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南京师范大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（B卷）科目代码及名称：802语言竖垄�满分：丘g分注意：＠认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；＠所有答题内容必须写在匼匿困上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；＠本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回，否则按考试违纪处理。
一、填空题（每小题1分，共10分）学派。
1希腊化时期，在埃及形成的第一个专业的语文学派是2无限的句子中包含着有限的词和为数不多的3语言符号中的形式和意义的结合完全由社会，而不是它们之间有什么必然的、本质的联系。
4元音的音质是由舌位的高低、舌位的前后和----三方面来决定的。
5记录语言的书写符号系统是。
6在语言符号系统中，最小的语言单位是7来自古英语byrgels的buriels(埋葬）原来是单数，后来仿造funeral,重新创造了单数形式burial。
这种新形式的创造就是作用的结果。
8. 由词根语素和词缀组合起来构成的词称为。
9古埃及的、古美索不达米亚的钉头字、中美洲的玛雅和我国的甲骨文都是表意文字。
10."我喜欢吃葡萄”这句话可以变为“他知道我喜欢吃葡萄＇中的一个成分，这种嵌套关系说明结构规则有。
二、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1语流音变：2. 社会方言：3历史比较法：4语言融合：三、论述题（每小题10分，共50分）L试述词语替换的两个因素，并请举适当的例子加以说明。
2试述形态的概念，并请举适当的例子加以说明。
3. 人类语言和其他动物的交际方式有何区别？（谈到五点即可获满分）4请以适当的例子说明下一观点：每一种文字都必须适应自己所记录的语言的结构特点和语音特点。
5什么是语法范畴？语法范畴具有哪些特点？四、分析操作题（共40分）1请按提示特征写出对应的语言结构类型，并将所列出的具体语言填入相应空格(8分）：英语苗语日语美诺米尼语a无内部屈折特征，变词语素和语法意义一对应的语言类型是如b. 缺乏词形变化，语序很严格，不能随便变动的语言类型是＿＿——一＿＿，比如，比c.-个词往往相当千其他语言的一个句子的语言类型是＿＿一——_,比如d.有丰富的词形变化，一个变词语素可以同时表示好几种语法意义的语言类型是，比如。
2018南京师范大学各院各专业考研真题资料汇总
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目录Ⅰ历年考研真题试卷 (2)南京师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (2)南京师范大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (4)南京师范大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (6)南京师范大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (8)南京师范大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (10)南京师范大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (12)南京师范大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (14)南京师范大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (16)南京师范大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 (18)Ⅱ历年考研真题试卷答案解析 (19)南京师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (19)南京师范大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (27)南京师范大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (34)南京师范大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (40)南京师范大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (47)南京师范大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (54)南京师范大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案解析 (61)Ⅰ历年考研真题试卷南京师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：888语言学与对外汉语教学理论适用专业：国际文化教育学院对外汉语教学注意事项：所的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效；请认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项，试题随答卷一起装入试题袋中交回。
语言学理论部分（共70分）一、名词解释题（每小题4分，共20分）1、孤立语2、组合关系3、音高4、意译词5、天下通语二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1、举例说明空间和时间因素在交际中如何适当的运用。
2、从征候与符号的角度谈谈普通浓烟与警报的烽火有何异同。
2018年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Gender Studies正确答案：性别研究2．Signifier and Signified正确答案：能指和所指3．Langue and Parole正确答案：语言和言语4．cash flow正确答案：现金流5．currency devaluation正确答案：货币贬值6．Russian Formalism正确答案：俄国形式主义7．Poststructuralism正确答案：后结构主义8．Semiotics正确答案：符号学9．House of Representatives正确答案：众议院10．GDP正确答案：国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product) 11．cultural norm正确答案：文化规范12．pragmatism正确答案：实用主义13．The Wall Street Journal正确答案：《华尔街日报》14．United Nations Security Council正确答案：联合国安理会15．Intertextuality正确答案：互文性汉译英16．经验主义正确答案：Empiricism17．认知科学正确答案：cognitive science18．精神分析正确答案：psychoanalysis19．多边会谈正确答案：multilateral negotiations20．亚太经济合作组织正确答案：APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 21．世界经济论坛正确答案：WEF (World Economic Forum)22．预算赤字正确答案：budget deficit23．语义学正确答案：semantics24．文化霸权正确答案：cultural hegemony25．民权运动正确答案：civil rights movement26．话语分析正确答案：discourse analysis27．现代主义正确答案：modernism28．生态批评正确答案：eco-criticism29．股票市场正确答案：stock market30．社交媒介正确答案：social media英汉互译英译汉31．There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, i. e. health and a sufficient income, and who, nevertheless, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten. People propose to themselves some one paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. A businessman may be so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble example. Many rich ladies, although nature has not endowed them with any spontaneous pleasure in literature or art, decide to be thought cultured, and spend boring hours learning the right thing to say about fashionable new books that are written to give delight, not to afford opportunities for dusty snobbism. If you look around at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common. The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence. Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. Artists and authors and men of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them. But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joys of having created beauty. The whole subject of happiness has, in my opinion, been treated too solemnly. It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion. Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recovery, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill. But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory. It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his children’s noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen-a different diet, or more exercise, or what not.正确答案：很多人都具备获得幸福的所有物质条件，即健康的身体和充足的收入，然而他们却深感痛苦。
