热点5动词(二)
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热点05 完形填空【命题趋势】在一篇250词左右的短文中留出十五个空白(原来是二十个),要求考生从四个词性或结构相同的备选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
本题型被选项涉及动词、名词、形容词、词组和副词,虽然不涉及近义词辨析,但要牢记词汇基本词义并注意熟词新意。
本题型旨在考查考生在短文中出现的语境、逻辑、固定搭配、行文习惯、文化习惯情况下灵活、准确使用词汇、词组的能力。
【满分技巧】解题时要考虑的要点:在准确把握、筛选所有备选项词义的情况下,考虑如下几点:A. 考虑上下文的联系本题型所设的空白绝大部分与上下文有联系。
这种联系可通过相互暗示、重复、注释、同义或反义词、褒贬等线索体现出来。
B. 考虑上下文语境是否符合语境是确定答案必须考虑的方面。
语境通过逻辑、语气等体现。
C. 考虑固定搭配、行文习惯、文化习惯以及常识、常理。
【技巧应用】下面以《2020年山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)》为例来阐述《满分技巧》的实际应用:A. 原题阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became hissecond_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the_____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holesto______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
一、行政材料用词积累1、“以...为XX”:为基础(基点)、为核心(中心)、为根本、为重点、为举措(手段)、为载体(平台)、为保障(保证\后盾)、为契机、为总揽、为抓手、为目标、为动力、为依托、为突破、为目的、为关键、为先导、为宗旨、为支撑、为指导、为导向、为方向、为驱动、为主体、为补充、为标准、为主线、为主题。
2、三字“为”:为立足点、为出发点、为切入点、突破口、为落脚点、闪光点、结合点、根本点、增长点、着力点、动力点、关键点。
3、三字“于”:立足于、着眼于、贯穿于。
4、“渐进类”词语:日益、日趋、日惭、日臻、不断、逐步、稳步、深化、深入、推进、推动、促进、5、“建立类及程度类”词语:探索、实行、建立、健全、构建、打造、争创、创建、规范、完善、创新、强化、加大、加强、加快、加速、加紧、严格、突出。
6、“四导”:宣传倡导、服务指导、示范引导、监管督导。
7、“新XXX”:新机制、新路子、新模式、新环境、新载体、新途径、新突破、新优势、新方向、新跨越、新发展、新趋势、新期待、新局面、新格局、新成就、新变化、新面貌。
8、吹响集结号、齐奏交响乐、共谱和谐曲。
9、念好联字经、架起连心桥、铺就致富路、奏响和谐曲。
10、组合类:探索新路子、创新新模式、实现新突破、推动新跨越、促进新发展。
11、建立工作新机制、明确发展新方向、拓展增收新途径、积聚建设新优势、探索试点新路子。
12、启示类:两字类:是前提、是基础、是关键、是核心、是保证。
四字类:前提条件、基础保证、关键环节、核心所在、有效举措、重要手段、有效载体。
13、时期类:关键时期、重要时期、攻坚时期。
14、重要类:重要源泉、重要支撑、重要因素、重要阶段、重要力量、重点途径。
15、战略机遇期、发展加速期、结构转型期、攻坚爬坡期。
二、机关公文常用词句大全本大全旨在使"爬格子"的微友在遣词造句时可少搜肠刮肚,在写作公文时可免绞尽脑汁,在领悟机关文风和完成写作任务的同时收获更多的东东。
热点02 短文填空【命题趋势】中考英语试卷中,短文题材非常广泛,可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等、不过、所选的文章,一般都是大家比较熟悉的材料。
这是一种短文性很强且难度较大的题型。
考查的是大家对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力以及对全文的逻辑推理能力。
【满分技巧】1. 跳过空格,速读全文,把握大意短文填空题的正确答题流程应该为:粗读全文,细读全文并完成每道题目的作答复读检查。
在粗读阶段,大家应学会无视短文填空题中的空格,直接获取整篇短文的主要信息,以便后续作答环节利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。
2. 细读全文,瞻前顾后,各个击破在细读阶段,大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。
若无法确定答案,则应联系该空格的前后文,获得该题目的提示信息,逐一完成作答,短文填空题的解答最好按前后顺序完成,当后部题目的解答面临困扰时,大家可再次精读前文,寻找线索,最终正确作答。
【热点话题】短文热衷话题有:健康、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。
健康【限时检测】(建议用时:30分钟)A(2019 •广元)阅读短文,再从方框内选择恰当的单词,并用其适当的形式填空。
请将正确答案填写在答题卡上的相应位置。
In recent years, many people think happiness is the most important thing, but facing 1 bravely may be more helpful. Some researchers in the University of Melbourne say that society is trying to avoid unhappy things. It will be 2 to people’s health. One researcher says happy people may not be happy in their mind. These people hide unhappy things 3 their hearts. After a long time, this mood will be bad for mental and physical heath.How do we keep really happy? We should keep humorous, have lots of hobbies, be kind and 4 our funwith others more. If we are sad, we should tell others or cry loud. If we are happy, we should be really happy.1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________B(2019 •甘肃省兰州市)阅该下面的短文,用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使文意通顺,结构正确。
热点05 完型填空(新高考)一篇200词左右的短文,被挖去15个空格,势必会造成文意残缺,但完形填空挖空的精妙之处就在于“藕虽断,线还连”。
这千丝万缕的“丝”能保证文意的疏通连贯,高考命题正是利用这一点来进行科学布“空”,故在解答完形填空时,一定要通读全篇,先把握文章大意,再根据文意和基本语言知识逐一完形。
切忌“只见树木,不见森林”的碎片化、片断化答题方式。
命题专家有话说新高考新变化从2021年新高考全国卷来看,完形填空有如下变化:1.完形填空是以语篇信息为基础,以中心脉络信息为主线,多层面反复式信息为暗示,纵横向立体式信息相照应,给考生提供足够的解题信息。
2.完形填空的考点层次从低到高可分为:词汇层次、句子层次、语篇层次。
3.(1)文章长度:200词左右,较以往20空完形填空有所减短。
(2)空格设置:由原来的20空变为15个空,分值也大大降低,由以往的30分降为15分。
4、选材特点:完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主,主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然,选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章,在思想上和行动上树立了积极的榜样,倡导至真、至善、至美的价值观。
