优化考试题库案例分析-卡特
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优化设计考试题目及答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共10分)1. 在优化设计中,目标函数通常表示为:A. 约束条件B. 目标函数C. 优化变量D. 优化算法答案:B2. 以下哪项不是优化设计中的常见约束类型?A. 线性约束B. 非线性约束C. 静态约束D. 动态约束答案:D3. 优化算法中的梯度下降法主要适用于哪种类型的优化问题?A. 线性规划问题B. 非线性规划问题C. 整数规划问题D. 动态规划问题答案:B4. 在多目标优化中,帕累托最优解是指:A. 一个目标函数的最优解B. 所有目标函数的最优解C. 无法进一步改善任何一个目标而不损害其他目标的解集D. 所有解中目标函数值最小的解答案:C5. 以下哪个算法不是用于解决组合优化问题的?A. 遗传算法B. 模拟退火算法C. 粒子群优化算法D. 线性规划算法答案:D二、多项选择题(每题3分,共15分)1. 优化设计中的目标函数可能具有哪些特性?A. 连续性B. 可微性C. 凸性D. 非凸性答案:A, B, C, D2. 以下哪些因素会影响优化算法的性能?A. 算法的初始点B. 算法的参数设置C. 问题的规模D. 计算机的硬件配置答案:A, B, C, D3. 在优化设计中,以下哪些方法可以用于处理约束条件?A. 拉格朗日乘数法B. 罚函数法C. 增广拉格朗日法D. 直接忽略约束条件答案:A, B, C4. 以下哪些是优化算法的常见特点?A. 收敛性B. 鲁棒性C. 计算效率D. 易于实现答案:A, B, C, D5. 在多目标优化中,以下哪些是常用的优化准则?A. 权重法B. 目标规划法C. 帕累托优化法D. 遗传算法答案:A, B, C, D三、计算题(每题10分,共20分)1. 给定一个优化问题,目标函数为 \( f(x) = x^2 + 2y^2 \) ,约束条件为 \( x + y \leq 10 \) ,\( x \geq 0 \) ,\( y \geq 0 \) 。
传输设备基础卡特L12014年11月5日14点25分试题数:116,重复命题数:48,重复命题率:41.38%1. 弱导光纤中纤芯折射率n1和包层折射率n2的关系是A.n1≈n2B.n1=n2C.n1>>n2D.n1<<n2答案:A重复命题4次2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础烽火L12015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础中兴L12015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础贝尔L12015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础华为L12. 单模光纤最明显的优势是()A.损耗小B.抗干扰C.色散小D.制作简单答案:C重复命题3次2015年4月27日14点0分传输设备基础烽火L12015年4月27日14点0分传输设备基础中兴L12015年4月27日14点30分传输设备基础华为L13. 目前,光纤在()nm处的损耗可以做到0.2dB/km左右,接近光纤损耗的理论极限值。
A.1050B.1550C.2050D.2550答案:B重复命题4次2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础中兴L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础烽火L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础贝尔L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础华为L14. 我国数字同步网,采用的是()同步方式。
A.相互同步B.主从同步C.准同步D.其他答案:B重复命题4次2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础中兴L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础烽火L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础华为L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础贝尔L15. 下列()类型光纤在1310nm窗口的色散系数为0。
A.G.652;B.G.653;C.G.654;D.G.655答案:A6. 光纤通信系统中常用的光源主要有:A.光检测器、光放大器、激光器B.PIN光电二极管、APD雪崩二极管C.半导体激光器、光电检测器、发光二极管D.半导体激光器L半导体发光二极管LED答案:D重复命题2次2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础华为L1 2015年10月20日14点30分传输设备基础烽火L17. 最适合开通DWDM的光纤是()A.G.652B.G.653C.G.654D.G.655答案:D8. 以下不会导致TU-AIS告警的告警是()A.R-LOFB.HP-SLMC.AU-AISD.TU-LOM答案:D9. 我国2M复用成AUG的步骤是:A.C-12——VC-12——TU-12——TUG-2——VC-3——AU-4——AUGB.C-12——VC-12——TU-12——TUG-2——VC-3——AU-4——AUGC.C-12——VC-12——TU-12——TUG-2——TUG-3——VC-4——AU-4——AU GD.C-12——VC-12——TU-12——TUG-2——VC-3——TUG-3——AU-4——AU G答案:C重复命题3次2015年4月27日14点30分传输设备基础华为L12015年4月27日14点0分传输设备基础烽火L12015年4月27日14点0分传输设备基础中兴L110. SDH网络中最基本的模块为STM-1,传输速率为()Mbit/s。
案例分析题及答案小张小张,案例分析题及答案。
近年来,随着社会的不断发展和进步,案例分析题在各类考试中的应用越来越广泛。
案例分析题是一种考察学生综合运用所学知识解决实际问题能力的考题形式,对学生的分析能力、综合能力和创新能力提出了更高的要求。
下面,我们就来看一个案例分析题及答案,希望能对大家有所帮助。
案例分析题:某公司的销售部门在过去一年中业绩一直不佳,导致公司整体利润下降。
请你分析可能的原因,并提出改善措施。
答案:首先,我们需要分析可能的原因。
业绩不佳的原因可能有很多,比如市场竞争激烈、产品质量不过关、销售人员素质不高等。
针对这些可能的原因,我们可以提出一些改善措施。
其一,针对市场竞争激烈的原因,公司可以加大市场营销力度,提高品牌知名度,增加产品曝光度,从而吸引更多的消费者。
其二,如果是产品质量不过关导致业绩不佳,公司应该加强产品质量管理,提高产品质量,增强产品竞争力。
其三,如果是销售人员素质不高导致的业绩不佳,公司可以加强销售人员的培训,提高他们的销售技巧和服务意识,从而提升销售业绩。
此外,公司还可以采取一些激励措施,比如设立销售业绩奖励制度,激发销售人员的积极性,提高业绩。
总的来说,要解决业绩不佳的问题,公司需要全面分析可能的原因,并采取相应的改善措施,从而提升整体业绩,实现公司利润的增长。
在实际操作中,公司可以根据具体情况制定详细的改善计划,并不断跟踪和评估改善效果,及时调整策略,从而实现业绩的持续增长。
希望以上分析和建议能够对公司的业绩改善有所帮助。
通过以上案例分析题及答案,我们可以看到,解决问题的关键在于全面分析,找准问题的根源,并采取有效的改善措施。
只有这样,才能真正解决问题,实现业绩的提升和公司利润的增长。
希望这个案例分析题及答案能够对大家有所启发,谢谢!。
1高掉话高分配失败案例 (2)1.1小区高掉话案例1 (2)1.2小区高掉话案例2 (2)1.3小区高掉话案例2 (3)2信令分析案例 (4)3区域性掉话案例 (6)3.1区域性掉话案例1 (6)3.2 区域性掉话案例2 (6)4切换失败案例 (8)4.1INTER BSC切换失败高小区检查 (8)4.2INTRA BSC切换失败高小区检查 (9)5全网优化案例 (11)6答案 (13)6.1高掉话高分配失败案例答案 (13)6.1.1高掉话高分配失败案例答案1 (13)6.1.2高掉话高分配失败案例答案2 (13)6.1.3高掉话高分配失败案例答案2 (13)6.2信令分析案例答案 (14)6.3区域性掉话案例分析答案 (14)6.3.1区域性掉话案例答案7 (14)6.3.2区域性掉话案例答案2 (14)6.4切换失败案例答案 (15)6.4.1INTER BSC切换失败高小区答案 (15)6.4.2INTRA BSC切换失败高小区检查 (15)6.5全网优化案例答案 (16)1高掉话高分配失败案例1.1小区高掉话案例1以下是某个小区Abis信令统计数据,TA分布:问题1:判断导致该小区高掉话率、TCH高分配失败率的可能原因。
问题2:该小区BCCH是占用哪个频点。
问题3:该小区上下行路径损耗是否正常,路径损耗与哪些因素有关,写出相关的计算公式。
问题4:在空间损耗中,主要损耗原因有哪些?当这些因素扩大一倍,损耗相差几个db?1.2小区高掉话案例2现象:某小区的TCH分配失败率及掉话率很高;根据统计报告观察,均为MC736和MC746B掉话和分配失败,且集中在各个TRX上。
问题1:请列出在几种掉话种类及计数器。
问题2:发生此类问题有几种可能。
问题3:碰到此类问题,请列出优化思路及处理方法。
1.3小区高掉话案例2瓦口1在几个忙时均为坏小区,掉话组成为MC14C,看告警,仅有LOSS-OF-SDCCH,推断为某频点硬件有问题,关跳频、创报告、观察每个频点的占用情况,占用正常,继续观察状态,发现一RSL状态会反转,闭相应硬件无用,开启模块,观察,发现另一RSL状态会反转。
卡特皮勒公司案例分析1、根据第三章所学战略联盟及关系战略相关知识点,分析组织间市场关系战略与最终消费品市场关系的不同点,以及卡特彼勒公司在战略联盟实施上的成功之处。
答:组织间市场关系战略是一种关于信任和承诺,是识别、建立、维护和巩固企业与顾客及其他利益相关者之间关系的一系列活动,别且通过企业努力,以诚实的交换方式及履行承诺的方式,使双方的利益和目标在营销活动中得以实现。
最终消费品市场关系是指企业产品在卖给顾客之后所提供的服务或者技术支持而进行的一系列活动。
卡特彼勒公司拥有一批优秀的供应商,能够很好地维护公司和顾客之间的关系,为企业解决难题。
公司拥有一个形式上完善的分销体系并不足以使卡特皮勒在激烈的竞争中站稳脚跟,卡特皮勒和经销商的关系远胜于一纸合同上所注明的权利义务关系,他们之间更是一种家庭式的亲密关系。
经销商不仅仅是卡特皮勒的产品运到顾客手中的一个渠道,而且还是将顾客的意见反馈回来的一个渠道,这样经销商的职能也不仅仅是销售产品和提供售后服务,而且还能促使公司生产出更符合顾客需要的产品。
2、卡特皮勒公司用哪些手段激励渠道成员。
答:卡特皮特公司从不对经销商进行压榨,让经销商有利润。
公司向经销商提供除产品及零部件以外的其他东西。
除了提供产品和零部件外,卡特皮勒还帮助经销商向顾客提供分期付款等信用担保,同时在存货管理和控制、物流、设备维护工作程序等方面给经销商予以支持。
3、你认为卡特彼勒渠道营销策略的成功之道是什么?对你的启示是什么?答:卡特皮特并不以自身的强大来吞噬经销商的利益,而相反的是将经销商看作是自己公司的一份子,让经销商有一种归属感。
这种关系营销模式,不仅能长久地维护经销商的关系,还能及时地处理与顾客的关系,并且及时得到顾客信息。
我的启示;在处理企业与中间商的关系时,一定要相互信任,只有在复杂多变的市场上拧成一根绳,才能够立于不败之地。
形考任务02(案例分析题)
情景描述
本案例涉及一家名为XYZ公司的跨国企业,该公司面临来自新兴市场竞争对手的挑战。
在全球化的背景下,XYZ公司需要调整其战略以提升竞争力。
问题
XYZ公司在面对竞争对手时,应采取哪些管理策略以保持竞争优势?
