美国福利制度英文
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中美社会福利制度比较【摘要】社会福利制度是国家和社会依法对社会成员的基本生活权利和发展权利予以福利的制度。
中国和美国分别是最大的发展中国家和发达国家。
中国的社会福利制度产生时间不算长,经过几十年的发展,形成了具有中国特色的社会福利制度;美国的社会福利制度虽然比中国历史悠久且内容全面完善,但也面临着一些问题。
两国在社会福利制度上的问题虽然很不相同,但也有不少值得互相借鉴的方面。
【关键词】中美;社会福利制度;比较一、美国的社会福利制度美国现行的社会福利制度是从1936年社会安全法案(social security act)实行之后,逐步完善起来的,主要包含以下内容:(一)联邦社会保险联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的,在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加,主要包括以下内容。
1、失业保险金(unemployment insurance)。
失业保险金是一种保险制度。
每月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投保,受保人一旦失业即可获赔,获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。
2、工人赔偿金( worker’s compensation program)。
由雇主向州政府或保险公司投保,工人因工受伤即可申领。
具体赔偿金额和时期由雇主所交的保费多少而定,同时也能报销一定的医疗费用。
工人赔偿金非美籍人士亦可申请,且不会影响他日转换身份或入籍。
3、州立伤残保险金(state disability insurance)。
全美只有加州、纽约州、新泽西州、夏威夷和波多黎各设有此类保险金,专为因短期疾病暂不能工作的人员而设。
换言之,受保人在得病期间必须是受雇的,复原后重新开始工作,保险金就停止赔付。
4、退休金(retirement benefits)。
任何人如果挣得了足够的社会保障分数(credits),并年满退休年龄后都可以领取退休金。
1938年之前出生的人的退休年龄为65岁,1938年之后出生的人的退休年龄逐渐提高,1960年出生的人(含1960年以后出生)的退休年龄为67岁。
The comparison between British and American social welfare policyThere are many differences between British and American social welfare policy。
The British social welfare system has a long history , the UK established" the welfare state"1n1945.Then after the constant adjustment and revision of the social welfare system ,it has now reached a considerable scale and le vel. (1) the national insurance, receiving object for mother and chil d, disabled, unemployed and other special difficult people. (2) the N ational health care. England people can enjoy free medical treatment, the patient can pay only for the prescription charges, except for the disadvantaged groups. (3) th e individual social welfare, such as the workers who loss job and the ability to work they can have the better life service ; for psychiatric patients ' treatment; custody of the s tate under the age of 17, unsupervised children; government departmen ts and social volunteer organization for the elderly and a difficult family life, entertainment services. (4) housing ,for low-income families, the government issued a housing allowance; a ttention for the elderly and patients with special housing, and set rent controls. (5) the education ,government education funding help the majority of students to receive free education.they also have books and other learning tools cost for free. Education authorities supply to students free of milk. Public schools with canteens, provide tran sportation. Higher education, 90% of the college students can get a g overnment subsidy.But the huge social welfare spending has increasingly become a heavy financial burden on the government, social welfare system bring social problems, welfare problems become the one of the focus of British Parties, the economic grow slowly.The British social welfare system undertook a series of reform, ( 1 ) the national insurance reform, pensions and other benefits to