电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译3.1

Technology of Modern CommunicationText A: BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable（轻便的）and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness （稳健）, low power, and low cost .The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

蓝牙技术的主要特点是稳健，低功耗和低成本。

蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构，适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc（特别） networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.蓝牙技术已取得全球认可，使得任何支持蓝牙的设备，几乎在世界各地，可以连接到其他支持蓝牙的邻近装置。

Technology of Modern CommunicationText A: BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable（轻便的）and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security.The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness（稳健）, low power, and low cost .The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

蓝牙技术的主要特点是稳健，低功耗和低成本。

蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构，适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc（特别）networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.蓝牙技术已取得全球认可，使得任何支持蓝牙的设备，几乎在世界各地，可以连接到其他支持蓝牙的邻近装置。

Technology of Modern CommunicationText A: BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable（轻便的）and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security.The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness（稳健）, low power, and low cost .The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

蓝牙技术的主要特点是稳健，低功耗和低成本。

蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构，适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc（特别）networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.蓝牙技术已取得全球认可，使得任何支持蓝牙的设备，几乎在世界各地，可以连接到其他支持蓝牙的邻近装置。

Technology of Modern CommunicationText A: BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable（轻便的）and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security.The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness（稳健）, low power, and low cost .The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

蓝牙技术的主要特点是稳健，低功耗和低成本。

蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构，适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc（特别）networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.蓝牙技术已取得全球认可，使得任何支持蓝牙的设备，几乎在世界各地，可以连接到其他支持蓝牙的邻近装置。

1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管，并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There has been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布，他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升，如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。

4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力，从而能适应高速采样速率，但它的基本形式非常耗电。

5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段，能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器，从而减小板卡面积和成本。

信号系统和信号处理陈武0830010209 信号与系统的概念出现在广阔的范围内，在科学技术的不同领域，如通信、航空航天、电路设计、声学、地震学、生物医学工程、发电和输电系统，化学过程控制和语音处理中都离不开这个概念的思想与技术。

它在科学技术中发挥了重要作用。

在这篇文章，我们简单地介绍连续、离散的信号和系统的数学表示，和信号能量和功率的概念。

1.时间连续和时间离散信号信号可以描述广泛的无理现象，尽管信号可以用很多方法表示，但在所有的方法中，信号中的信息都包含在一组不同形式的变量中，例如，假设图3-1是一个简单的电路，这是，时域上的电源和电容电压。

Vs和Vc就是信号的例子。

在数学上，信号是一个或多个自变量的函数。

例如，语音在数学上可以表示成声音压力关于时间的函数；一张图可以表示成亮度关于两个空间变量的函数。

尽管在一些特殊的运用中不是描述时间的，为了方便起见，我们一般用时间作变量；例如，在地理学，是用信号描述变量为物理特征程度来研究地球结构，如米芾、多孔性、和电阻性。

同样地，在气象调查中，知道空气压力、湿度和海拔风速的变量是极其重要的。

图3-2描绘一个典型的年度平均纵向风剖面关于高度的函数。

海拔风速这个测量变量是用来核对天气类型的，同时，风状态可能影响直升机的最终到达和降落。

在这篇稳重，我们将要考虑两种不同类型的信号：时间连续信号和时间离散信号。

时间连续的信号，自变量是连续的，因此这些信号被定义成值为连续的自变量。

相反地，离散时间信号被定义成离散，因此，对这些信号来说，自变量智能取一系列离散的值。

关于时间和气压，光宇海拔的函数——语音信号，就是时间连续信号的例子。

图3-3所描述的道琼斯的周股票市场索引就是时间离散信号的例子。

为了区别时间连续和时间离散信号，我们一般符号t来表示时间连续的自变量，用n来表示时间离散的自变量。

另外，对于时间连续信号，我们用圆括号（·）来围住自变量；然而，对离散信号，我们是用方括号[·]来围住自变量。

Technology of Modern CommunicationText A: BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable（轻便的）and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness （稳健）, low power, and low cost .The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

蓝牙技术的主要特点是稳健，低功耗和低成本。

蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构，适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc（特别） networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.蓝牙技术已取得全球认可，使得任何支持蓝牙的设备，几乎在世界各地，可以连接到其他支持蓝牙的邻近装置。

ResistorA resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is ,in accordance wit h Ohm’s law :V=IR .The electrica l resistance R is equal to the voltage drop V across the resistor divided by the current I through the resistor. Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits.电阻器是一个二端口电子元件,电阻是阻止电流流动，通过按比例产生其端子之间的电压降的电流,也就是说,根据欧姆定律:V = IR。