5、考查特点主要考查实词。
一般情况下,名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上。
在能力方面着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。
1、练好基本功多读、多记,加大输入量,不断积累,及时归纳总结,从量变到质变。
2、培养“两”感多想、多悟,培养良好的词感和语感。
3、多做填字游戏读的时候头脑清醒,能做的时候先做;不能做的,暂时放弃,眼光放远一点,就会有柳暗花明之时,找到做题的线索。
4、核心素养提升,多阅读弘扬正能量的语篇,多积累有关英语国家的社会文化、风俗习惯及基本的地理、历史知识等。
一宏观把握完形新思路——三步解题流程[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ]My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, __41__ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its __42__ throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no __44__ beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd __45__ minimum wage. I'd see how a factory __46__. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their __47__.Our __48__ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. __49__ bunny from the belt. This was __50__ than it sounds. __51__ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd __52__.Dad __53__. The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood__54__ food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you__55__ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.41.A.sold B.orderedC.made D.reserved 42.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens 43.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary 44.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies 45.A.offer B.earnC.set D.suggest 46.A.worked B.closedC.developed D.survived 47.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation 48.A.joys B.ideasC.roles D.choices 49.A.Save B.KeepC.Stop D.Remove 50.A.harder B.betterC.longer D.cheaper 51.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on 52.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered 53.A.cried B.smiledC.hesitated D.refused 54.A.tasting B.findingC.sharing D.delivering 55.A.withdraw B.donateC.receive D.appreciate三步解题流程第一步做完形填空题时,考生应根据首句给出的提示,借助文中的关键词,简要了解文章大意。
话题:5G技术距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
【1】阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或使用括号中单词的正确形式。
According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement on March 15. The two sides will set an example to 5G use .The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2019, 1.(make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole museum 2.(build) gradually. The museum has developed an App 3.provides an in-depth explanation of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has researched on the 4.(apply) of VR, AR, AI in museums.5.signing of the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts 6.(speed) up the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum."The 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close 7.science and technology." Shan Jixiang said 8.(proud) ,former director of the Palace Museum.Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, 9.is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI technology provides a 10.(broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.【2】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