解决方案
1. 建立全球化战略:XYZ公司应考虑扩大其全球市场份额,通过进一步扩展至新兴市场来提供更多的机会。
这可以通过建立全球供应链和扩展销售网络等方式实现。
2. 创新与研发:XYZ公司应将创新和研发作为保持竞争优势
的关键策略。
通过不断推出新产品和服务,XYZ公司可以满足不
断变化的市场需求,并提供更高质量的产品。
3. 人才发展与管理:XYZ公司需要高效地管理和发展其人才。
这可以通过建立良好的培训和发展计划,吸引和保留有才华的员工,并通过激励措施激发员工的创造力和潜力。
4. 风险管理:XYZ公司在面对竞争时需积极管理风险。
这可
以通过进行市场研究和竞争情报搜集,了解竞争对手的行动和策略,以及积极应对市场变化和挑战。
5. 品牌建设和营销:XYZ公司需要在全球市场上建立强大而
具有竞争力的品牌。
通过提供独特的价值主张,进行差异化营销和
品牌宣传,XYZ公司可以赢得客户和市场份额。
结论
通过采取上述管理策略,XYZ公司可以保持竞争优势,应对
来自新兴市场竞争对手的挑战,并实现全球扩张和增长的目标。
Continuing report of HRM (The Hotel Paris International)院系:班级:人力学号:姓名:课程名称:人力资源管理完成时间:年月至年月ContentCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (4)CHAPTER 3 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND ANALYSIS (6)CHAPTER 4 JOB ANALYSIS AND THE TALENT MANAGEMENT PROCESS (9)CHAPTER 5 PERSONNEL PLANNING AND RECRUTING (13)CHAPTER 6 EMPLOYEE TESTING AND SELECTION (16)CHAPTER 7 INTERVIEWING CANDIDATES (18)CHAPTER 8 TRAINING AND DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES (22)CHCAPTER 9 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND APPRAISAL (25)CHAPTER 10 MANAGING EMPLOYEE RETENTION, ENGAGEMENT, AND CAREERS..27 CHAPTER 11 ESTABLISHING STRATEGY PAY PLANS (30)CHAPTER 12 PAY FOR PERFORANCE AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES (31)CHAPTER 13 BENEFITS AND SERVICES (32)CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTI sum up five main points specific HR problems I think Cater Cleaning will have to grapple with.First of all, they were lake for personnel management regulations and procedures both every manager and each employee. As there were many of problems which were harmful to their management because workers’ lake a series of clear knowledge, abilities and skills. For example, fair employment problems would serious damage employees’ rights but they didn’t know up to now. Human resource managements always asked people of applicants about their national topic and some other sensitive topics but they didn’t refer to professional, abilities and, many other useful topics. Luckily, they haven’t been reported their discrimination because the employees were almost women and ethnic minority which were short of laws concept. This phenomenon told us they couldn’t clarify fair employment rules and professional knowledge and laws knowledge.In addition, human resource managements couldn’t make employees clear their own duties and responsibilities. They employees didn’t know their clear division of responsibilities; as a result, Cater Center would be inefficiency after confusion day by day. Numan resource of Cater Centercouldn’t keep employee loyalty and employee stability. It is terrible for a company to face employee thefts there. It would not only cause benefits of company, but also cause legitimate equities of the firm. What’s worse, as a result, corporate cultural development and employees’ activities will be destroyed. Not only the issue of fair employment lacks attention, but also the manager himself has not received any basic training.If I were Jennifer, I will persuade every management to pay much attentionmake a Post Office Book at first for all of my employees in order that they can identify their responsibilities and obligation.In addition, we must identify the management process is based on the functions of planning, organization, staffing, leading, and controlling. In total, we start with these five functions and we will avoid mistakes like I summed up in my first paragraph.We must consummate the rules and processes of HRM. We can achieve it by solving the fair employment problem, improving their knowledge, abilities and skills of cleaning and service, enhancing legal knowledge and experience. By doing these, we can improve Cater Center’s personnel management regulations and procedures both every manager and each employee.CHAPTER 3 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND ANALYSISI would recommend that the Caters expand their quality program. My reasons are as shown below.First, the company faced to a larger scale and only holding employee meetings can't solve all the problems they facing. So we must expend ways and measures for every employee in order to widening the feedback channel for the problem of company.Second, as a manager, we can’t be everywhere watching everything all the time. And expending the quality program is a real way for innovation and sustainable development to the company. We need to discover a series of finding for making progress at any time.Specifically, Cater should expand their quality program by taking forms as shown below.We need make a scientific strategic human resource management in the whole company in order to guarantee the running of it.Training and development is the first step for strategy. It will be explicit if Caters make employees know that where are they now and who they are, and writing a job description, significantly. They will learn to size up the situation including perform external and internal audits.,Afterwards, Caters’ strategic options will be known and be created by managers and even employees easily. At the same time, they will be supportive and having a high performance. It can minimize the plane turnaround on ground and the meals and frills and so on. All of these benefits are to decrease costs and increase