最新2017年上海徐汇区高三二模试卷(附答案)

一、填空题（本大题共12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1. 设全集错误！未找到引用源。

，集合错误！未找到引用源。

，则错误！未找到引用源。

__________．【答案】错误！未找到引用源。

【解析】跟据题意得：错误！未找到引用源。

，则错误！未找到引用源。

,故答案为错误！未找到引用源。

.2. 参数方程为错误！未找到引用源。

（错误！未找到引用源。

为参数）的曲线的焦点坐标为__________．【答案】错误！未找到引用源。

【解析】3. 已知复数错误！未找到引用源。

满足错误！未找到引用源。

，则错误！未找到引用源。

的取值范围是__________．【答案】错误！未找到引用源。

4. 设数列错误！未找到引用源。

的前错误！未找到引用源。

项和为错误！未找到引用源。

，若错误！未找到引用源。

错误！未找到引用源。

，则错误！未找到引用源。

__________．【答案】1【解析】当错误！未找到引用源。

时，错误！未找到引用源。

，即错误！未找到引用源。

；当错误！未找到引用源。

时，错误！未找到引用源。

，由错误！未找到引用源。

得到错误！未找到引用源。

，故数列错误！未找到引用源。

是等比数列，所以错误！未找到引用源。

，则错误！未找到引用源。

，故答案为错误！未找到引用源。

.5. 若错误！未找到引用源。

错误！未找到引用源。

的二项展开式中前三项的系数依次成等差数列，则错误！未找到引用源。

=__________．【答案】8【解析】由二次项展开式公式：错误！未找到引用源。

，则前三项的系数分别为：错误！未找到引用源。

、错误！未找到引用源。

、错误！未找到引用源。

，因为成等差数列，所以错误！未找到引用源。

，即错误！未找到引用源。

或错误！未找到引用源。

（舍去），故错误！未找到引用源。

.6. 把1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10分别写在10张形状大小一样的卡片上，随机抽取一张卡片，则抽到写着偶数或大于6的数的卡片的概率为__________．（结果用最简分数表示）【答案】错误！未找到引用源。

2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三数学 2０1８.4一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分，第1-6题每题4分,第7－12题每题5分) 考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1.已知全集R U =，集合{}0322>--=x x x A ,则=A C U .2．在61x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式中,常数项是 .3.函数()lg(32)x xf x =-的定义域为___＿_＿_＿____＿． 4.已知抛物线2x ay =的准线方程是14y =-,则a = . 5.若一个球的体积为323π,则该球的表面积为__＿_＿__＿＿. 6．已知实数x y ，满足001x y x y ≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪+≤⎩，，． 则目标函数z x y =-的最小值为_＿___＿＿＿＿__.7.函数()2sin cos 1()11x x f x +-=的最小正周期是＿＿＿_____＿＿_.8.若一圆锥的底面半径为3,体积是12π,则该圆锥的侧面积等于 .9.将两颗质地均匀的骰子抛掷一次,记第一颗骰子出现的点数是m ,记第二颗骰子出现的点数是n ，向量()2,2a m n =--，向量()1,1b =，则向量a b ⊥的概率．．是 . １0．已知直线12:0,:20l mx y l x my m -=+--=.当m 在实数范围内变化时,1l 与2l 的交点P 恒在一个定圆上,则定圆方程是 .１１．若函数222(1)sin ()1x xf x x ++=+的最大值和最小值分别为M 、m ，则函数()()()sin 1g x M m x M m x =+++-⎡⎤⎣⎦图像的一个对称中心是 ． 12.已知向量,a b 满足||a =、||b =,若对任意的{}(,)(,)||1,0x y x y xa yb xy ∈+=>,都有||1x y +≤成立,则a b ⋅的最小值NMD 1C 1B 1A 1DCBA为 ．二、选择题(本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项。

2017年上海市徐汇区高考物理二模试卷一、单项选择题（共40分，1至8题每小题3分，9至12题每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）1．（3分）链式反应中，重核在裂变时放出的粒子可引起其他重核的裂变，这种粒子是（）A．电子B．中子C．质子D．α粒子2．（3分）一束单色光由空气斜射入水中，始终保持不变的是该光的（）A．速度B．波长C．频率D．传播方向3．（3分）物理量中，有些描述物质的发展变化过程，有些描述物质的特定性质或状态．下列四个量中描述物质状态的是（）A．位移B．平均速度C．机械功D．电势能4．（3分）某放射性元素经过11.4天有的原子核发生了衰变，该元素的半衰期为（）A．11.4天B．8.6天C．5.7天D．3.8天5．（3分）某单摆在摆动过程中由于阻力作用，机械能逐渐减小，则单摆振动的（）A．频率不变，振幅不变B．频率改变，振幅不变C．频率不变，振幅改变D．频率改变，振幅改变6．（3分）如图所示，磁铁在线圈中心上方开始向下运动，直至穿过线圈的过程中，由上向下观察，线圈中产生的感应电流方向（）A．沿逆时针方向B．沿顺时针方向C．先沿顺时针方向，后沿逆时针方向D．先沿逆时针方向，后沿顺时针方向7．（3分）压强的单位用基本单位可表示为（）A．Pa B．cmHg C．D．8．（3分）一列向右传播的简谐波，振幅为A、波长为λ、周期为T．在t=0时的波形如图所示，质点P处于平衡位置．则t=时，P质点的坐标为（）A．（，A）B．（，﹣A）C．（，0）D．（，A）9．（4分）如图，A、B为两个等量异种点电荷中心轴线上的两点，A、B处的电场强度分别为E A、E B，电势分别为φA、φB．则（）A．E A＜E B，φA=φB B．E A=E B，φA＞φBC．E A＞E B，φA＜φB D．E A=E B，φA=φB10．（4分）如图所示，石拱桥的正中央有一质量为m的对称楔形石块，石块侧面与竖直方向的夹角为θ，重力加速度为g，接触面间的摩擦忽略不计，则石块侧面所受弹力的大小为（）A．B．C．D．11．（4分）如图，两端开口、粗细均匀的U形管竖直放置，用两段水银柱封闭一段气体．能使气柱变长的措施是（）A．增大外界气压B．减小外界气压C．在U形管的左管滴入水银D．在U形管的右管滴入水银12．（4分）在用DIS探究超重和失重规律的实验中，某体重为G的同学站在压力传感器上完成一次下蹲动作，则在计算机屏幕上得到压力F随时间t变化的图象可能是（）A．B．C．D．二、填空题（共22分．每空2分）13．（4分）闭合电路中，电源把其他形式的能转化为电能，这种转化是通过做功来实现的；若外电路是纯电阻电路，则通过电流做功，外电路将电能转化为能．14．（4分）若某行星绕太阳运动的轨道半径为R，周期为T，万有引力恒量为G，则该行星的线速度大小为，太阳的质量为．15．（4分）在“用DIS测定位移和速度”实验中，得到小车运动的s﹣t关系如图所示．由图可以确定，小车在5～7s内做运动，在t=3.5s时的速度为m/s．16．（6分）一个气泡自池塘底浮起，上升到水面的过程中，气泡体积逐渐变大．若水底和水面温度相同，则上升过程中，气泡内气体（不可看作理想气体）的分子动能，气体的内能（均选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”），这是因为．17．（4分）如图，用两根绝缘细线将A、B两小球连接后挂在天花板上．A球带负电，电荷量为2q；B球带正电，质量为m，电荷量为q．在小球所处空间，外加一个方向向下的匀强电场，电场强度大小为E．若两细线均被拉直，AB 间距离为l，则细线对B的拉力大小为．若突然撤去外加电场，之后B 球的电势能的变化情况是．（已知重力加速度为g，静电力恒量为k）．三、综合题（共38分）注意：第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中，要求给出必要的图示、文字说明、公式、演算等．18．（10分）在“用DIS测电源的电动势和内阻”实验中，实验器材有：待测干电池、电键、滑线变阻器R、定值电阻R0、电压传感器、电流传感器．（1）图（a）的电路图中，虚线框1应接；（2）实验时，应先将滑线变阻器的阻值调到，再闭合开关S；（3）用实验得到的数据拟合成直线，如图（b）所示，该直线对应的方程为：，斜率的物理含义为；（4）实验中，若增大滑线变阻器的阻值，则电池消耗的总功率将（选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）．19．（13分）如图，粗糙直轨道AB长s=1.6m，与水平方向的夹角θ=37°；曲线轨道BC光滑且足够长，它们在B处光滑连接．一质量m=0.2kg的小环静止在A点，在平行于斜面向上的恒定拉力F的作用下，经过t=0.8s运动到B点，然后撤去拉力F．小环与斜面间动摩擦因数μ=0.4．（g取10m/s2，sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8）求：（1）拉力F的大小；（2）小环沿BC轨道上升的最大高度h．20．（15分）如图，匀强磁场的磁感应强度大小B=0.5T，方向竖直向下．在同一水平面上的两根光滑金属导轨相互平行，相距l=0.4m、电阻不计．导轨左端与滑动变阻器相连，变阻器接入电阻的阻值R=0.2Ω．一根电阻不计的金属棒置于导轨上，在拉力F的作用下沿导轨向右运动，运动过程中变阻器消耗的功率恒定为P=0.8W．（1）分析金属棒的运动情况；（2）求拉力F的大小；（3）若保持拉力不变，迅速向上移动滑动变阻器滑片，分析金属棒的速度变化情况．2017年上海市徐汇区高考物理二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择题（共40分，1至8题每小题3分，9至12题每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）1．（3分）链式反应中，重核在裂变时放出的粒子可引起其他重核的裂变，这种粒子是（）A．电子B．中子C．质子D．α粒子【考点】JK：重核的裂变．【专题】32：定量思想；43：推理法；54O：衰变和半衰期专题．【分析】在重核的裂变中，铀235需要吸收一个慢中子后才可以发生裂变．【解答】解：在重核的裂变中，铀235需要吸收一个慢中子后才可以发生裂变，所以重核裂变时放出的可使裂变不断进行下去的粒子是中子。