电阻R等于电压降V除以通过电阻的电流I。

电阻作为电子网络和电子电路的一部分。

TransistorIn electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals . A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material , with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor’s terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled current can be much larger than the controlling current, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is used in radio, telephone, computer and other electronic systems. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits.在电子技术中，晶体管是一种，常用来放大或进行开关控制电子信号的半导体器。

1。

"In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world：seismic vibrations visual images， sound waves， etc。

DSP isthe mathematics，the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form.”在大多数情况下，这些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉，比如地震的震动，视觉图像,声音波形等。

数字信号处理是一种数学工具,是一种用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形式后的信号的算法和技术.2.Fourier’s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysis and treatment of communication signals 函数的傅里叶表示,即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加，这种方法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析和处理。

3。

If f （t ） is a nonperiodic signal, the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine, does not accurately represent the signal. You couldartificially extend thesignal to make it periodicbut it would requireadditional continuity at the endpoints . 如果f(t)是非周期信号，那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和，并不能精确的表示该信号f(t).你可以人为的拓展这个信号使其具有周期性，但是这要求在端点处附加连续性4。

3.2 数字信号处理1 简介数字信号处理是21世纪用于科学和工程领域最强大的技术之一，它使一个广阔的领域发生了革命性的改变：通信，医学影像，雷达或声纳，高保真音乐复制，石油勘测，以上只是列举几个。

每个领域都有它自身独特的算法（algorithm），数学运算（mathematic），专用工艺（specialized technique）。

数字信号处理在计算机科学方面有别于其他领域，因为他采用一种特殊的数据类型：信号。

现代社会中，我们的身边充满各种类型的信号。

有些信号是天然形成的，但大多数是人为制造的。

有些信号是必要的（语音），有些是宜人的（音乐），而有些信号在某个特定的场合是不需要或不必要的。

在大多数情况下，这些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉，比如地震的震动，视觉图像，声音波形等。

数字信号处理是一种数学工具，是一种用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形式后的信号的算法和技术。

这包括一系列目的，如：视觉图像的优化处理，语音识别和生成，数据压缩存储和传输等。

在工程范围内，信号是信息的载体，既有益又有害。

信号处理中最简单的形式是从一连串相互矛盾的信息中提取和增强有用信息。

信息的有用和无用往往只是主管和客观的区别。

因此信号处理往往依赖于应用程序。

傅里叶分析和滤波器设计是信号处理时常用的方法。

他们的原则简单描述如下。

2 傅里叶分析函数的傅里叶表示，即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加，这种方法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析和处理。

傅里叶变换的效用在于它能够在时域范围内分析它的频率内容。

变换的第一步是将时域上的函数转换为时域表示。

（The transform works by first translating a function in the time domain into a function in the frequency domain）。

然后就可以分析信号的频率内容了。

因为变换函数的傅里叶系数代表各个正弦和余弦函数在各自对应频率区间的分配。

Technology of Modern CommunicationText A: BluetoothBluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable（轻便的）and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security.The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness（稳健）, low power, and low cost .The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other.蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

蓝牙技术的主要特点是稳健，低功耗和低成本。

蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构，适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc（特别） networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.蓝牙技术已取得全球认可，使得任何支持蓝牙的设备，几乎在世界各地，可以连接到其他支持蓝牙的邻近装置。

ResistorA resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is,in accordance with Ohm’s law :V=IR .The electrical resistance R is equal to the voltage drop V across the resistor divided by the current I through the resistor. Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits.电阻器是一个二端口电子元件,电阻是阻止电流流动，通过按比例产生其端子之间的电压降的电流,也就是说,根据欧姆定律:V = IR。

电阻R等于电压降V除以通过电阻的电流I。

电阻作为电子网络和电子电路的一部分。

TransistorIn electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals .A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material , with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor’s terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled current can be much larger than the controlling current, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is used in radio, telephone, computer and other electronic systems. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits.在电子技术中，晶体管是一种，常用来放大或进行开关控制电子信号的半导体器。