reform, strengthen the management of unemployment benefits, strict control of disability benefits for children, grant to pay taxes. ( 2) the housing reform, encourage the development of private housing rental business, ( 3) the national health care reform, emphasized in medical care within the public sector to create a competitive internal market, and promote the many service providers to compete with each other, in order to improve the efficiency. ( 4) education reform educational funds, compression.American social welfare system is very comprehensive, 1, a federal social insurance, for the people who are on the job, including Retirement Benefits , Survivor ' s Benefits , Disability Benefits and Medicare Benefits . 2, Unemployment Compensation as long as the laid-off unemployed, with or without savings may apply for. General grant period is 6 to 9 months, according to different circumstances may be extended states. 3, public assistance designed for low income or no income to the blind, elderly, disabled and no income and family. The state government issued according to their living conditions, the applicant will be investigated to prove eligibility. 4, the pregnant woman and the child welfare 。
精品文档就在这里------------- 各类专业好文档,值得你下载,教育,管理,论文,制度,方案手册,应有尽有----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------美国社会福利制度简介Introduction to social welfare system American发布于 : 2007/11/04 12:58 amPublished: 2007/11/04 12:58 am引用Quote社会福利是日常生活不可或缺的一部分,美国的社会福利制度相当全面完善。
了解美国的社会福利制度,有助于您在移民后合理地利用于自己有利的福利措施,争取和保障自己应有的权益。
Social welfare is an indispensable part of our daily life, America social welfare systemis veryperfect. To understand the America social welfare system, help you after themigration toexploit for their favorable welfare measures, strive for and protect their ownrights.美国现行的社会福利制度是从1936 年社会安全法案(Social Security Act)实行之后,逐步完善起来的。
社会安全法案包含如下几类福利措施:America current social welfare system is from the social security actof 1936 (Social SecurityAct) after the introduction, gradually improve. The SocialSecurity Act contains the followingbenefits:1、联邦社会保险1, the social insurance联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的,在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加,主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits) 、抚恤金 (Survivor ’s Benefits)、伤残金 (Disability Benefits) 和医疗福利 (Medicare Benefits) 等。
福利制度的英语作文英文回答:Welfare systems are social programs designed to provide financial assistance and other benefits to individuals and families in need. The primary goal of welfare is to alleviate poverty, reduce inequality, and promote social justice. However, welfare systems often face criticism for being too costly, inefficient, and disincentivizing work.There are various types of welfare programs, including cash assistance, food stamps, housing subsidies, and healthcare subsidies. The eligibility criteria and benefits provided by these programs vary significantly from country to country.One of the main arguments in favor