2016-2017学年第二学期徐汇区等级考模拟考（二模）生命科学2017.04一、选择题（共40分，每小题题，每小题只有一个正确答案）1. 有一类小分子化合物，人体所需的量极少，但缺乏时会引起相应的病症，这种化合物是A. 维生素B. 糖类C. 蛋白质D. 脂类2. 多肉植物鸡冠通常利用落叶上长出的不定芽进行繁殖，这种繁殖类型是A. 出芽生殖B. 营养生殖C. 分裂生殖D. 有性生殖3. 细胞分化中不可能出现的变化有A. 染色体的复制B. 某些细胞器的增添或消失C. 转录D. 细胞全能性的降低4. 制备单克隆抗体所采用的细胞工程技术包括①细胞培养②细胞融合③胚胎移植④细胞核移植A. ①②B. ①③C. ②③D. ③④5. 生命科学常用图示表示生物大分子的结构，若图1-3分别表示植物细胞中常见的三种有机物，图1-3可分别表示的是A. 多肽、RNA、淀粉B. DNA、RNA、纤维素C. DNA、蛋白质、糖原D. 蛋白质、核酸、糖原6. 右图是酶的专一性示意图，据此判断图中所示的底物是A. RNA淀粉B.氨基酸C.D. 蛋白质7. 新物种形成最显著的标志是 B. 具有一定的生理功能具有一定的形态结构 A. 改变了基因频率D. C. 产生了生殖隔离的蔗糖溶液中，如右下图所示。

光镜下所能看到的30%8. 将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于现象是紫色加深2缩小③区域紫色变浅④区域21①区域扩大②区域1②③D. ②④C. ①④B. ①③A.9. 禽流感流行时，对进出某地区的人群进行体温测量的作用是A. 发现易感人群B. 保护易感人群C. 发现传染源D. 切断传播途径10. 右图显示了染色体及其部分基因，对①和②过程最恰当的表述分别是A. 交换、缺失B. 倒位、缺失C. 倒位、易位D. 交换、易位11. 如图所示是手碰到钉子后发生缩手反射的示意图．下列叙述正确的是A. 能表示突触结构的是①B. ②处兴奋时膜电位表现为外正内负C. 刺激②处时，③处可以测到电位变化D. 缩手过程中信息仅以化学信号形式传导12. 下列各组化合物或结构，通常能存在内环境中的一组是A. 核糖体、Na、乳酸B. 突触小泡、神经递质、HPO42—+C. 脂蛋白、葡萄糖、抗体D. Ca、血浆蛋白、溶酶体2+13.过量摄入糖类会导致体内脂肪积累，其部分原理如图所示．其中过程X、物质Y和物质Z分别是A．糖酵解、丙酮酸、脂肪酸B．有氧呼吸、乳酸、脂肪酸C．糖酵解、乳酸、胆固醇D．有氧呼吸、丙酮酸、胆固醇14.如图为某个基因的部分片段，关于该结构的叙述，正确的是①所圈定的部位是腺嘌呤 A.连接酶作用于②处 B. DNAC. 限制酶作用于③处解旋酶作用于④处D.则右图②所示15.右下图中①代表新鲜菠菜叶的光合色素纸层析结果，结果最有可能来自于水培的洋葱叶 A.B. 生长旺盛的柳叶幼叶培养的衣藻C.D. 秋冬季银杏的落叶16. 当人体失血过多，动脉血压突然降低，在这种应急状态下，人体出现的反应是A. 副交感神经兴奋，心排血量增加B. 交感神经兴奋，血管收缩C. 交感神经抑制，血管收缩D. 副交感神经兴奋，血管舒张17. 光身长翅与毛身卷翅果蝇杂交后，F1代全为光身长翅。

上海市2017徐汇区高三地理二模试卷(含答案)上海市徐汇区2017届高三4月模拟（二模）地理试题（满分100分考试时间60分钟）考生注意：全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题。

