植物群aquatic flora oxidizing agent 氧化剂顺乌头酸酶aconitase oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶丝状的filamentous oxygen 氧四环素敏感的tetracycline sensitive P.parasites 寄生虫四因素三水平three-level four-variable pathogen 致病菌酸度acidity pathogenicity 病原性随时间的过程图time course pathway 途径碎片debris pectin methyl esterase 果胶甲基酯化酶T.塔，重叠stack pectinase 果胶酶塔，柱column pepsin 胃蛋白酶碳的脱水酶Carbonic anhydrase perforated plate 多孔板碳链carbon chain pesticides 农药碳链裂解酶desmolase petroleum 石油碳水化合物carbohydrate pharmaceutical 制药的糖的精制sugar-refining phase （生长）期糖苷化glocosylation phenoxyacetates 苯氧基乙酸糖苷键连接glycosidic linkage phenylureas 苯基尿酶糖化saccharification phosphomutase 磷酸变位酶糖化saccharification phosphorus 磷糖化槽lauter tun phosphorylation 磷酸化糖化谬mash phosphorylation 磷酸化糖化缪过滤器mash filter plague 使感瘟疫糖化缪厚度较小having smaller mash depth plamsinogen activator 血纤维蛋白溶糖浆syrup plasmid 质粒糖酵解glycolysis plug flow reactor 活塞流反应器糖酵解途径glycolytic pathway plum 李糖酶carbohydrases polish 磨糖蜜molasses polishing 精制糖原glycogen polyaromatic 聚芳香物的甜菜beet polycistronic 多顺反子铁iron polysaccharide 多糖停泊处anchorage post-translational 翻译后的通常开支overhead potassium 钾同时进行糊精水解with simultaneous dextrin hydrolysis potassium nitrate 硝酸钾酮ketones precipitation 沉淀酮戊二酸ketoglutaric acid primary culture 原培养物酮戊二酸的ketoglutarate producer microorganism 生产菌种桶装的kegged product 产物头酒head production capacity 生产能力途径pathway production volume 生产量脱氨基酶deaminases profitability 收益性脱蛋白乳清deproteinized promoter 启动子脱辅基阻遏子apo-repressor propylene 丙二醇脱氢dehydrogenation protease 蛋白酶脱羧基decarboxylation protein coat 蛋白质外壳脱酰赤霉素deacetylbaccatin protein modifications 蛋白质修饰W.完全依赖寄主细胞heavy dependence on host cell protozoa原生动物顽强的recalcitrant pullulanase 支链淀粉酶烷alkane purification 纯化威士忌whisky purifying columns 粗馏塔微生物microorganism pyrolysis 高温分解微生物菌株microbial strain pyruvate 丙酮酸的唯一的切点single site pyruvic acid 丙酮酸胃蛋白酶pepsin R.r…and d…研究和开发温度调节attemperation radical 自由基无臭的oderless radioactively labelled probe 放射活性标记的无机化合物inorganic compound raffinose 棉子糖无机盐化合物mineral raw materials 原料无菌的aseptic reactant 反应物无水乙醇anhydrous ethanol recalcitrant 顽强的无味的tasteless receiving water 接受水体X.吸附adsorption recombinant plasmid 重组质粒烯醇化酶enolase recombinant proteins 重组蛋白稀酸dilute acid rectifier 精馏塔熄灭extinguish rectifying 精馏洗出液eluate redox 氧化还原洗脱elution reducing agent 还原剂细胞内生长intracellular growth reduction 还原细胞悬浮液cell suspension refine 精制细胞株cell lines regenerate 再生下面发酵bottom fermentation rennin 凝乳酶纤维二塘cellobiose rent 租金纤维素cellulose replicating microorganism 自身复制的微生物纤维素cellulose replicon 复制子纤维素酶cellulase repression 抑制酰胺酶amidases repressor 阻遏子限制性内切酶restriction endonuclease residual 残余物响应面分析法response surface methodology resin 树脂硝酸钾potassium nitrate resin column 交换型树脂硝酸钠sodium nitrate respiration 呼吸斜底锥顶罐sloped-bottom cone-roof tanks response surface methodology响应面分析法新啤酒new beer restriction endonuclease 限制性内切酶悬浮固形物suspended solid reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶漩涡vortex ribose 核糖血纤维蛋白溶plamsinogen activator ribosome 核糖体血制品blood products rinsing 清洗循环circulation RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶循环运动circular movement rum 朗姆酒Y.亚显微的submicroscopic run-off 流出的…延胡索酸酶fumarase rupture 破裂研究和开发r…and d…S.saccharification 糖化演绎的deductive saccharification 糖化阳离子cation Saccharomyces cerevisiae 酿酒酵母阳离子交换树脂cationic resin saturated 饱和的氧oxygen scalability 可测量性氧化oxidation sec-butyl arcohol 仲-丁醇氧化还原redox secondary metabolites 次级代谢产物氧化还原酶oxidoreductase seed 接种氧化剂oxidizing agent segment 部分氧化酶Oxidase semiaerobic 半好养的摇瓶shake flask sexual descendent 有性后代一般性费用general expenses shake flask 摇瓶一旦感染上at the onset of infection shikonin 紫草素一致，保守consensus shotgun cloning 散弹枪式克隆胰蛋白酶trypsin shuttle 穿梭般运输胰岛素trysin single pass 