of welfare is thatit provides a safety net for individuals and families who are struggling financially. For example, in the United States, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)program provides cash assistance to low-income families with children. This assistance can help families cover basic living expenses such as food, housing, and utilities.Another argument in favor of welfare is that it can help to reduce inequality. By providing financial assistance to low-income individuals and families, welfare can help to level the playing field and create a more just and equitable society. For example, in the United Kingdom, the Universal Credit program provides a single monthly payment to low-income working-age individuals and families. This payment can help to reduce poverty and improve living standards.However, there are also arguments against welfare. One of the main criticisms is that welfare can be too costly. For example, in the United States, the federal government spends over $1 trillion on welfare programs each year. This money could be used for other purposes, such as education, healthcare, or infrastructure.Another criticism of welfare is that it can beinefficient. Welfare programs can be complex and bureaucratic, and they can be difficult to navigate for individuals who are in need. For example, in Canada, the Employment Insurance program provides income support to individuals who have lost their jobs. However, the application process can be lengthy and complicated, and many eligible individuals do not receive benefits.Finally, some critics argue that welfare can disincentivize work. Welfare benefits can make it more difficult for low-income individuals to find and keep jobs. For example, in Sweden, the unemployment benefit system provides generous benefits to individuals who have lost their jobs. This can make it difficult for employers tofind workers, and it can lead to higher unemployment rates.In conclusion, welfare systems are complex and controversial. There are both strong arguments in favor of welfare and strong arguments against it. The decision of whether or not to support welfare is a difficult one, andit is one that should be made on a case-by-case basis.中文回答:福利制度是旨在为有需要的个人和家庭提供经济援助和其他福利的社会计划。
美国的社会福利制度一件不测的事故能够使人失掉赚钱营生的才干,一场不期的重病能够花掉一生积存.生活在美国,不论生、老、病、死、不测,失业样样都会威协到腰包,甚至使生活隐入困境,因此在美国除了有普及而健全的保险制度之外,政府执行的各种有关福利设备更是每一团体生活中重要的一环.美国政府每年破费大笔预算为工人提供失业和训练效劳,并补助暂时失业的人,各州和联邦政府协作援助贫穷的家庭,特别是那些有学龄儿童的家庭,并且为老人和病者开设各种机构,为肉体上及身体上有缺憾的儿童开设特别学校,目前的福利措施大多导源于一九三五年的社会平安法案(SOCIALSECURITYACT)及其以后的许多修正案,明天,这项法案已普遍适用于一切美国公民,正由于社会平安制度对美国公民的种种维护措施,社会平安号码(美国人每人都有一个)就成为最重要的身份证件之一.美国现行的社会平安制度包括:(A)年轻(退休)保险( OLDAGEINSURANCE)(B)医疗保险(MEDICALINSURANCE)(C)残疾保险( DISABILITYINSURANCE(D)遗族保险(SURVIVORSINSURANCE)(E)失业救援(UNEMPLOYMENTCOMPENSATION)(F)公共救援与福利(PUBLICASSISTANCEAND WELFARE)等六个主要项目,这些救援经费的来源主要来自民众的捐税.社会平安税是由雇主和雇员各分担一半,这些钱由政府征集后设立基金供各项福利措施支用.(A)年轻退休保险当年满六十五岁,正式从效劳的公司(必需是参与社会平安制度的公司)退休时可以取得全额的国民保险年金,假设六十二岁就想退休时,可以取得八成的年金,假设被保人死亡其遗族可以取得给付,当然给付金的数目视状况而定.