答卷前，务必在答题卡上将学校、姓名、流水号等填写清楚。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

）1．利用“上海公交”APP可以查询公交车距离站点的剩余站数和车辆到达时间，极大地方便了等车族的出行，该APP利用的地理信息技术主要是A.遥感技术和地理信息系统 B．卫星定位技术和地理信息系统C．遥感技术和卫星定位技术 D.数字地球2．下图为某日地月相对位置及月相示意图，由此推测，三天后的农历日期大致为A.初一 B．初七 C．十五 D.廿二3．地球与天王星在太阳系中虽相距甚远，但仍有相似之处。

两者相似的特征有：①固态岩石表层②平均密度较大③偏心率比较小④自西向东公转A.①② B．②③ C．①④ D.③④4．下表所示的是上海连续三日的日落地方时。

由表推测，这三日所处的节气阶段为北半球的壤盐渍化的人为原因。

（6分）27.近年来玉门重点发展新能源并实现了季节互补，推测玉门重点发展的新能源，并评价其重点发展新能源产业的合理性。

（8分）（三）我国东北的吉林省长春平原盛产玉米，与同纬度的美国玉米带并称灯“世界黄金玉米带”。

阅读图文材料，回答问题。

(20分)材料一：玉米是喜温作物，在16～21℃的环境下发芽旺盛，28～35℃为最适发芽温度；玉米是短日照作物，在短日照（8～10小时）条件下可以开花结实。

材料二：吉林的玉米收种多是家庭式的分散经营，机械收割的比例仅为20%。

材料三：2015年吉林省政府接管了濒临破产的全球第三、亚洲最大的玉米提炼企业。

这一举措说明吉林省对加强玉米深加工产业发展的重视。

28.玉米原产于热带的中南美洲，简释其原因。

（4分）29.吉林省玉米带和美国玉米带的纬度位置也适宜玉米生长，但气候类型不同，判断美国玉米带的气候类型；吉林省玉米带与美国玉米带的生产特点存在着明显差异，主要体现在哪些方面？ (4分) 30.吉林玉米的产量和品质连续多年居全国前列。

2017年上海徐汇区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法和词汇1、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第21~30题10分2021年上海高三高考模拟（新题型十一）第21~30题A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it1it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical studentneeds2（become） a doctor. Most training isconcerned3technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without4（control） muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,5are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists6（spare） this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for7. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem8（face） student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and9it should sound, and they need to aimat controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language ofmusic10they can enjoy performing works written in any century.2、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第31~40题10分Dear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explaindifficult1and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression - both in and out of the classroom. Sara is atalented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest2as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature andthe3behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical4to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearlyand5about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to6art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choiceas7by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year,Sara8this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all9that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out10feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any**********************************.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolA. perspectivesB. exploreC. qualitiesD. powerfullyE. appreciateF. purposeG. constructiveH. conceptsI. demonstratedJ. motivatedK. recommendation二、完形填空3、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第41~55题15分The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing1that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which2to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius （3.6 degrees Fahrenheit） above what it was before machinesand3appeared in the late 1700s. The UnitedStates4entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and5for the future."This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And itis6for the world, " Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the7for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but8the outcome remained uncertain."We are still in a race9time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future, " Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international communityto10 a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sealevels11and transforming vast areas into desert."12the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is13positive, " said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and14say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently15the majority of the planet's energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.A. applicantsB. fearsC. observationsD. commentsA. seeksB. allowsC. assumesD. seizesA. institutionsB. laboratoriesC. committeesD. factoriesA. formallyB. instantlyC. particularlyD. generallyA. prejudicesB. approachesC. visionsD. conceptsA. spiritualB. historicC. appropriateD. valuelessA. agreementsB. groupsC. headquartersD. emissionsA. apologizedB. deniedC. warnedD. overlookedA. againstB. onC. forD. withoutA. avoidB. findC. addressD. ignoreA. fallingB. risingC. disappearingD. remainingA. UntilB. SinceC. IfD. WhileA. under no circumstancesB. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all meansA. officersB. policymakersC. employersD. techniciansA. removeB. preserveC. supplyD. restore三、阅读理解4、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模（A篇）第56~58题6分2018~2019学年上海崇明县崇明中学高二上学期期中第34~36题2020~2021学年12月上海宝山区上海市行知中学高一上学期月考（A篇）第56~58题I used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marchingacross my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to be done. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren't clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all—at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don't have a clue. "If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you'll be impressed by how awkward it is, " says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University."Ants aren't smart, " Gordon says. "Ant colonies are." A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive（蜂巢）if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals—one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group's success—seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.(1) The author's former false impression about ants is that he thought them tobe.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative(2) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can't comprehend the whole process of a big movement.(3) The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilities5、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模（B篇）第59~62题8分The idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to "make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a 'radio music box', the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc."Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys（唱片音乐播音员）. Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter（发射台）in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestrasvolunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF （now WNBC） in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America （RCA）, in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum（论坛）for news and popular culture.(1) The passage is mainly concerned with.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting(2) Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding(3) After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new(4) By saying that "the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear", the author means that.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stations6、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第63~66题8分It could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton themoment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way to Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton's ship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world's most dangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company's spokesperson TAL#NBSP spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. "The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure, " she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer's book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche（雪崩）into public consciousness. Magazines promise "extreme" content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world's greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer's passage to Antarctica is the cost—which typically runs well over $10, 000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton's time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance—5, 000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment（招募）notice: "Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful."After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1, 300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. "Not a life lost, and we have been through hell, " he remarked earnestly.(1) We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton's adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton's adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching(2) The word "spun" in the second paragraph can be replaced by "".A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to(3) Since Jon Krakauer's book was published.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches(4) The adventure in Shackleton's time has different implications from today's inthat.A. Shackleton's adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. no one was missing during Shackleton's adventureC. Shackleton's adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easily四、6选47、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第67~70题8分2018~2019学年上海崇明县崇明中学高二上学期期中第40~43题2017~2018学年10月上海虹口区上海市复兴高级中学高一上学期月考第62~65题8分(每题2分)My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he'll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But youdon't.1You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you're poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there's no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable.2These are essential survival skills.4. If you're like most people, you'll spend most of your adult life thinking, "Once I've saved/earned X dollars, everything will be great." Then you'll hit X dollars, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It's a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don't stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don't know what they want until they're twice that age. （These are the signs you're in the wrong career.）6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time.3One day you'll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I've noticed a tendency for people to think they've mastered investing when they're young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50, 000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending.410. Don't listen to me if you disagree with what I've written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you'll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself.（On the other hand, always listen to your mother.）A. It'll make you learn to enjoy what you have, fix what's broken, and shop for a bargain.B. Spending more is likely to stimulate your motivation for more earning.C. It gives you options and frees you from relying on someone else's priorities.D. Living with less is the most efficient way to control your financial future.E. Actually, your parents have already given you too much.F. What you want is respect and admiration from other people.五、篇章总结8、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第71题10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn't feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention（干预）that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o'clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words "quit sugar". It's not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I'm 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you're down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.六、翻译句子9、【来源】 2017年上海徐汇区高三二模第72~75题15分Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。