限时练习:40min完成时间:月日天气:寒假作业05 动词的时态和语态一、时态考查热点1.八大时态结构一般现在时主语+be(am,is,are)+其它主语+动词原形(+其它) 主语+(+其它) 现在进行时主语+ be(am,is,are)+ 现在分词(+其它)一般过去时主语+be(was,were)+其它主语+ 动词的过去式(+其它)一般将来时主语+be going to+动词原形主语+shall/will+动词原形过去进行时主语++ 动词的现在分词过去将来时主语+ was/were/going to + 动词原形主语+would/should + 动词原形现在完成时主语++过去完成时主语++ 动词的过去分词2.时态与常用时间状语一般现在时every day, sometimes,at 7 every morning, on Sunday, often ,usually, always一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般将来时next…, tomorrow, soon, his evening, in two days现在进行时look, listen , now, at the moment现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently过去将来时the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…)过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, this time yesterday, from nine to ten last evening 3.区别:have/has gone to,have/has been to 和have/has been inhave/ has gone to 去了(在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来)have/ has been to 曾经去过(人已经回来了)have/ has been in (常与一段时间连用)注意:have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用; have/ has gone to则不可。
无提示词类语法填空题热点例析(二)作者:李秀梅刘军来源:《青苹果·高二版》2016年第08期热点五、情态动词和助动词作主语的名词或代词与动词原形(包括被动式、进行式、完成式等)之间设空,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,设空处考虑用情态动词或助动词。
例8 Then the driver stood up and asked,“ ____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”解析考查助动词的用法。
此处是一般疑问句,且lose表示过去发生的动作,因此填助动词did。
例9 Are they there? Oh,my goodness. I ____ have put them there when the phone rang.解析根据语境可知,此处表示对过去事情肯定的推测,所以填情态动词must。
友情提示解答语篇型语法填空题有关情态动词和助动词的题目需要注意以下几点:(1)情态动词和助动词不能单独作谓语,必须和另一个动词一起构成谓语。
常见的情态动词有must,can/could,may/might,need,should/ought to等;常见的助动词有do,be,have 等。
(2)must表示推测用在肯定句中,意思是“必定,一定”,其否定形式是can?蒺t(不可能);must have done只用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的动作的有把握推测,具有很大的可能性,它的否定形式是can?蒺t/couldn?蒺t have done。
(3)should have done可以用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,表示该做而实际未做(或不该做却做了),含有责备的意思。
(4)助动词do可以用来构成疑问式和否定式、加强语气或代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。
(5)注意含有情态动词的习惯用法。
答题时注意含有情态动词的习惯用法,如cannot/can never...too/enough表示“无论怎样……也不过分”,cannot wait to do表示“迫不及待地做”,cannot (help) but do表示“不得不做,只好做”,cannot help doing表示“情不自禁做”,may/might as well表示“最好,不妨”等。
考点14 非谓语动词(二)近年来,高考对非谓语动词的可知主要集中在非谓语动词的句法功能(作宾语、主语、补语,表语和状语);现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联和状语系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能。
预测2023年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点热点。
非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中必考点。
考查其句法功能;考查V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是重点。
考向四非谓语动词作定语1)不定式作定语1.不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
2.不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系)He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)(1)不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。
☞Do you have anything else to say?(2)如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。
☞I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。
☞I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。
2020年小升初英语热点题型一词法(3)动词、介词、连词【要点归纳】一、动词【重点】(一)动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词。
1.be 动词(am, is , are, was, were)1).am-was, is-was, are-were. 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is 用在他她它,所有复数全用are.2).肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is (not) a teacher.She is (not) in the dinning room.My hair is (not) long. Her eyes are (not) small.3).一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? –Yes, you are./ No, you aren’t.Are they American? --Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? --Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.4).be 动词的否定形式:am not(没有缩写形式), are not= aren’t.is not= isn’t.2.助动词(do, does, did)do, does 用于一般现在时态,其过去式did 用于一般过去时,它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中,它们的否定形式是:do not= don’t.does not= doesn’t. did not=didn’t.注意:在一般现在时中,does 用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do; 助动词do, does, did 后面一定要用动词原形。
3.情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。
情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有: can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must.注意:情态动词后动词总是用原形。