流经一次移植explant single site 唯一的切点移种subculturing single stranded end 粘性互补末端乙醇ethylene sloped-bottom cone-roof tanks 斜底锥顶罐乙二醇ethylene slurry 浆乙酰辅酶A Acetyl coenzyme A soak 浸泡乙酰化acetylation sodium 钠乙酰基转移酶transacetylase sodium nitrate 硝酸钠乙型肝炎hepatitis B solute 溶质异丙醇isopropyl alcohol spent culture 发酵废液异构酶isomerase spent hops 酒花糟异构酶isomerase spirit drink 蒸馏酒异构体isomer spoilage 变质,腐败异柠檬酸isocitric acid spray jet 喷嘴抑制repression stack 塔，重叠译，录下transcribe stands at 保持在阴离子anion starch 淀粉樱桃cherry start sites 起点有分歧的divergent steam-sterilized 蒸汽灭菌有机化合物organic compound stereochemical立体异构有机化能营养菌chemo-organotrophs steric 立体的有机磷organophosphates sterilization 灭菌有性后代sexual descendent still 蒸馏器有氧呼吸aerobic respiration stirrer shaft 搅拌轴有助于conducive stirring gear 搅拌装置诱导induction strength 浓度诱发的inductive Streptomyces 链霉菌属鱼胶isinglass streptomycin 链霉素与生长偶联的产物growth-associated product strip 萃取元素element subculturing 移种原核生物界kingdom procaryotae submerged coils 浸没式蛇管原料raw materials submicroscopic 亚显微的原料feedstocks substitutive 取代基命名法原培养物primary culture succinic acid 琥珀酸原生动物protozoa succinyl 琥珀酰原生生物界Monera sucrose 蔗糖原子价valence sugar-refining 糖的精制圆筒锥底的cylindro-conical sulfur 硫运行成本operation cost supernatant 上清液Z.杂交子 hybrid supervision 管理载体vector surveillance 监视，监督再生regenerate suspended solid 悬浮固形物在生长的最高峰at the peak of growth symbol 符号增加increment synthesis 合成粘性的培养物viscous culture syrup 糖浆粘性互补末端single stranded end T.tasteless 无味的折旧depreciation taxoid 紫杉烷蔗糖sucrose taxol紫杉醇真菌fungi tetracycline resistantance 抗四环素基因真菌界kingdom mycetae tetracycline sensitive 四环素敏感的真空浓缩vacuum concentration therapeutically 治疗真细菌类Eubacteria thermostable 耐热的蒸发vaporize three-level four-variable 四因素三水平蒸馏distillation time course 随时间的过程图蒸馏distillation tissue culture 组织培养蒸馏酒spirit drink top fermentation 上面发酵蒸馏酒distilled spirit total organic carbon 总有机碳蒸馏器still transacetylase 乙酰基转移酶蒸馏物distillate transaminase 氨基转移酶蒸汽灭菌steam-sterilized transcribe 译，录下支链淀粉酶pullulanase transcription 转录脂蛋白lipoprotein transeliminase 反式消去酶脂肪酶lipase transformable 可转化的脂肪族二元醇类glycol transformant 转化子直接生产成本direct operation cost transformation 转化植物界kingdom plantae transformed cells 转化的细胞酯化esterfy transgenic 转基因的酯化酶esterases transglycosidase 核苷转移酶制药的pharmaceutical translate 翻译制造成本manufacturing cost transmethylase甲基转移酶治疗therapeutically transphosphorylase 磷酸转移酶质粒plasmid tricarboxylic 三羧酸的致病菌pathogen tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环中和neutralization trimethylene 三亚甲基二醇中间产物intermediate compounds trisaccharide 三糖中间产物intermediates trough 槽中性neutrality trypsin 胰蛋白酶中性酒精neutral spirit trysin 胰岛素仲-丁醇sec-butyl arcohol tun 装酒的大酒桶重叠的overlapping U.ultrafiltration 超滤重新连接的质粒ligated plasmid mixture unit 结合重组蛋白recombinant proteins unit operation 单元操作重组质粒recombinant plasmid upflow 上行轴承bearing urate 尿酸盐煮出decoction uricase 尿酸氧化酶贮藏啤酒lager utilities 公用设施专性的obligate V.vacuum concentration 真空浓缩转氨酶aminotransferase valence 原子价转化transformation vaporize 蒸发转化的细胞transformed cells variable cost 可变成本转化子transformant vector 载体转基因的transgenic vertical bottom fermenters 平形底发酵罐转录transcription vessel wall 罐壁装酒的大酒桶tun viscous culture 粘性的培养物锥底发酵罐conical bottom fermenters vodka 伏特加资金总额capital investment volatile 挥发性的紫草素shikonin volatile organic compound 挥发性有机物紫花苜蓿alfalfa vortex 漩涡紫杉醇taxol W.waste water treatment 废水处理紫杉烷taxoid well-modified malt 溶解性好的麦芽自身复制的微生物replicating microorganism whey 乳清自由基radical whisky 威士忌总有机碳total organic carbon with simultaneous dextrin hydrolysis同时进行糊精水解租金rent wort 麦汁阻遏子repressor X.Xanthomonas 黄单胞杆菌组成型constitutively xylanase木糖酶组织培养tissue culture xylose 木糖祖先的ancestral Z.zest 风味最终产物阻遏end-product repression IUPAC International Union of Pure and Chemistry。