2017 学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三数学2018.4一、填空题（本大题共有 12 题，满分 54 分，第 1-6 题每题 4 分，第 7-12 题每题 5 分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果．1．已知全集 U R ，集合 A x x 22x 3 0 ，则 C U A.2．在 x1x6的二项展开式中，常数项是.3．函数 f ( x) lg(3 x 2x ) 的定义域为 _____________．4．已知抛物线 x2ay 的准线方程是 y1，则 a .3245．若一个球的体积为 ，则该球的表面积为 _________．3x ，6．已知实数 x ， y 满足，则目标函数 zx y 的最小值为 ___________．y 0x y ．1sin x cos x 217．函数 f ( x)的最小正周期是 ___________．118．若一圆锥的底面半径为3，体积是 12 ，则该圆锥的侧面积等于.9．将两颗质地均匀的骰子抛掷一次，记第一颗骰子出现的点数是r m ，记第二颗骰子出现的rm 2,2 n r r.点数是 n ，向量 a，向量 b 1,1 ，则向量 ab 的概率 是．．10．已知直线 l 1 : mx y 0,l 2 : x my m2 0 . 当 m 在实数围变化时， l 1 与 l 2 的交点 P恒在一个定圆上，则定圆方程是.11 ． 若 函 数f ( x) 2( x 1)2sin x的 最 大 值 和 最 小 值 分 别 为 M 、 m ， 则 函 数x 2 1g( x)Mm x sin Mm x 1 图像的一个对称中心是．r rr 8 r 4， 若 对 任 意 的12 ． 已 知 向 量 a, b 满 足 | a |15、| b |15( x, y)r r1,xyr r( x, y) | xa yb | ， 都 有 | x y | 1 成 立 ， 则 a b 的 最 小 值为 .二、选择题（本大题共有 4 题，满分 20 分，每题５分）每题有且只有一个正确选项。

上海市徐汇区2017届高三4月模拟（二模）地理试题（满分100分考试时间60分钟）考生注意：全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题。

答卷前，务必在答题卡上将学校、姓名、流水号等填写清楚。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

）1．利用“上海公交”APP可以查询公交车距离站点的剩余站数和车辆到达时间，极大地方便了等车族的出行，该APP利用的地理信息技术主要是A.遥感技术和地理信息系统 B．卫星定位技术和地理信息系统C．遥感技术和卫星定位技术 D.数字地球2．下图为某日地月相对位置及月相示意图，由此推测，三天后的农历日期大致为A.初一 B．初七 C．十五 D.廿二3．地球与天王星在太阳系中虽相距甚远，但仍有相似之处。

两者相似的特征有：①固态岩石表层②平均密度较大③偏心率比较小④自西向东公转A.①② B．②③ C．①④ D.③④4．下表所示的是上海连续三日的日落地方时。

由表推测，这三日所处的节气阶段为北半球的A.春分一夏至B.夏至一秋分C.秋分一冬至D.冬至一春分5．太行山的嶂石岩地貌是一种典型的砂岩沉积地貌，其岩石特征是 A.结晶充分 B.多气孔 C.片理构造 D.层埋构造6．臭氧被誉为“地球的保护伞”。

下图数码所示的各环节中与臭氧的保护作用密切相关的是A. ① B．② C. ③ D.④7．建筑往往能折射一个地区的气候环境。

英国乡村式别墅多为尖顶，主要因为当地的气候类型为A.地中海气候B.温带海洋性气候C.温带大陆性气候D.温带季风气候8．夏季，新疆的塔里木河水量急剧增长，其原因是该河的河水补给主要来源于A.雨水 B．冰川融水 C.湖泊水 D.地下水9．地中海沿岸地区盛产优质葡萄。