revenues for the organization.A question we must face to and need to be solved urgently is whether the employees want to act and accept like mini-manager only with earning about $8 to $15 per hour. It refers to the question of salary administration. So if we make a fair salary system that employees approval, we will gain a different group which is much better and competent than ever before.In addition, I think Caters should focus on the outline summarizing important HR practice as I designed below.First of all I think it is important to collect the opinions of customers and employees before we make a systematic of HR practice. We will identify clear condition of working and program by doing this.Then we must make Job Description to each position of Cater Center. We can decide how to measure the performance of an old or new hires. For example, with Cater system, hiring managers input their evaluations of each new hire at the end of the employees’ first several days.Refer to their important designed, we can make a HR practicecategory and analysis for Caters as I refer below.HR practice category Description ExamplesStuffingProcedures to evaluaterelevant knowledge, skills,abilities for fitSelective screeningassessment oftechnicalinterpersonalskills/attitudes/personalSelf-managed teamsPower downward bygranting authority andresponsibilityEmployeeparticipationprogramsTeams with decisionmaking authorityDecentralized decisionmaking Empowering employeesAuthority to makedecisionsparticipatemanagementTrainingFormalizing programs todevelop knowledge , skills,abilitiesTraining forcurrent/future skillsTechnicalinterpersonalFlexible work assignmentsBroaden individualknowledge, skills, abilitiesJob rotationjob enrichmentabilities to performjobCommunication Open com. Channels toexpress viewpointsEmployee suggestionsystemsCompensation Performance-contingentpay, group-based pay,market pay policiesProfit/gain sharingownershipCHAPTER 4 JOB ANALYSIS AND THE TALENT MANAGEMENT PROCESSThe format to be used to write the job description of the laundry managerFirst of all, we need to analyze the structure of Cater Cleaning Company so that identify the description of job. We can get the table ofstructure by analyzing as shown above.From the drawing above, we can see that laundry organization is the simplest vertical management mode, laundry managers are their basic jobs, but there are multiple posts under them. This simple organizational structure is suitable for this kind of company.From the drawing above, we can see that laundry organization is the simplest vertical management mode, laundry managers are their basic jobs, but there are multiple posts under them. This simple organizational structure is suitable for this kind of company. First of all, the size of a laundry as an enterprise will not be large. Secondly, the generalobjectives and tasks and responsibilities of the Laundromat managers mentioned in the case are relatively specific and relatively small. In the end, the staff of the laundry will not have a high level of knowledge, which is related to the content of their work. To sum up, we should pay attention to the following points in writing the job instructions of the laundry manager.1.The job description should be simple and easy to write in the format, not too complicated2.The job description should be easy to understand in the description of the contentAccording to this, the job description of the form is best suited to the manager of the laundry.What’s more, work standards and procedures should be written into the job description.The job description is a detailed description of the information related to the job, which includes the person concerned, and the description also contains a description of the related matter. The working standard and procedure is a description of the job related matters. It further explains what extent the duty personnel should do and how to do it. As a result, I think that work standards and procedures should be written into the job description.How can Jennifer collect the information needed to write workstandards, work procedures, and job descriptions?I think there are many ways of collecting information, such as the following:1. Summary of the work standards, procedures and job descriptions of similar enterprises.2. Collect opinions on customers and employees.3. Consult a number of experts and intermediaries.4. Get the main information from the activities of employees, actions of people, the working performance, working background and the requirement of employees and so on.The store managers’ job description should look like and contain as the table below.Post Name Post Number Post Category Subordinate Department Post Sequence Post QuotaJob basisJob contentSummary of postJob targetMain Relationship of Post Basic Training RequiredDuties and Standards Basic Capacity RequiredPerformance Indicators Use Tool Equipment Qualification Working HoursProficient Work Period Diversity of Work ExperienceDate of Compilation Dural theConveyances Effective DateInformingCHAPTER 5 PERSONNEL PLANNING AND RECRUTINGHow would I recommend we go about reducing the turnover in our stores? I prepare some solutions below.Making a reasonable recruitment plan is the most important step to keep employees staying