c 文章中单词查找课程设计一、教学目标本课程旨在通过文章中单词查找的学习，让学生掌握单词查找的基本方法和技巧，提高阅读理解能力。

具体目标如下：知识目标：使学生了解单词查找的重要性，理解单词查找的基本方法，掌握字典的使用技巧。

技能目标：培养学生快速准确查找文章中单词的能力，提高学生的阅读理解速度和准确度。

情感态度价值观目标：培养学生对英语阅读的兴趣，增强学生通过单词查找提高阅读理解能力的自信心。

二、教学内容本课程的教学内容主要包括单词查找的方法和技巧，以及如何通过单词查找提高阅读理解能力。

具体包括以下几个方面：1.单词查找的方法：根据文章的上下文推测单词的意思，使用字典查找单词的准确含义，通过同义词和反义词查找单词的用法。

2.单词查找的技巧：快速定位单词的位置，根据单词的前缀和后缀判断单词的意思，通过词根词缀记忆单词的含义。

3.文章阅读理解：通过单词查找提高文章阅读的速度和准确度，理解文章的主旨和细节，分析文章的结构和逻辑。

三、教学方法为了激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性，本课程将采用多种教学方法，包括讲授法、讨论法、案例分析法和实验法等。

1.讲授法：教师通过讲解单词查找的方法和技巧，使学生掌握基本的单词查找知识。

2.讨论法：学生分组讨论单词查找的案例，分享彼此的查找方法和经验，提高查找技巧。

3.案例分析法：分析文章中的单词查找实例，引导学生运用所学知识和技巧解决问题。

4.实验法：学生自主进行单词查找实验，验证所学方法和技巧的有效性，提高阅读理解能力。

四、教学资源为了支持教学内容和教学方法的实施，丰富学生的学习体验，我们将选择和准备以下教学资源：1.教材：选用权威的英语阅读教材，提供丰富的单词查找实例和练习题。

2.参考书：推荐学生阅读英语阅读参考书籍，拓展学生的阅读视野。

3.多媒体资料：利用多媒体课件和视频资料，生动形象地展示单词查找的方法和技巧。

4.实验设备：为学生提供电脑、字典等实验设备，方便学生进行单词查找实验。

统计英语词汇出现频率的书
统计英语词汇出现频率的书有很多，下面为你介绍《英爆词汇频率统计+词根记忆高考版》。

这本书是一套关于词汇使用频率统计排名的工具书，内容包括词频、释义频率、常见发音、英美差异和使用场景分布比例等。

该系列书籍的编者是陆志晶，已出版《英爆词汇频率统计+词根记忆高考版》，后期将陆续出版四级版、六级版、专业四级版、专业八级版、托福版、雅思版、GRE版等。

《英爆词汇频率统计+词根记忆高考版》在淘宝、微信、官网等均有销售，感兴趣的话可以前往购买。

程序设计综合课程设计题目1.运动会分数统计任务：参加运动会有n个学校，学校编号为1……n。

比赛分成m个男子项目，和w个女子项目。

项目编号为男子1……m，女子m+1……m+w。

不同的项目取前五名或前三名积分；取前五名的积分分别为：7、5、3、2、1，前三名的积分分别为：5、3、2；哪些取前五名或前三名由学生自己设定。

（m<=20,n<=20）功能要求：1)可以输入各个项目的前三名或前五名的成绩；2)能统计各学校总分，3)可以按学校编号或名称、学校总分、男女团体总分排序输出；4)可以按学校编号查询学校某个项目的情况；可以按项目编号查询取得前三或前五名的学校。