冬季雨量适中，有利于葡萄树开花和授粉；夏季干旱，有利于葡萄结果和糖分积累。

冬季，控制该地区的气压带或风带是A.东北信风带B.副热带高气压带C.中纬西风带D.副极地低气压带10.下图为3月12日2时的亚洲东部天气形势图。

2017届上海市徐汇区高三4月模拟（二模）英语试题（解析版）2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. He knows who is knocking.B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn’t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.【答案】C【解析】略2.音频A. By plane.B. By bus.C. By taxi.D. By train.【答案】D【解析】M: Have you called a taxi to the airport?W: Why? I’m not flying. I’ll go to Guangzhou by High Speed Railway.Q: How is the woman going to Guangzhou?略3.音频A. $100.B. $200.C. $300.D. $400.【答案】A【解析】W: Did you tip the waitress?M: Yes. $10. 10% of our bill, right?Q: How much did their meal cost?略4.音频A. She went to cinema.B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.【答案】C【解析】M: I thought you were going to visit your grandparents last Sunday.W: I had planned to, but I got a bad cold, and I didn’t want to spread it to them or anyone else.Q: What did the woman probably do last Sunday?略5.音频A. In a doctor’s office.B. In a professor’s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.【答案】A【解析】M: I’m here to see Doctor Barrette for a physical examination.W: I’m sorry. She is in surgery right now.Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?略6.音频A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics.B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to a good result.【答案】D【解析】M: You’ll never guess I got a high mark in Physics.W: Congratulations. Your hard work finally paid off, right?Q: What does the woman mean?略7.音频A. A furnished house.B. A recent book.C. A further study.D. A new record.【答案】B【解析】M: Have you read the author’s latest bestseller?W: I’ve just finished it. I really recommend it.Q: What are the man and woman talking about?略8.音频A. They will go swimming.B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weather conditions.【答案】B【解析】W: Why are you wearing a jacket? It’s getting warmer today.M: You never know what the weather will be like in the mountain.Q: What will the two speakers probably do?略9.音频A. He has another lecture to attend.B. He has no interest in the lecture.C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.【答案】D【解析】W: I guess you have no interest in attending Professor Wilson’s lecture tomorrow, right?M: On the contrary, I have to thank you for reminding me of it.Q: What does the man mean?略10.音频A. She fully agrees with the man.B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.【答案】C【解析】M: I’m certain we’ve never had as much rain as we’re having lately.W: Haven’t we, ever?Q: What do we learn from the woman’s response?略Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.音频11.A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12.A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D. Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13.A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B. Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C. You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D. Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C【解析】Woodworking is the art of crafting things out of wood and people have been known to make sculptures, cabinets and statues. Anyone can take up this craft but it doesn’t mean you will be good at it. Like anything else, unless you have a natural talen t, you have to practice at it. So, don’t get discouraged if your first try doesn’t come out like you had hoped; you can’t expect to get it perfectly the very first time. Keep trying and you should be a woodworking master in no time at all.If you’ve always wanted to get into woodworking but didn’t know how to go about it, you’re not alone. This is a pastime that many want to have, but don’t know what to do or what materials to use. If this is the case, all you have to do is to take a class on woodworking. I f you think that you won’t be able to find a class on this art, you’re wrong. It’s more popular than you realize and classes are offered pretty much worldwide. So, check your phone book or look up classes on the internet for your specific city or country. The fees for this type of class will vary and are determined by the skill level and how long the class will run. If you’ve never tried your hand at woodworking before, start at the beginner level.Once you’ve been woodworking for a little while, you should attend one of the workshops held for people interested in this art. Once there, you will meet people that share your same interests and you will learn new ways at perfecting this craft. You should also look these workshops up on the internet and find out dates and locations so you can signup. You will probably make new friends and increase your skill level at woodworking. What could be better than that?Questions:11.What’s this passage mainly about?12.Why should you take a class in woodworking?13.Which of the following statements is TRUE?11. 略12. 略13. 略Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.音频14.A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B. To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C. To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15.A. The development of computers.B. People’s greediness for more money.C. People’s needs for less paper money.D. People’s le arning to be more responsible.16.A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B. To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C. To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D. To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.【答案】14. A 15. A 16. D【解析】In the United States, the debt levels of Americans have continued to increase since the 1980s. It was during this time that the use of credit cards greatly increased. Credit cards companies begin looking for different ways to market their products to consumers, and used such things as direct mail, commercials, and other marketing strategies.It was during the 1980s that consumers begin moving away from cash and checks into credit cards. The cause of thisis often attributed to the start of the information age. As the use of computers became more widespread, credit cards quickly followed. It is estimated that the number of people using credit cards during this time surpassed those who were using checks and cash in a single year.Statistics show that the average American consumer owes about $9,000 in credit card debt. Many people have made the mistake of thinking that they are using their own money when they use credit cards to make purchases. It is easy to forget that this money is owned by the credit card companies, and they are simply allowing you to borrow it, with the promise you will pay it back. The average interest rate owed on credit cards in the US is about 14%.It is easy to view credit cards as being “easy money.” After all, you don't have to work for it, and it doesn't have the same effect on you that cash has. Statistics show that people have a tendency to spend the money of others much faster than their own.Though we live in an electronic age, being irresponsible with your credit cards is a great way to end up with a life time of headaches. Many high quality jobs now require you to have good credit, and it is difficult to get a house or a car if you have poor credit. This is why it pays to be responsible with how you manage your finances. It is best to stop borrowing money and use your own funds to make purchases.Questions:14.What’s the purpose of this passage?15.Why did the use of credit cards increase according to the passage?16.What’s the writer’s suggestion as to using credit cards?14. 略15. 略16. 略Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.音频17.A. A newspaper.B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18.A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D. She just wants to clean up their house.19.A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20.A. His old guitar.B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C. The spring cleanup sale.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.【答案】17. A 18. B 19. D 20. D【解析】What is the man most in M: Honey? What’s all our stuff doing in the driveway?W: It’s a Newsday spring cleanup sale. For only $19.95 we can put a two-line classified ad in Newsday for seven days. And with over two million readers...we’ll get results fast.M: Two lines, all additions, for only $19.95? That’s more than 50% savings off their regular rate. But if Newsday is having a clean-up sale, why does our driveway look like a market?W: Because there’s never been a better time for us to turn the things we don’t use into cash we can use.M: You mean appliances, jewelry, furniture, exercise equipment?W: Even your old guitar.M: Two lines, all additions, for only $19.95...are you sure?W: Of course I’m sure. I called Rudy.M: Who’s Rudy?W: He’s a classified Newsday sales consultant. He was really nice, and helpful.M: More than 50% off, and friendly service? Newsday really does have all we need.W: Yeah. Here is my two-line ad: Cleanup with Newsday. Family stuff, including appliances, jewelry and furniture. Call us at 516-843-3000.M: That sounds great.Questions:17.What is Newsday?18.Why does the woman want to sell their stuff?19.What do you learn about Rudy?20.terested in?17. 略18. 略19. 略20. 略II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it _____21_____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs______22______（become） a doctor. Most training isconcerned_____23_____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequatewithout______24______（control） muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,______25______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists _____26_____（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for______27______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem______28______（face） student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and______29______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music______30______they can enjoy performing works written in any century.【答案】21. until/before22. to become23. with24. controlled25. which26. are spared27. them28. facing29. how30. that【解析】本文主要考查学生在实际语境中英语的运用。

2017年徐汇区语文二模试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）一、文言文（39分）（一）默写。

（15分）1.造化钟神秀，。

（《望岳》）2.，五十弦翻塞外声。

（《陈破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）3.东边日出西边雨，。

（《竹枝词》）4.，轻烟老树寒鸦。

（《天净沙·秋》）5.不以物喜，。

（《岳阳楼记.》）（二）阅读下面两首诗完成6—7题（4分）。

题破山寺后禅院唐常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。

曲径通幽处，禅房花木深。

山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心。

万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音。

山居秋暝唐王维空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。

明月松间照，清泉石上流。

竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。

随意春芳歇，王孙自可留。

6.两首诗都运用了衬托的手法，第一首中的“万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音”是以声衬静，第二首中的“，。

”是以动衬静。

（2分）7.下列对这两首诗理解不正确的一项是()（2分）A. 两首诗都描绘了优雅宁静的环境。

B. 两首诗都表达了诗人高洁的精神追求。

C．两首诗都写了，富有诗情画意的风光。

D. 两首诗都是格律诗中的五言绝句。

（三）阅读下面语段，完成8—9题（8分）。

北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。

惩山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎?”杂然相许。

其妻献疑曰：“以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何?且焉置土石?”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北。

”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。

邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之。

寒暑易节，始一反焉。

河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠。

以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何?”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。

虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙，无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平?”河曲智叟亡以应。

8.语段选自时期，道家学派代表人物列御寇的著作《》。

（2分）9.下列加点词，注音及解释不正确的一项是（）（3分）A. 且焉置土石且qiě：将B.遂率子孙荷担者三夫荷hè: 挑C. 始龀龀chèn:换牙D. 河曲智索亡以应亡wú：同“无”没有。