in the company. We need to research carefully when we interview them and we must exclude someone shaky. To a certain extent, the rate of turnover will be decreased by doing this.Shaping an attractive corporate culture is an important measure to retain employees and executive. As we all know, a nice kind of culture can shape personality and also form a sense of belonging and dependence.Making positive compensation and welfare is also important for retaining employees. We not only need to give justice salary to employees, but also need to make active welfare system for stimulating. Also, we can offer the company's stock options or equity plans is a relatively low cost way to increase the long-term potential income of employees.Last but not least, we must take care of emotions of employees at any time. Such as their relations with families, with supervisor-subordinate, with colleagues, and even with their own spiritsincluding their career happiness and so on. I believe we can retain our employees much better by doing these I demonstrated above.I think we need these causes to resolve the question how to improve the quality of applicant and the rate of passing.Make a feasible recruitment strategy. HR's own quality and knowledge are also important to choose the appropriate location and location, and to improve the recruitment efficiency.The recruitment information will help us to select talents scientifically, make clear qualifications, and identify highly qualified applicants with competence. In addition, structured interviews can be carried out.Promote the employing department to participate in the whole process of recruitment. Because the work environment, leadership style and management concept are used because of the unit for what kind of It differs from man to man., job seekers, only use department most clearly, therefore, recruitment departments to continue to instill in Department Recruitment concept, promote their active participation in the whole process of recruitment, human resource planning, recruitment, interview needs to develop recruitment, etc.. Last but not least, it is also important to create a harmonious enterprise environment.Considered carefully for all of information the job seekers need when we publishing a job advertisement. We can make jobadvertisement as is shown below.The job advertisement for Cater Cleaning Company AddressPublishing timeDeadlineMore than one year's work experience| Age is not limitedMore than$6 per hour Feedback in 5 daysJob descriptionPost dutiesTenure requirementsWorking experience preferredHave basic management abilityHave strong business understanding, plan execution, writing ability and learning ability.Be familiar with... Laws and regulations to avoid labor disputes;Higher professionalismEnterprise introductionOther information:Department: Human Resources DepartmentProfessional requirementsContactE-mailPlease indicate the name or number of the position in the mail and indicate that the recruitment information comes from the CHAPTER 6 EMPLOYEE TESTING AND SELECTIONSome advantages to Jennifer’s company of routinely administrating honesty tests to all its employees.Testing honesty of employees can not only strengthen the company's discipline, but also keep the company open and fair and the organization structure is complete and transparent.In addition, it can promote the orderly conduct of production and avoid unnecessary financial losses.It can strengthen the cohesiveness of enterprises and setting up a good social image, so as to ensure the credibility of the staff and enhance corporate reputation and customer satisfaction.Some disadvantages to Jennifer’s company of routinely administrating honesty tests to all its employees.Employees maybe lack a sense of security and belonging, and they feel that they are doubted by their superiors. Also, it may increase the cost of work and time and reduce the effective rate of return of enterprisesWhat other screening techniques could the company use to screen out theft-prone and turnover-prone employees? And how exactly could these be used?We can import the introduction of special personnel, who is integrity testing literacy, including leakage theory, information manipulation theory, real monitoring theory, and interpersonal deception theory and so on.Also, we can design integrity test scale to identify the faith of employees. The types of tests are tests of cognitive abilities, tests of motor and physical abilities and measuring personality and interests and achievement tests and improving performance through hires. We can make the background check more valuable information of employees by doing these tests.How to fire a stolen employee and how to deal with the reference calls about these employees when they go to other companies looking for jobs?I think we should fire stolen employees in front of the staffs of our company. Not to let him be disgraced deliberately, but to let employees know how important the sincerity is and how precious the trusts are.As for the reference calls about these employees when they go to other companies looking for jobs, I think I will be mercy to him and tell another company that this employee can be inspected and retained if he didn’t make too much of mistake, even though I fired him