(B)医疗保险接受社会平安制度之医疗保险者可以享用住院(或疗养院)治疗90天以内不收费的保险,但不包括医生的治疗费用,不过65岁以上的公民每月仅花少许的额外保费,即可取得该类保险. 另外有一项医疗保险措施系由联邦与州政府(亚利桑那州除外)共同为有力支付医疗费用的公民承当其医疗费用. (C)残疾保险假设有一工人在一年或更长时间内无法任务时可以取得与年轻退休者相反的年金,又假设该工人系因任务时受了损伤致使无法任务时,可以取得额外的员工伤残补助金,这项补助金的保险费用是由雇主担负, 同时这项保险制度归州政府管理,不在联邦社会平安法案的范围内.(D)遗族保险当工人死亡时,其遗族可以取得按月津贴,给付金额视该工人之支出,子女的人数与年龄而定. (E)失业救援失业工人在找到新任务这前每周可以取得失业补助金,原那么上不超越三十九个星期,这项补助措施是由州政府依据联邦政府的要求操持,补助金额因州而异,普通而言,每周不会超越一百元.(F)公共救援社会平安法案允许联邦政府援助各州政府去照顾需要接受救援者,尤其是那些有学龄儿童的贫穷家庭, 同时也对有力担负医疗费用的穷人提供医疗救援.社会平安制度实行至今,毁誉参半,支持者谴责接受救援者懒散,不知进取,他们以为花了大笔钱却仍无法消弭贫穷,那不如把这项制度废弃掉,像现任的总统奥巴马即是属于这种主张的人. 理想上,美国确实有不少人的家庭靠救援金生活,这些人或家庭的生活水平依然赤贫,他们为了支付救济金,必需填写各类表格,联邦政府似乎也渐渐体会这种制度真实不契合救急不不救穷的原那么.因此,如何提供任务时机并训练这些人失业的才干,将是美国政府未来的任务方针.。
美国的社会福利制度一件意外的事故可能使人失往赚钞票谋生的能力,一场不期的重病可能花掉毕生积蓄.生活在美国,不管生、老、病、死、意外,失业样样都会威协到腰包,甚至使生活隐进困境,因此在美国除了有普及而健全的保险制度之外,政府执行的各种有关福利设施更是每一个人一辈子活中重要的一环.美国政府每年花费大笔预算为工人提供就业和练习效劳,并补助临时失业的人,各州和联邦政府合作援助贫困的家庭,特殊是那些有学龄儿童的家庭,同时为老人和病者开设各种机构,为精神上及躯体上有缺憾的儿童开设特殊学校,目前的福利措施大多导源于一九三五年的社会平安法案(SOCIALSECURITYACT)及其以后的许多修正案,今天,这项法案已普遍适用于所有美国公民,正因为社会平安制度对美国公民的种种保卫措施,社会平安号码(美国人每人都有一个)就成为最重要的身份证件之一.美国现行的社会平安制度包括:(A)年老(退休)保险(OLDAGEINSURANCE)(B)医疗保险(MEDICALINSURANCE)(C)残疾保险(DISABILITYINSURANCE(D)遗族保险(SURVIVORSINSURANCE)(E)失业救济(UNEMPLOYMENTCOMPENSATION)(F)公共救济与福利(PUBLICASSISTANCEANDWELFARE)等六个要紧工程,这些救济经费的来源要紧来自民众的捐税.社会平安税是由雇主和雇员各分担一半,这些钞票由政府征集后设立基金供各项福利措施支用.(A)年老退休保险当年满六十五岁,正式从效劳的公司(必须是参加社会平安制度的公司)退休时能够获得全额的国民保险年金,假如六十二岁就想退休时,能够获得八成的年金,假如被保人死亡其遗族能够获得给付,所以给付金的数目视情况而定.(B)医疗保险同意社会平安制度之医疗保险者能够享受住院(或疗养院)治疗90天以内不收费的保险,但不包括大夫的治疗费用,只是65岁以上的公民每月仅花少许的额外保费,即可获得该类保险.另外有一项医疗保险措施系由联邦与州政府(亚利桑那州除外)共同为无力支付医疗费用的公民担当其医疗费用.(C)残疾保险假如有一工人在一年或更长时刻内无法工作时能够获得与年老退休者相同的年金,又假如该工人系因工作时受了损害以致无法工作时,能够获得额外的职员伤残补助金,这项补助金的保险费用是由雇主负担,同时这项保险制度回州政府治理,不在联邦社会平安法案的范围内.(D)遗族保险当工人死亡时,其遗族能够获得按月津贴,给付金额视该工人之收进,子女的人数与年龄而定.(E)失业救济失业工人在寻到新工作这前每周能够获得失业补助金,原那么上不超过三十九个星期,这项补助措施是由州政府依据联邦政府的要求办理,补助金额因州而异,一般而言,每周可不能超过一百元.(F)公共救济社会平安法案答应联邦政府支援各州政府往照顾需要同意救济者,尤其是那些有学龄儿童的贫困家庭,同时也对无力负担医疗费用的穷人提供医疗救济.社会平安制度实行至今,毁誉参半,反对者责备同意救济者懒惰,不知进取,他们认为花了大笔钞票却仍无法消除贫穷,那不如把这项制度废除掉,像现任的总统奥巴马即是属于这种主张的人.事实上,美国确实有很多人的家庭靠救济金生活,这些人或家庭的生活水平依旧赤贫,他们为了领取救济金,必须填写各类表格,联邦政府大概也慢慢体会这种制度实在不符合救急不不救穷的原那么.因此,如何提供工作时机并练习这些人就业的能力,将是美国政府将来的工作方针.。
[美国]社会福利制度社会保障卡(Social Security Card)每个人一生中所能领取的社会保障福利金的数额,是根据他的社会保障卡所记录的收入情况来计算的。
所以您终生使用一个社会保障卡号码是非常重要的。
而且,您在工作时所使用的名字务必要与您的社会保障卡上的名字相同。
如果您更改了名字,您一定不要忘记更改社会保障卡上的名字。
美国的这种服务是免费的。
而且,您的孩子也将有他自己的社会保障卡。
您在填写税单时,在直系亲属这一栏中,也需填上子女的社会保障卡号。
缴纳社会保障税(Social Security Tax)如果您为别人工作,您的雇主将从您的工资中划拨出您所应缴的社会保障税(Social Security Tax )和医疗保险税(Medicare Tax),并代您缴到国税局(IRS),并向社会保障署报告您的收入。
如果您自己雇佣自己,这些税费就由您自己提交税单时一同缴纳。
国税局将向社会保障署通报您的收入情况。
您所应缴的额度,等同于雇主和雇员的比例之和,但您会得到一些特别的减免。
挣取社会保障“分数”(Credit)当您工作和缴税时,您会挣取社会保障“分数”,这些分数将决定您将来是否有资格领取社会保障福利金。
按规定,您每年最多只能挣取4分。
大多数人需要挣取40分(也就是需要工作十年),将来才能有资格领取养老金。
年纪较轻的人当他们要领取伤残福利金(disability)或遗族福利金(survivors)时,分数可适当降低。
社会保障福利金(Social Security Benefits)的计算您所能领取的社会保障福利金是您在工作年限里的平均工资的某个比例。
每个人在退休或伤残时,社会保障福利金都不应是您的退休生活的唯一收入来源。
同样,在您去世后,您的社会保障福利金也不应是您的家人的唯一收入来源。
您还应该为自己的晚年安排其他计划,比如,养老金计划、存款和其他投资等。
低收入的人员所得到的福利金比例比高收入人员所得到的略高。