2017年上海市徐汇区高考生物二模试卷一、选择题（共40分，每小题题，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．有一类小分子化合物，人体所需的量极少，但缺乏时会引起相应的病症，这种化合物是（）A．维生素B．糖类 C．蛋白质D．脂类2．多肉植物鸡冠掌通常利用落叶上长出的不定芽繁殖，这种繁殖类型是（）A．出芽生殖 B．营养繁殖 C．分裂生殖 D．有性生殖3．细胞分化中不可能出现的变化有（）A．染色体的复制 B．某些细胞器的增添或消失C．转录 D．细胞全能性的降低4．制备单克隆抗体所采用的细胞工程技术包括（）①细胞培养②细胞融合③胚胎移植④细胞核移植．A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④5．生命科学常用图示表示微观物质的结构，图1～3分别表示植物细胞中常见的三种有机物，则图1～3可分别表示（）A．多肽、RNA、淀粉B．DNA、RNA、纤维素C．DNA、蛋白质、糖原D．蛋白质、核酸、糖原6．如图是酶的专一性示意图，据此判断图中所示的底物是（）A．RNA B．淀粉 C．氨基酸D．蛋白质7．新物种形成最显著的标志是（）A．具有一定的形态结构B．具有一定的生理功能C．产生了生殖隔离D．改变了基因频率8．将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于30%的蔗糖溶液中，如图所示．光镜下所能看到的现象是①区域1扩大②区域1缩小③区域2紫色变浅④区域2紫色加深（）A．①③ B．①④ C．②④ D．②③9．禽流感流行时，对进出某地区的人群进行体温测量的作用是（）A．发现易感人群 B．保护易感人群 C．发现传染源D．切断传播途径10．如图显示了染色体及其部分基因，对①和②过程最恰当的表述分别是（）A．交换、缺失B．倒位、缺失C．倒位、易位D．交换、易位11．如图所示是手碰到钉子后发生缩手反射的示意图．下列叙述正确的是（）A．能表示突触结构的是①B．②处兴奋时膜电位表现为外正内负C．刺激②处时，③处可以测到电位变化D．缩手过程中信息仅以化学信号形式传导12．下列各组化合物或结构，通常能存在内环境中的一组是（）A．核糖体、Na+、乳酸B．突触小泡、神经递质、HPO42﹣C．脂蛋白、葡萄糖、抗体 D．Ca2+、血浆蛋白、溶酶体13．过量摄入糖类会导致体内脂肪积累，其部分原理如图所示．其中过程X、物质Y和物质Z 分别是（）A．糖酵解、丙酮酸、脂肪酸B．有氧呼吸、乳酸、脂肪酸C．糖酵解、乳酸、胆固醇 D．有氧呼吸、丙酮酸、胆固醇14．如图为某个基因的部分片段，关于该结构的叙述，正确的是（）A．①所圈定的部位是腺嘌呤B．DNA连接酶作用于②处C．限制酶作用于③处 D．解旋酶作用于④处15．如图中①代表新鲜菠菜叶的光合色素纸层析结果，则右图②所示结果最有可能来自于（）A．水培的洋葱叶 B．生长旺盛的柳叶幼叶C．培养的衣藻D．秋冬季银杏的落叶16．当人体失血过多，动脉血压突然降低，在这种应急状态下，人体出现的反应是（）A．副交感神经兴奋，心排血量增加B．交感神经兴奋，血管收缩C．交感神经抑制，血管收缩D．副交感神经兴奋，血管舒张17．光身长翅与毛身卷翅果蝇杂交后，F1代全为光身长翅．F1代雌果蝇的测交后代中，光身长翅：光身卷翅：毛身长翅：毛身卷翅为4：1：1：4，则控制这两对相对性状的基因间的交换值是（）A．5% B．10% C．20% D．25%18．在DNA分子模型的搭建实验中，若用订书钉链接碱基形成碱基对（其它物质链接不用订书钉），构建一个含10对碱基对的DNA双链片段（其中G有6个），则使用的订书钉个数为（）A．20 B．26 C．30 D．8419．关于生物多样性的说法错误的是（）A．生物多样性包含基因、物种、生态系统三个层次B．引起物种灭绝的主要原因是不合理的利用生物资源C．标记重捕法可用于动物物种多样性的调查D．遗传多样性能有效地的增大种群基因库20．瓢虫是二倍体生物，决定某种瓢虫翅色的复等位基因有多种，但效应最为显著的是T A、T B、T C、t四种复等位基因，且T A、T B、T C相对t为显性，T A、T B、T C之间互为并显性关系．若以此四种复等位基因为计算依据，则该瓢虫种群中的表现型种类是（）A．4种B．5种C．7种D．12种二、综合题：21．回答下列有关细胞的问题如图表示某一生物细胞有丝分裂过程中的相关示意图示．（1）图甲为有丝分裂过程中（DNA/染色体/染色单体）数目变化规律曲线图，根据图乙可知图甲中N值是．（2）有丝分裂发生基因突变的高风险期为图甲中的段（以甲图中的字母表示）（3）做胎儿染色体核型分析时，取细胞处于图甲中的段为宜（以甲图中字母表示）（4）若用胰蛋白酶处理图乙的结构M后，剩余的细丝状结构是．（5）图乙中结构Z正在收缩，其周围所集结的细胞器是．细胞分裂后，新的细胞将进行分化，图丙为细胞分化过程的示意图．图丁为动物细胞结构的示意图．（6）图丙中，细胞全能性最高的是细胞．（7）骨髓移植实质上是将图丙中的细胞移植到患者体内．（8）图丙中，皮肤细胞、肝细胞、白细胞来源相同，但彼此的结构和功能都出现了不同，其根本原因是．（9）若丁图所示的细胞能合成和分泌胞外酶，则其从产生到分泌出细胞外，所经历的结构依次为→（7）→（1）→．22．回答下列有关光合作用的问题如图1所示为某种植物叶肉细胞中的部分纺构与相关代谢反应，其中PSⅠ、PSⅡ是有关色素的光合系统Ⅰ和Ⅱ，甲、乙分别表示相应结构与物质，英文文字母代表相应化合物，数字表示有关生理反应过程．（1）写出下列符号所代表内容：甲；③； E ．（2）若突然终止CO2的供应，短时间内化合物M含量将．科研人员在不同条件下测定发育良好的该植株光合速率变化情况，结果如图2所示，请分析回答：（3）从图2中a﹣b段可以看出，限制叶片光合速率的主要环境要素是和．（4）图2中c﹣d 对应时段，植物体内有机物总量的变化情况是．（5）请阐述净光合速率由h点急剧下降到i点的原因？．（6）i点时叶肉细胞内产生的场所有．（多选）A．细胞质基质 B．线粒体 C．叶绿体 D．细胞核（7）为开展该植物的组织培养，取其叶肉细胞，经形成愈伤组织，再经分化生成幼苗．（8）某课题组研究激素对该植物生长的影响．如图3所示为该植物中的生长素（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）与该植物生长变化的关系．该植物增长率与IAA含量呈（填“正相关”、“负相关”或“不相关”），该植物在后期生长缓慢，请阐述其原因？．23．回答下列有关微生物与基因工程有关的问题（1）基因工程的第一步是获取目的基因，获取的方法包括和化学方法人工合成．如果要想获取人的胰岛素基因，只能用化学方法人工合成，具体的做法是从人体细胞中获取胰岛素mRNA，再通过过程即可获得目的基因．