abide by the rules. We see, forgiveness and kindness are the greatest virtues, they can save a person who still has a warm heart.CHAPTER 7 INTERVIEWING CANDIDATES The way to improve the practice of interviewing:The main body of the interview is the interviewer and the interviewee, so in order to improve the company's interview practice. We must first have a group of professional interviewers. They should have the following qualities: good insight with some psychology and organizational behavior knowledge of good psychological ability expressed excellent judgment and spoken interview experience preferred logical thinking ability, can according to the resume and job requirements and the basic quality of setting questions to understand the basic knowledge of job industry and knowledge industry the salary level have a good analysis ability.In addition, there are something errors that can undermine an interview’s usefulness and we had better avoid them: first impression, not clarifying what the job requires, candidate-order error and pressure to hire, nonverbal behavior and impression management, effect of personal characteristics including attractiveness, gender and race, etc., diversity counts.She should make an interview form for management and non-management interview questions by doing I illustrate below.Key points and test questions management personnel recruitmentexam questions:1. Do you think what is "management"?Test whether the applicant can combine theoretical management knowledge with work practice.2. A good enterprise to make progress, what is decisive? In the complex market environment, success factors of different enterprise big difference. The answer is to test the extent to which the applicant understands the management of the original unit.What are the 3 you've read about management books? Good management is very pay attention to the collection of information and knowledge updating.3. What do you think is the most difficult as a manager?"Bad news report" is a concise and comprehensive answer. It simply because it can make deep and serious recruiters ask further questions and superficial recruiters will not consider the use of additional questions to ask, do not let the candidates have the opportunity to further elaborate its set people thinking idea, but do not want to understand whether the answer behind what is hidden deep life experience. This answer tells us how a manager in trouble should react."Let those of me be able to act in accordance with my instructions, so that they are ready to do so." It is the second possible answer. This shows that the manager is ready to control the situation and carry out theleadership."To mobilize the enthusiasm of the personnel, to form a competent team." It may be the third way to answer this question, which indicates that the applicant has a deeper experience and has the ability to manage others.There are also specific questions to be faced with as answers. Recruiters need to pay attention to whether a manager has a more open eye as a manager, rather than trying to deal with a specific business.4. You how to control and reduce the risk?We should pay attention to the risk degree candidates aware, then answer the investigation method, and the risk involved, whether there is always such effects on the other.5. What do you think is the relationship with the position you apply for your department or the company's strategy? It is the ability of on the candidates to grasp the overall situation.6. How would you plan and organize an important (or long) of the project?The recruiter should pay attention to the various links of the candidate planning and running the project, not whether the project itself is the closest to the work of the unit.7.How do you deal with the contradiction between the 9 with other departments?No contradiction is unrealistic, and applicants often answer through communication. The question is to see whether the applicant can pay attention to the root of the contradiction and not only solve or deal with the problem means.8. Please briefly talk about you around the typical case management. Inspect whether or not the candidate enterprises success / failure reasons, and sharply pointed out the problem, concise and comprehensive.Jennifer should carry out a training program for the manager. The manager who is for interviewing the stuffs should have this characteristic.We must first have a group of professional interviewers. They should have and prepare me the following qualities: good insight with some psychology and organizational behavior knowledge of good psychological ability expressed excellent judgment and spoken interview experience preferred logical thinking ability, can according to the resume and job requirements and the basic quality of setting questions to understand the basic knowledge of job industry and knowledge industry the salary level have a good analysis ability.CHAPTER 8 TRAINING AND DEVELOPING EMPLOYEESThe Caters should cover in their new employee orientation program and they should convey this information by the table below.ContentsCompany overview, rules and regulations,organizational structure, corporate culture,product knowledge, working hours, payroll,benefits, communication skills, team buildingskills, etc.Guidance