5)数据存入文件并能随时查询6)规定：输入数据形式和范围：可以输入学校的名称，运动项目的名称输出形式：有合理的提示，各学校分数为整形界面要求：有合理的提示，每个功能可以设立菜单，根据提示，可以完成相关的功能要求。

存储结构：学生自己根据系统功能要求自己设计，但是要求运动会的相关数据要存储在数据文件中。

（数据文件的数据读写方法等相关内容在c语言程序设计的书上，请自学解决）请在最后的上交资料中指明你用到的存储结构；测试数据：要求使用1、全部合法数据；2、整体非法数据；3、局部非法数据。

进行程序测试，以保证程序的稳定。

测试数据及测试结果请在上交的资料中写明；2.飞机订票系统任务：通过此系统可以实现如下功能：录入：可以录入航班情况（数据可以存储在一个数据文件中，数据结构、具体数据自定）查询：可以查询某个航线的情况（如，输入航班号，查询起降时间，起飞抵达城市，航班票价，票价折扣，确定航班是否满仓）；可以输入起飞抵达城市，查询飞机航班情况；订票：（订票情况可以存在一个数据文件中，结构自己设定）可以订票，如果该航班已经无票，可以提供相关可选择航班；退票：可退票，退票后修改相关数据文件；客户资料有姓名，证件号，订票数量及航班情况，订单要有编号。

修改航班信息：当航班信息改变可以修改航班数据文件要求：根据以上功能说明，设计航班信息，订票信息的存储结构，设计程序完成功能；3.文章编辑功能：输入一页文字，程序可以统计出文字、数字、空格的个数。

英语名词词汇速查手册English Noun Vocabulary Quick Reference ManualIntroduction:The English language is enriched with a wide range of nouns that form the foundation of effective communication. From everyday objects to abstract concepts, nouns play a crucial role in expressing ideas and thoughts. This quick reference manual aims to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used English nouns, facilitating a better understanding of their meanings and usage.Section 1: PersonNouns that refer to individuals or groups of people fall under this category.1.1 Singular Nouns- Man: A male human being.- Woman: A female human being.- Child: A young human.- Teacher: A person who imparts knowledge to others.- Doctor: A medical professional.1.2 Plural Nouns- Men: More than one male individual.- Women: More than one female individual.- Children: More than one young human.- Teachers: More than one person who imparts knowledge to others. - Doctors: More than one medical professional.Section 2: PlaceNouns that denote locations or settings are covered in this section.2.1 Common Places- Home: A place where one lives.- School: An institution for learning.- Hospital: A medical facility for patient care.- Park: An area for recreation and relaxation.- Restaurant: An establishment that serves meals.2.2 Geographical Places- Mountain: A high landform with steep sides.- River: A large flowing watercourse.- Beach: A sandy or pebbly shoreline.- Forest: An area with dense trees and vegetation.- Desert: A barren land with sparse vegetation.Section 3: ThingObjects, substances, or entities are encompassed in this section.3.1 Everyday Objects- Chair: A piece of furniture for sitting.- Table: A flat surface for various purposes.- Book: A written or printed work.- Computer: An electronic device for processing information. - Car: A motor vehicle for transportation.3.2 Abstract Concepts- Love: A deep affection or attachment.- Friendship: A mutual bond between individuals.- Knowledge: Information acquired through learning.- Happiness: A state of joy and contentment.- Success: Achievement of a desired goal.Section 4: IdeaIntangible concepts and notions belong to this section.4.1 Creativity- Art: Expression of human skill and imagination.- Music: Sounds organized in a harmonious way.- Literature: Written works of artistic value.- Poetry: Expressive writing characterized by rhythm and meter.- Dance: Movement and rhythm performed with artistic intent.4.2 Communication- Language: System of communication used by a particular group.- Conversation: Verbal exchange between individuals.- Writing: Representation of language through text.- Gesture: Body movement conveying a message.- Expression: Display of thoughts or feelings.Conclusion:This English Noun Vocabulary Quick Reference Manual aims to provide a helpful resource for individuals seeking to enhance their grasp of English nouns. Organized by categories, this manual covers a wide range of nouns, from persons and places to things and ideas. By referring to this manual, readers can deepen their understanding of English vocabulary and improve their communication skills.。