（2）基因工程的第二步是将目的基因和运载体重组，重组时需要选择合适的限制酶和酶．常用的运载体是细菌质粒（如图1所示），质粒中ori为质粒复制所必需的DNA序列，启动子是使转录开始的一段DNA序列，终止子是提供转录终止信号的DNA序列．青霉素抗性基因作为基因，以便于筛选．质粒上还有多种限制酶的切点，若目的基因上也有上述质粒中相应限制酶的切点，为避免目的基因自身的环化并能与图中质粒准确重组，可选用的限制酶是A．NdeI和XbaI B．NdeI和BamHI C．XbaI D．PstI E．BamHI（3）基因工程的第三步是将重组质粒导入受体细胞，例如，转基因动物常用的受体细胞为．（4）基因工程的第四步是筛选出导入重组质粒的受体细胞．①如用大肠杆菌作为受体细胞，则该大肠杆菌中不应含有青霉素抗性基因，请阐述其原因？．②培养导入了重组质粒的大肠杆菌时，需配帛培养基．该培养基除含有大肠杆菌必需的葡萄糖、氮源、无机盐、水、生长因子等营养物质外，还应加入的物质有（多选）A．细胞分裂素 B．琼脂 C．噬菌体 D．青霉素③培养基配制和灭菌时，灭菌与调节PH的先后顺序是；一般对配置的培养液采用法灭菌．④微生物接种培养时，可采用两种方法．如图2为接种后微生物培养的效果图．那么获得图A 效果的接种方法是，获得图B效果的接种方法是．（5）与大肠杆菌相比，嗜热菌具有的特点是．（多选）A．对青霉素不敏感 B．对真核生物的亲缘关系更远C．细胞的DNA中，碱基G和C含量较高，较稳定 D．没有菌毛和质粒．24．回答下列有关内环境的问题下丘脑是神经系统中维持内环境稳态的重要调节中枢．（1）下丘脑分泌的某种激素在维持人体水和电解质平衡中其重要作用，该激素的名称是．（2）寒冷情况下，机体散热减少，产热会增加以维持体温恒定．体温调节中枢位于．（3）由如图可知，对甲细胞的调节，既可通过神经直接进行调节，还可以通过有关激素进行调节，其原因是甲细胞表面存在接受的受体和接受的受体．（4）图中A处的信号转换过程为．（5）当甲状腺激素分泌增多时，甲细胞分泌的激素会减少，这是一种（负反馈/正反馈）机制．甲细胞可能是细胞．（6）若甲为肝细胞，人体饥饿时图中C端血糖浓度较B端高，可能的原因是（填激素）增加，它作用于肝细胞促进分解，使血糖维持正常水平．此细胞内的甘油三酯以的形式运至血液．25．回答下列有关遗传与变异的问题如图是一个家族中某遗传病系谱（设显性基因为A，隐性基因为a）．请分析回答：（1）此遗传病的致病基因位于常染色体上，是性遗传病（2）4号的基因型是；4号与5号基因型相同的可能性概率是多少？请阐述其推理过程？．（3）从理论上分析，3号与4号如果再生一个孩子，则患病的概率是．（4）研究某遗传病的发病率及其遗传方式时，正确的方法是（多选）A．在人群中随机抽样调查并计算发病率 B．在人群中随机抽样调查研究遗传方式C．在患者家系中调查研究遗传方式 D．在患者家系中调查并计算发病率．2017年上海市徐汇区高考生物二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共40分，每小题题，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．有一类小分子化合物，人体所需的量极少，但缺乏时会引起相应的病症，这种化合物是（）A．维生素B．糖类 C．蛋白质D．脂类【考点】E9：内环境的理化特性．【分析】维生素既不参与构成人体细胞，也不为人体提供能量，而且人体对它的需要量很小，但它对人体的各项生命活动有重要的作用；人体一旦缺乏维生素，就会影响正常的生长和发育，还会引起疾病，例如维生素C能够维持正常的新陈代谢，维持骨骼、肌肉和血液的正常生理作用，增强抵抗力，人体缺乏维生素C会患坏血病，新鲜蔬菜和水果中含有较多的维生素C．维生素对人体的重要作用是其他营养物质所不能代替的．【解答】解：A、维生素既不参与构成人体细胞，也不为人体提供能量，而且人体对它的需要量很小，但它对人体的各项生命活动有重要的作用；人体一旦缺乏维生素，就会影响正常的生长和发育，还会引起疾病，A正确；B、糖类可分单糖、二糖和多糖，多糖是大分子化合物，B错误；C、蛋白质是大分子化合物，是生物体生命活动的承担者，C错误；D、脂类分脂肪、类脂和固醇类，人体需要量较多，D错误．故选：A．2．多肉植物鸡冠掌通常利用落叶上长出的不定芽繁殖，这种繁殖类型是（）A．出芽生殖 B．营养繁殖 C．分裂生殖 D．有性生殖【考点】M1：农业生产中的繁殖控制技术．【分析】植物无性生殖的应用：有扦插、嫁接、组织培养．甘薯、葡萄、菊、月季的栽培常用扦插；苹果、梨、桃等利用嫁接．嫁接就是把一个植物体的芽或枝，接在另一个植物体上，使结合在一起的两部分长成一个完整的植物体．【解答】解：由题意知，多肉植物鸡冠掌通常利用落叶上长出的不定芽繁殖，这种繁殖类型是营养繁殖．故选：B．3．细胞分化中不可能出现的变化有（）A．染色体的复制 B．某些细胞器的增添或消失C．转录 D．细胞全能性的降低【考点】51：细胞的分化．【分析】关于“细胞分化”，考生可以从以下几方面把握：（1）细胞分化是指在个体发育中，由一个或一种细胞增殖产生的后代，在形态，结构和生理功能上发生稳定性差异的过程．（2）细胞分化的特点：普遍性、稳定性、不可逆性．（3）细胞分化的实质：基因的选择性表达．（4）细胞分化的结果：使细胞的种类增多，功能趋于专门化．【解答】解：A、细胞分化的实质是基因的选择性表达，该过程中不会发生染色体的复制，染色体的复制发生在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中，A错误；B、细胞分化会改变细胞中细胞器的种类和数目，B正确；C、细胞分化的实质基因的选择性表达，而基因表达包括转录和翻译两个过程，C正确；D、一般情况下，细胞分化程度越高，其全能性越低，因此细胞分化会导致全能性降低，D正确．故选：A．4．制备单克隆抗体所采用的细胞工程技术包括（）①细胞培养②细胞融合③胚胎移植④细胞核移植．A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④【考点】RH：单克隆抗体的制备过程；RC：动物细胞与组织培养过程；RG：细胞融合的概念及方法．【分析】单克隆抗体的制备流程：人工诱导经过免疫的B淋巴细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合，再经筛选获得能产生特定抗体的杂交瘤细胞，通过培养获得的杂交瘤细胞得到单克隆抗体，整个过程不涉及胚胎移植和细胞核移植这两项技术．单克隆抗体主要涉及的细胞工程技术包括动物细胞培养、动物细胞融合技术等．