of workingPlanningFrom a brief introduction to a longer formal plan,including employee employment guidancemanuals, human resources department work,department heads' guidance, special seminars,etc.TrainingProvide employees with the skills required tocomplete their present work Overview of trainingDevelopmentDeveloping current or future managers to solvecurrent and future possible jobs Aim of trainingTechnical skills required to impart workThe survival and development of the enterprise needs speedand flexibility to meet the requirements of the customer inquality, variety, convenience, time saving and other aspects.Impart other more extensive skills to employees, such ascommunication, team building, and other skillsStrengthening the dedication of employees by trainingEvaluation: identify training needsSet up training goals which is clear and measurableTraining: job training, job trainingThe basic process oftrainingEvaluation: Reflect performanceResponse: the trainee's response to the training programKnowledge: test the traineeBehavior: to understand the changes in the behavior of the trainedtraineesEvaluation of trainingeffectEffectiveness: measure the final results of a plan based on apredetermined training goalWe should use such a form to analyze the work of the counter attendant. Counter attendant task analysis record table is as to below.Importance Concrete work Take up time5Responsible for the store customers and theshuttle service, and introduces the mainservices of laundry facilities and equipmentand method of use to the guests15%6To deal with the various items entrusted byguests in this area.20%4Read the work record carefully, and completethe work handed down work5%1Responsible for the inspection, declarationand change of the equipment state with anerror rate of zero; assist the supervisor tocoordinate the hygienic condition of the store;30%9In charge of assisting the cleaners to do a goodjob in the store, the rate of qualification is100%5%7Responsible for security work in the store andreporting of emergencies, report supervisor ina timely manner if situation is found.5%3Master the lease of the shop equipment, fill inthe daily and do the work of the handoverclass (check the 2 rooms for each flight)5%5Deliver and record the guest's legacy in time10%10Complete the other tasks assigned by thesuperior5%In the training of ironing workers, decontamination workers, managers, and counter attendants, we should use specific training methods as is mentioned below.Work category Training methodsDirect supervisor: dry cleaning / washing SupervisorResponsibilities: accept the leadership of the group leader, finishthe hospitality and ironing work with high quality and efficiencyIroning workers Job description:(1)According to the working procedures and standards, all kinds of machine do the preparatory work before the use of security check Patient.(2)Clean, maintain a clean and tidy work area.(3)Complete other work assigned by the captain and senior management, etc..Decontaminationworkers Strictly abide by the system of disinfection and isolation.Do a good job of occupational protection, enter the decontamination area to wear the appropriate protective equipment (including round cap,Masks, isolation clothes or waterproof aprons, gloves, special shoes, goggles, etc., must not move freely in other areas. Recycling equipment inventory check, registration, transfer of work.counter attendants Look back the previous answer in detail.CHCAPTER 9 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND APPRAISALJennifer believes that the proposal to establish a formal work performance evaluation system for workers is correct.The proposal to establish a formal work performance evaluation system for managers is also correct. My reason and design are below.Managers are the backbone of organizing talents, and play a more and more important role in the development of modern organizations. The structure of job performance evaluation of middle managers is to establish a scientific, complete and effective performance evaluation system, so as to achieve effective management for middle managers. The work performance of middle managers is a multi-dimensional construct. This multidimensional structure can effectively explain those behaviors reflected in the job performance questionnaire. Job performance is a construct that can be reflected by behavior. Therefore, we can identify those typical behaviors and form a measurement tool that has certain reliability (internal consistency) for measuring job performance.I’ve researched the five factor structure model of the middle level manager of the organization to make a formal measure to the managers and workers of Cater Cleaning Company.interpersonal communication Maintaining good interpersonal relationships Solidarity and collaboration Communication and coordinationListen to advice / adviceCare for subordinatesHelp peopleActing style flexiblePay attention to details Autonomy / independence introspection Enthusiasm and dedication To grant authorization Match word to deedleadership behavior Safeguard the interests of the Department Supervision / controlStandard managementstrainPolicy decisionCalm / calm downAssumed liabilitiesTask execution Organization and command Improvement and