Unit 3 电磁场，天线和微波Unit 3-1第一部分：电磁场电磁场是由带电物体产生的物理场。

它会影响场附近的带电物体的行为。

电磁场在空间无限延伸，描述电磁相互作用。

它是自然界中四个基本作用力之一（其余为万有引力，弱相互作用，强相互作用）。

电磁场可以看成是电场和磁场的结合。

电场是由静止电荷产生的，磁场由运动电荷（电流）产生；这两种（电荷）通常被描述为电磁场的源。

电荷和电流与电磁场相互作用的方式由麦克斯韦方程组和洛伦兹力定律所描述。

从经典的角度，电磁场可认为使平滑、连续的场，以波动方式传播；而从量子力学的角度，场可看作是由光子组成的。

电磁场的结构电磁场可用两种截然不同的观点来看。

连续结构：经典地，电场和磁场被认为是由带电物体的平滑运动产生的。

例如，振荡电荷产生电场和磁场，可看成光滑的、连续的波动方式。

这时，能量可以看成是在任意两个位置之间通过电磁场连续地传递。

例如，在无线电发射机中的金属原子（看来是）连续地传递能量。

这个观点在一定程度上（低频辐射）是有用的，但是高频时就有问题（如紫外灾难）。

由此产生了另一种观点。

离散结构：电磁场可以一种比较“粗略”的方式来考虑。

实验表明：电磁场的能量传递可以更好地描述为用固定频率的光子来传递。

普朗克的关系式将光子的能量E及其频率ν通过下式联系起来E = h ν ，其中h是为纪念马克斯普朗克而命名的普朗克常量。

ν是光子的频率。

例如在光电效应中，即因电磁辐射而从金属表面发射电子的现象，我们发现增加入射辐射的强度并无影响，只有辐射频率与发射的电子有关。

已经证明电磁场的量子描述是非常成功的，引出了量子电动力学。

量子电动力学是一种描述电磁辐射与带电物体之间相互作用的量子场理论。

电磁场的动力学过去，认为带电物体会产生与它们电荷性质有关的两种场。

相对于测量电荷性质的观察者，电荷静止时产生电场，电荷运动（产生电流）时产生磁场（和电场）。

随着时间的推移，人们认识到电场和磁场是电磁场这一整体的两个部分。

电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者：唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W. Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division, so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the '70s. Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system's stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room. Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit, so the application of feedback to machines began to grow. There really wasn't much call for electronic feedback design until computers and transducers become of age.1945年HW伯德提出了一套系统方法，用图形化方法来分析反馈系统的稳定性。

专业英语（电子与信息工程类）翻译1.As data networks advanced…also grew more complex.由于数据网络从面向终端的系统向分组交换、计算机与计算机连接的方向发展，执行网络功能所必需的协议也变得愈来愈复杂。

2.An additional bit called a parity bit…during transmission.在每个字符的后面有时还包括一个称为奇偶校验位的附加位，它们测试数据位在传输过程中是否被意外改变。

3.As already stated，with…downlink（FDD paired bands）.如前所述，在非对称通信量应用中，TD-SCDMA利用可用频谱的效率比其他3G 标准高，因为它在只利用一个频带（TDD单一频带）而不是两个独立的频带（FDD成对频带）进行上行及下行通信。

4.Although often simpler to implement，…digital modulation.虽然光纤系统的模拟调制易于实现，但其效率较低，且要求在接收端有比数字调制高得多的信噪比。

5.At present，the bandwidth…electronics （）is possible.目前传输100km的几吉赫兹的调制信号和传输300km的几百兆赫兹的调制信号都是可能的，因此光纤系统的可用带宽并没有得到充分利用。

6.Both TD-SCDMA deployments-TSD…unpaired bands awarded.TD-SCDMA的两种部署——TSM和TDDCLR的数据速率、频谱利用率、覆盖率、移动性和可靠性等性能是一样的，并基本上为所有取得非成对TDD频段牌照的运营商所采用。

7.Crossbar switching was carried…selection for all calls.纵横制交换由一个称为标志器的特定电路控制，标志器提供整个号码的公共控制并选择所有呼叫的路由。

1."In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world: seismic vibrations visual images, sound waves, etc. DSP isthe mathematics, the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form." 在大多数情况下，这些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉，比如地震的震动，视觉图像，声音波形等。

数字信号处理是一种数学工具，是一种用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形式后的信号的算法和技术。

2.Fourier’s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysis and treatment of communication signals 函数的傅里叶表示，即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加，这种方法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析和处理。

3.If f (t ) is a nonperiodic signal, the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine, does not accurately represent the signal. You could artificially extend the signal to make it periodic but it would require additional continuity at the end points . 如果f(t)是非周期信号，那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和，并不能精确的表示该信号f(t)。