innovation Motivating and directing subordinates Plan and implementSolve the problemBe conscientious and conscientious Work conscientiously and responsible ObeySelf-discipline and leadWork initiative and enterprisingCHAPTER 10 MANAGING EMPLOYEE RETENTION, ENGAGEMENT, AND CAREERSThe benefits of career planning program are below.First of all, career management is the primary problem of the rational allocation of enterprise resources. Human resource is a kind of can continue to develop and continuously increment resource value, because of the development of human resources through continuous updating of people's knowledge and skills, improve people's creativity, so that the life of "material" resources as its use, especially in the era of knowledge economy, knowledge has become the social the main body, and to grasp and create these knowledge is "people", so enterprises should pay more attention to people's wisdom, skill, ability and comprehensive development. Therefore, to strengthen the occupation career management, make the best use, is the primary problem of the rational allocation of enterprise resources. If the rational allocation of people is left, the rational allocation of enterprise resources is an empty word.Secondly, career management can fully mobilize the intrinsic enthusiasm of the people, and better realize the organizational goals of the enterprise. Occupation career management is to help employees improve satisfaction levels in various needs, to meet the needs of the。
管理案例分析卡特赛车第一部分和第二部分杰克•布里丹,西姆•西特金1986年第一部分约翰•卡特正犹豫不决,但他的兄弟兼合伙人弗瑞德•卡特正在电话上等着他做决定。
他们是否应当参加此次车赛?到目前为止,本赛季都很成功,但波科诺车赛因其高额资金和允诺的电视曝光显得也很重要。
今年作为参赛的第一年,过得尤为艰难,因为车队想打出名声来,因此不得不参加很多小型赛事,比赛获得成功意味着更多赞助商,一次开始盈利并改变车队的机会,以及只参加大型赛事的奢侈。
但是,如果他们在全国电视转播中,再次碰到引擎故障……约翰想:“引擎故障真令人痛苦”。
在本赛季的二十四次比赛中,车队的三车发生过七次故障,对引擎和赛车造成了不同程度的损伤。
没人知道是为什么。
更换价值2万美元的赛车引擎花掉了不少赞助经费,而浪费掉的参赛费用也不是个小数目。
约翰和弗瑞德所拥有的一切都来自于卡特参加赛车。
本赛季必须取得成功。
引擎机械师保罗•爱德华猜测,引擎问题可能与环境气温有关。
他坚持认为,气温较低时,缸头与缸体不同的膨胀率会破坏汽缸垫,造成引擎故障。
作业的温度降到了零度以下,这意味着第二天早上开赛时天气会很冷。
首席机械师汤姆•伯恩斯则不同意保罗的直觉,他有数据支持自己的立场(见图1)。
他指出,10次汽缸垫故障发生在各种温度条件下,这意味着温度不是问题所在。
塔姆已参与赛车业20年,他认为运气也是成功的一项重要因素。
他常说:“比赛中,你在将已知的东西推向极限,这就意味着有些东西不可能完全处于掌控之下。
如果你想赢,就必须冒风险,赛车的每个人都知道这一点。
赛车手的生命牵于一线,而每场比赛都关乎我的职业,你们这些家伙的每一分钱都与赛车息息相关。
击败对手,赢得比赛才是真正令人激动的事情。
”昨晚吃晚饭时,他在他的论据中又加入了一条他所谓的伯恩斯赛车第一法则:“没有人坐在坑里赢得比赛。
机械专业通用计算题1.试用牛顿法求()221285f X x x =+的最优解,设()[]01010TX =。
初始点为()[]01010TX =,则初始点处的函数值和梯度分别为()()0120121700164200410140f X x x f X x x =+⎡⎤⎡⎤∇==⎢⎥⎢⎥+⎣⎦⎣⎦,沿梯度方向进行一维搜索,有()0100010200102001014010140X X f X αααα-⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤=-∇=-=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦0α为一维搜索最佳步长,应满足极值必要条件()()[]()()()(){}()αϕααααααααm i n 14010514010200104200108min min 200020001=-⨯+-⨯-⨯+-⨯=∇-=X f X f X f()001060000596000ϕαα'=-=, 从而算出一维搜索最佳步长 0596000.05622641060000α==则第一次迭代设计点位置和函数值01010200 1.245283010140 2.1283019X αα--⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦()124.4528302f X =,从而完成第一次迭代。
按上面的过程依次进行下去,便可求得最优解。
2、试用黄金分割法求函数()20f ααα=+的极小点和极小值,设搜索区间[][],0.2,1a b =(迭代一次即可)解:显然此时,搜索区间[][],0.2,1a b =,首先插入两点12αα和,由式 ()1()10.61810.20.5056b b a αλ=--=--=()2()0.20.61810.20.6944a b a αλ=+-=+⨯-=计算相应插入点的函数值()()4962.29,0626.4021==ααf f 。
因为()()12f f αα>。
所以消去区间[]1,a α,得到新的搜索区间[]1,b α, 即[][][]1,,0.5056,1b a b α==。
卡特与里根的领导风格卡特与里根都曾担任美国总统,但由于各自领导风格不同,在美国历史上的影响也有很大的差别。
卡特做了一任总统之后未能连任,里根却当选两届总统,并在美国历史上留下了光辉的一页。
卡特原是一名海军军官,也是一位核能专家,在佐治亚州两届州长的任期内,就以一个有专业背景的管理人而闻名于世。
就任总统之后,为了要管理好这个庞大的联邦政府,他每天身陷在堆积如山的公文中不能自拔。
据说他样样精通,事必躬亲,不是在办公桌上批阅文件,就是在会议室里详细研究问题。
但是,遇到抛头露面的时候,如全国电视演说或是召开记者会时,他就显得相当紧张、拘谨。
他在总统任期内最大的成就,是促使埃及的萨达特与以色列的贝京放弃世代的仇恨与战争,迈向和平的新纪元。
然而这项壮举却是关起门来在密室中达成的,没有人能一窥究竟,甚至连媒体也不得而知。
到了竞选连任那年,他虽然采取了各种沟通策略,如接受媒体访问、电视演说、到各地演讲等,大力鼓吹自己的人权主张,并陈述自己为解救在伊朗的美国人质所做的努力等等,但仍无法使大众对他的领导和政策产生信心。
他虽然是个强有力的管理者,但是少了一点领袖的魅力,也缺少和大众沟通的技巧。
结果,在一般美国人的印象中,卡特是个弱势领导人,马上被里根比了下来。
卡特虽然身为国家领导人,但却是一个不折不扣的管理者,因此可名之为‚管理式的领导者"。
正好和卡特相反,里根的长处则在于沟通,我们可称之为‚领导式的管理者"。
里根入主白宫之后,对于日常繁琐的治国细节,可说是能躲就躲,这是众所周知的。
他把这些事宜交给下面的幕僚来做,自己则专注于‚重大的‛事务。
这个演员出身也当过州长的总统,给人的印象是不擅长行政,不是那种‚日理万机‛型的领袖,他喜欢凡事都通过下属来做。
对于国策顾问的建议和阁员管理各部门的表现,他都不像卡特那样的关心。
里根虽然将复杂的管理事务臵身之外,却被封为‚伟大的沟通家‛,在他任内总有一群人誓死效忠他。
例1(任务分配问题)某车间有甲、乙两台机床,可用于加工三种工件。
假定这两台车床的可用台时数分别为800和900,三种工件的数量分别为400、600和500,且已知用不同车床加工单位数量不同工件所需的台时数和加工费用如下表。
问怎样分配车床的加工任务,才能既满足加工工件的要求,又使加工费用最低?解:设在甲车床上加工工件1、2、3的数量分别为321,,x x x ,在乙车床上加工工件1、2、3的数量分别为654,,x x x 。
建立以下线性规划模型:6543218121110913m in x x x x x x z +++++=⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧=≥≤++≤++=+=+=+6,,2,1,09003.12.15.08001.14.0500600400..654321635241 i x x x x x x x x x x x x x t s i例2 某厂每日8小时的产量不低于1800件。
为了进行质量控制,计划聘请两种不同水平的检验员。
一级检验员的标准为:速度25件/小时,正确率98%,计时工资4元/小时;二级检验员的标准为:速度15件/小时,正确率95%,计时工资3元/小时。
检验员每错检一次,工厂要损失2元。
为使总检验费用最省,该工厂应聘一级、二级检验员各几名? 解: 设需要一级和二级检验员的人数分别为21,x x 人,则应付检验员的工资为:因检验员错检而造成的损失为:故目标函数为:约束条件为:线性规划模型:212124323848x x x x +=⨯⨯+⨯⨯21211282)%5158%2258(x x x x +=⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯2121213640)128()2432(m in x x x x x x z +=+++=⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≥≥≤⨯⨯≤⨯⨯≥⨯⨯+⨯⨯0,0180015818002581800158258212121x x x x x x 213640m in x x z +=例3 投资问题某单位有一批资金用于四个工程项目的投资,用于各工程项目时所得到得净收益(投入资金的百分比)如下表所示:由于某种原因,决定用于项目A 的投资不大于其它各项投资之和;而用于项目B 和C 的投资要大于项目D 的投资。
. .. . .加里·德斯勒《人力资源管理》(第六版)系列案例卡特洗衣公司本书的主要论题是人事管理,像雇员的招募、甄选、培训、报酬等一类的活动。
人事管理不仅是某些人事管理专业人员的特定工作,而且是每一位管理者都必须从事的工作。
这一点大概在典型的小型服务型企业中表现得最为充分。
因为在这一类企业中,业主或管理者往往没有专门的人事职员可以依赖。
不过,他或她的企业却能够取得成功(他或她及其一家人能否为衣食而保持脑子清静),在相当大的程度上有赖于他们在雇员的招募、雇用、培训、评价以及招聘方面的效率如何。
因此,为了有助予描述和强调一线管理者的人事管理角色,我们在全书中将运用一个以位于美国东南部的小型服务企业为实际依据而编写的连续案例。
这个案例分布于各章,它将运用各章所讲述的人力资源管理概念和技术来描述此案例的主角——业主/管理者詹妮弗·卡特(Jennifer Carter)——在日常工作小所面临的各种人事管理问题以及她是如何解决的。
第1章人事/人力资源管理导论案例背景詹妮弗·卡特于1984年6月毕业于州立大学,在对几种可能的工作机会进行考虑之后,她决定从事自己一直计划去做的事情——进入她的父亲杰克·卡特(Jack Carter)的企业。
杰克·卡特分别于1970年和1972年开了自己的第一和第二家洗衣店。
对他来说,这些自动洗衣店的主要吸引力在于它们是资本密集型的而不是劳动密集型的,这样,一旦对机器的投资已经做出,洗衣店靠一个没有什么技术的看管员就足可以维持了,而平常在零售服务业中所常见的那些人事问题就不会出现了。
尽管靠一名无技术的劳动力就能维持运转是卡特开洗衣店的主要原因,但是到1974年,他还是决定扩大服务内容,在各洗衣店中增加干洗和衣物熨烫服务。
换句话说,他增加此项服务所依据的战略是相关多角化经营战略,即增加与现有的自动洗衣业务有关联的那些服务项目。
他增加这些新服务项目的一部分原因是:他所租用的场地当时尚未得到充分的利用,因此,他希望能够更为充分地把场地利用起来;另一方面,正如他所说的:“我已经厌烦了把我们自动洗衣店顾客的衣物送到五英里以外的干洗店去干洗和熨烫,而且还让它们拿走了本属于我们的大多数利润。
目录1高掉话高分配失败案例11.1小区高掉话案例1 (1)1.2小区高掉话案例2 (2)1.3小区高掉话案例2 (2)2信令分析案例33区域性掉话案例53.1区域性掉话案例1 (5)3.2区域性掉话案例2 (6)4切换失败案例74.1INTER BSC切换失败高小区检查74.2INTRA BSC切换失败高小区检查85全网优化案例96答案116.1高掉话高分配失败案例答案116.1.1高掉话高分配失败案例答案1 (11)6.1.2高掉话高分配失败案例答案2 (12)6.1.3高掉话高分配失败案例答案2 (12)6.2信令分析案例答案126.3区域性掉话案例分析答案136.3.1区域性掉话案例答案1 (13)6.3.2区域性掉话案例答案2 (13)6.4切换失败案例答案146.4.1INTER BSC切换失败高小区答案146.4.2INTRA BSC切换失败高小区检查146.5全网优化案例答案151高掉话高分配失败案例1.1小区高掉话案例1以下是某个小区Abis信令统计数据,TA分布:问题1:判断导致该小区高掉话率、TCH高分配失败率的可能原因。
问题2:该小区BCCH是占用哪个频点。
问题3:该小区上下行路径损耗是否正常,路径损耗与哪些因素有关,写出相关的计算公式。
问题4:在空间损耗中,主要损耗原因有哪些?当这些因素扩大一倍,损耗相差几个db?1.2小区高掉话案例2现象:某小区的TCH分配失败率及掉话率很高;根据统计报告观察,均为MC736和MC746B掉话和分配失败,且集中在各个TRX上。
问题1:请列出在几种掉话种类及计数器。
问题2:发生此类问题有几种可能。
问题3:碰到此类问题,请列出优化思路及处理方法。
1.3小区高掉话案例2瓦口1在几个忙时均为坏小区,掉话组成为MC14C,看告警,仅有LOSS-OF-SDCCH,推断为某频点硬件有问题,关跳频、创报告、观察每个频点的占用情况,占用正常,继续观察状态,发现一RSL状态会反转,闭相应硬件无用,开启模块,观察,发现另一RSL状态会反转。
问题1:请问根据上述描述,具体哪个硬件有问题。
问题2:此硬件能携带多少RSL。
问题3:在整个BSC中,最多可以有多少块此类硬件。
2信令分析案例请根据以下该小区的信令图示,分析该小区掉话时的主要特点,并给出调整建议:3区域性掉话案例3.1区域性掉话案例1请根据以下描述信息,判断导致这些小区掉话的可能原因,并给出调整建议。
通过对数据的分类汇总,我们发现有200多个小区是覆盖某市区及其县城的,筛选出部分掉话次数相对较多的小区进行信令跟踪,跟踪后发现这些小区的各项指标(电平值、话音质量、路径损耗等)都很好,但通过对部分掉话的分析发现这些掉话都有如下的一些共性:➢话音信道分配后上、下行电平均较好,话音质量也很好,随后就进行了合理的功控(适当的减少了MS及BS的发射功率),以此来减少不必要的干扰;➢通话一定时间后上行电平突然陡降到-110dBm以下,话音质量立刻为7,此时虽及时进行了功控(满功率发射),但上行电平和话音质量仍极差,并由此RLTO计时溢出造成MC736掉话。
➢在上行电平陡降的过程中,邻区信号也随之突然消失。
➢此类掉话的TA分布离基站较近,大约1公里围。
3.2区域性掉话案例2某BSC出现大量的掉话,怀疑是硬件问题,做A口信令跟踪如下:问题1:根据此信令,可以判断出有什么问题?问题2:如果无信令跟踪设备,可以用什么方法来判断此类问题?问题3:在优化过程中,碰到此类问题,请说出具体解决方法及思路。
4切换失败案例4.1INTER BSC切换失败高小区检查某小区(CI=104)切换成功率较低,通过话务统计报告分析,发现该小区切出成功率正常,但切入成功率较低。
进一步分析发现,该小区与在同一BSC下的其他小区之间无论切入切出均正常,而与非同一BSC下的其他小区间,切出正常,切入均不成功。
为此,通过A接口信令统计数据(见下表),进行了更深入的分析。
问题:请画出同一交换机下BSC间的切换信令流程,并根据信令流程说明该小区在切入上的主要问题出在哪个环节,由此判断问题产生的可能原因。
101 104 0 0 0 03202 104 49 0 49 02013 104 1 0 1 03061 104 1 0 1 04.2INTRA BSC切换失败高小区检查某小区(16705_3822)切换成功率较低,通过话务统计报告分析如下:其180报告如下:问题1:根据列出的统计报告,判别此小区存在什么问题?问题2:判断的问题具体应如何处理?5全网优化案例如果你作为优化队伍的Team Leader,请根据下述信息,对整个网络做一个初步的分析和判断,并在此次基础上制订出相应的优化技术方案。
(注:请说明你分析和判断的依据及制订技术方案的理由。
)网络规模如下:4个MSC、17个BSC、880个小区、4192个载频,其中市区13个BSC、3245个载频、610个小区,微小区80个(室外微小区9个),全网话务量6500Erl左右。
频率分配如下:宏小区使用频段12.6M(频点20-82),其中BCCH使用3M (频点20-34),TCH使用9.6M(频点35-82),为1*3方式射频跳频;微小区频段2.4M(频点83-94),采用基带跳频。
部分室外微小区也采用射频跳频。
优化前,发现网络具有如下一些特点:➢全网掉话率、网干扰水平都比较高;➢在用户话费促销政策的影响下,全网话务量持续走高,甚至个别高配置基站出现了经常性的话务拥塞;用户希望通过紧急扩容来解决。
➢为了吸收热点地区的话务,用户将部分空闲小区的载频通过光纤直放站耦合的方式,覆盖到热点地区,认为即解决了热点地区的话务,又充分利用了闲置载频,但发现这些小区的掉话率增高明显。
信令跟踪表明,上行质量明显变差,上下路径损耗明显不等。
➢通过网管指标,发现全网受干扰的空闲时隙从某一时期开始持续增加,且主要集中在市区部分小区。
有的小区空闲时隙持续受到干扰,有的小区却是不定期出现。
此时,联通C网的基站正在逐渐开通并试运行。
调查也发现,市场上出现了一些用于防止用户在一些特殊场所(如加油站、会议室)使用移动的干扰器。
➢部分室外微小区的话务量一直偏低,但掉话次数较高。
用户对微小区吸收不了足够的话务表示不满,但尚未做细致的调查。
➢部分室微小区,在靠近窗口附近,用户反映话音质量较差,听不清楚。
调查时,发现靠近窗口的室外信号都比较强,覆盖良好,但比较容易在室外小区间切换。
➢在市区路测中,发现掉话也比较多。
分析发现:在主干道上,道路两侧的室微小区的信号泄漏到了马路上,信号较强,但不够稳定。
当手机切换到这些微小区,或在其上发起呼叫时,话音质量较差,电平衰落较快,手机还没来得及切换到室外宏小区时,就产生了掉话。
6答案6.1高掉话高分配失败案例答案6.1.1高掉话高分配失败案例答案1问题1:从Dafne信令上来看,TRX 1的上行接收质量、TRX 4 的下行接收质量偏大,初步怀疑是载频硬件问题,主要是因为如果有干扰源干扰的话,接收质量一般在0.6—0.8,所以初步怀疑是载频有隐性故障。
问题2 :BCCH占用的频点为1,在BCCH参与PC,所以发射功率为满功率发射。
问题3:该小区的TRX 1路径损耗偏大。
路径损耗分上下行路径损耗,具体的公式如下:下行传输路径损耗=基站机顶功率-基站馈线损耗+基站天线增益+移动台天线增益-移动台馈线损耗-移动台接收灵敏度-人体损耗-功率余量上行传输路径损耗=移动台功率-移动台馈线损耗+移动台天线增益-人体损耗+基站天线增益+分集增益+塔放带来的增益-基站馈线损耗-基站接收灵敏度-功率余量当上下行平衡时应该有:基站机顶功率-移动台接收灵敏度=移动台功率+分集增益-基站接收灵敏度问题4:在空间损耗中,主要和发射功率、距离有关,这些因素扩大一倍增加6db损耗。
6.1.2高掉话高分配失败案例答案2问题1:分四种掉话,MC736 无线链路原因造成的掉话、MC739 传输原因造成掉话、MC621 切换原因造成掉话、MC14C BSS原因造成掉话。
问题2、3:因为掉话在小区各个载频上,针对这类问题,首先是关闭跳频观察问题是在TRX上还是整个小区,对单TRX问题先进行硬件RESET,更换频点,排除频率问题,如无效则更换硬件观察;根据此题目问题描述,整个小区都存在掉话和高分配失败,怀疑是天馈或者AN模块存在问题,对天馈的检查可以使用SITE MASTER,排除天馈问题后建议更换AN模块。
6.1.3高掉话高分配失败案例答案2问题1:根据现象描述,因为是RSL不断进行TAKEOVER,所以应该是控制RSL 的BSC上TCU板存在问题。
问题2:每个TCU可以处理两个Half Rate 或四个Full Rate TRX。
问题3:当采用CONFIG 6的最大配置,可以配置14个A-bis TSU ,每个TSU由一块BIUA PBA 和8 TCUC PBA组成。
6.2信令分析案例答案问题1:根据图1分析,其测量报告显示其覆盖过远。
根据图2分析,掉话时候,上行接收电平在1秒从-82dbm徒降到-110bdm,下行接收电平也过低。
根据图3分析,掉话时候上下行语音质量都很差。
根据图4显示,掉话时候的TA为9,及离开基站距离大约为5公里。
问题2:根据上面的分析,可以判断此小区覆盖过远(无直放站情况下)。
建议压低其下倾角,也可以降低功率,但是降低功率会引起近端室覆盖状况。
对于这个掉话,可以进行路测分析,分析在TA=9的情况下小区的覆盖状况,如覆盖良好,则是在进入室或其他一些覆盖差的区域,导致电平突降然后掉话;如果在TA=9时候覆盖已经不好,可以检查基站的发射功率是否正常,如果正常,为满足此处覆盖,可以考虑采用大功率的发射载频、高辐射的天线或者在可以进行硬件调整的情况下,尽量调整硬件减少其合路,这些都无效建议增加微蜂窝。
6.3区域性掉话案例分析答案6.3.1区域性掉话案例答案1问题1:根据分析,可以判断其覆盖良好,语音质量也良好,无硬件故障,掉话都是集中在近端,而且都是电平突降造成的掉话,在电平突降中也及时进行了功率控制,所以可以考虑是室衰耗过大。
为满足此处覆盖,可以考虑采用大功率的发射载频、高辐射的天线或者在可以进行硬件调整的情况下,尽量调整硬件减少其合路,这些都无效建议增加微蜂窝。
6.3.2区域性掉话案例答案2问题1:根据信令判断,在PCM 3的TS 7上存在分配不成功,在无线侧可能是TC上的MT120存在隐性故障。
问题2:无信令跟踪设备,可以根据原始的018报告进行甄别。
问题3:碰到此类问题,首先观察在全网、BSC、BTS还是小区上出现掉话,此问题出现在BSC上,所以要根据110报告观察掉话的成因是无线、BSS、传输还是切换,象此类掉话应该是很多的MC739掉话,最后根据018报告算出是哪个链路,根据链路查出其Ater的端口号。