【解答】解：A、单克隆抗体主要涉及的细胞工程技术包括动物细胞培养、动物细胞融合技术，A正确；B、单克隆抗体主要涉及的细胞工程技术包括动物细胞培养、动物细胞融合技术，无胚胎移植，B错误；C、单克隆抗体主要涉及的细胞工程技术包括动物细胞培养、动物细胞融合技术，无胚胎移植，C错误；D、单克隆抗体主要涉及的细胞工程技术包括动物细胞培养、动物细胞融合技术，无胚胎移植，细胞核移植，D错误．故选：A．5．生命科学常用图示表示微观物质的结构，图1～3分别表示植物细胞中常见的三种有机物，则图1～3可分别表示（）A．多肽、RNA、淀粉B．DNA、RNA、纤维素C．DNA、蛋白质、糖原D．蛋白质、核酸、糖原【考点】1S：生物大分子以碳链为骨架．【分析】图中每个小单位可认为是单体，然后由单体聚合形成多聚体，即图中三种物质都属于生物大分子，生物大分子包括蛋白质、核酸、多糖．题干中“植物细胞中常见的三种有机物”是解答本题的关键，植物特有的多糖为淀粉和纤维素．【解答】解：图1中，单体具有很多不同的形状，这些不同的单体只能表示20种氨基酸，因此图1可能表示蛋白质或者是多肽；图2中，有圆形、方形、六边形、三角形四种不同的单体，并且该有机物是单链的，因此它可以表示RNA分子的四种核糖核苷酸；图3中，只有圆形一种单体，最可能表示的是由葡萄糖聚合形成的多糖，而植物细胞中的多糖只有淀粉和纤维素．综合三幅图，图1～3可分别表示蛋白质或多肽、RNA、淀粉或纤维素．故选A．6．如图是酶的专一性示意图，据此判断图中所示的底物是（）A．RNA B．淀粉 C．氨基酸D．蛋白质【考点】39：酶的特性．【分析】酶的特性：（1）高效性：酶的催化效率大约是无机催化剂的107～1013倍．（2）专一性：每一种酶只能催化一种或一类化学反应．（3）作用条件较温和：高温、过酸、过碱都会使酶的空间结构遭到破坏，使酶永久失活；在低温下，酶的活性降低，但不会失活．【解答】解：一种酶只能水解一种物质，即酶具有专一性．该图中的酶是胰蛋白酶，催化水解蛋白质．故选：D．7．新物种形成最显著的标志是（）A．具有一定的形态结构B．具有一定的生理功能C．产生了生殖隔离D．改变了基因频率【考点】B8：物种的概念与形成．【分析】本题是对隔离与新物种形成的关系的考查，梳理隔离与物种形成的关系及新物种形成的过程，然后根据题干信息进行解答．【解答】解：新物种形成的标志是生殖隔离，生殖隔离一旦形成就标志着新物种的产生．故选：C．8．将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于30%的蔗糖溶液中，如图所示．光镜下所能看到的现象是①区域1扩大②区域1缩小③区域2紫色变浅④区域2紫色加深（）A．①③ B．①④ C．②④ D．②③【考点】32：细胞质壁分离与质壁分离复原现象及其原因．【分析】1、据图分析，1表现细胞壁与原生质层之间的外界溶液；2表示细胞液．2、将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于30%的蔗糖溶液中，细胞就会通过渗透作用而失水，细胞液中的水分就透过原生质层进入到溶液中，使细胞壁和原生质层都出现一定程度的收缩．由于原生质层比细胞壁的收缩性大，当细胞不断失水时，原生质层就会与细胞壁分离，即发生质壁分离现象．此时液泡逐渐变小，颜色由浅变深，【解答】解：①②将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于30%的蔗糖溶液中，细胞失水，发生质壁分离，则原生质层和细胞壁之间的距离（区域1）扩大，①正确，②错误；③④将紫色洋葱表皮细胞置于30%的蔗糖溶液中，细胞失水，细胞液的浓度增加，则液泡（区域2）紫色变深，③错误，④正确．故选：B．9．禽流感流行时，对进出某地区的人群进行体温测量的作用是（）A．发现易感人群 B．保护易感人群 C．发现传染源D．切断传播途径【考点】E4：人体免疫系统在维持稳态中的作用．【分析】传染病的预防措施：1、发现传染源；2、切断传播途径；3、保护易感人群．【解答】解：禽流感流行时，对进出某地区的人群进行体温测量的作用是发现传染源．故选：C．10．如图显示了染色体及其部分基因，对①和②过程最恰当的表述分别是（）A．交换、缺失B．倒位、缺失C．倒位、易位D．交换、易位【考点】95：染色体结构变异的基本类型．【分析】据图分析，①中染色体上的基因排列顺序发生颠倒，属于倒位；②中染色体片段发生改变，属于易位．【解答】解：据图分析，①图中与正常染色体相比较，基因的位置发生颠倒，属于染色体结构变异中的倒位．②图中染色体着丝点右侧的片段发生改变，说明与非同源染色体发生交换，属于染色体结构变异中易位．故选：C．11．如图所示是手碰到钉子后发生缩手反射的示意图．下列叙述正确的是（）A．能表示突触结构的是①B．②处兴奋时膜电位表现为外正内负C．刺激②处时，③处可以测到电位变化D．缩手过程中信息仅以化学信号形式传导【考点】D2：反射弧各部分组成及功能；D9：神经冲动的产生和传导．【分析】分析题图可知，该图是缩手反射的反射弧的结构，缩手反射的反射弧由3个神经元组成，①是感觉神经元和中间神经元之间形成的突触，②是运动神经，③是感觉神经；静息电位是外正内负，兴奋时膜电位是外负内正；兴奋在神经纤维上的传导是以电信号的形式双向传导的，在突触处的传递是以化学信号的形式单向传导的．【解答】解：A、由分析可知，①是突触结构，A正确；B、兴奋时的膜电位是外负内正，B错误；C、由于兴奋在反射弧上的传导是单向的，刺激②处时，③处不能测到电位变化，C错误；D、缩手反射过程中信息的传递形式既有电信号，也有化学信号，D错误．故选：A．12．下列各组化合物或结构，通常能存在内环境中的一组是（）A．核糖体、Na+、乳酸B．突触小泡、神经递质、HPO42﹣C．脂蛋白、葡萄糖、抗体 D．Ca2+、血浆蛋白、溶酶体【考点】E8：内环境的组成．【分析】1、人体的细胞外液有血浆、淋巴和组织液，它们构成了人体的内环境，凡是血浆、淋巴、组织液的成分，都是内环境的成分．2、内环境中可以存在的物质有：①小肠吸收的物质在血浆、淋巴中运输：水、盐、糖、氨基酸、维生素、血浆蛋白、甘油、脂肪酸等；②细胞分泌物：抗体、淋巴因子、神经递质、激素等；③细胞代谢产物：CO2、水分、尿素等．3、内环境中不存在的物质：血红蛋白、载体蛋白、H2O2酶、细胞呼吸酶有关的酶、复制转录翻译酶等各种胞内酶、消化酶等．【解答】解：A、核糖体存在细胞内，不属于内环境的成分，A错误；B、突触小泡存在细胞内，不属于内环境的成分，B错误；C、脂蛋白、葡萄糖、抗体都可以存在细胞外液中，都属于内环境的成分，C正确；D、溶酶体存在细胞内，不属于内环境的成分，D错误．故选：C．13．过量摄入糖类会导致体内脂肪积累，其部分原理如图所示．其中过程X、物质Y和物质Z 分别是（）A．糖酵解、丙酮酸、脂肪酸B．有氧呼吸、乳酸、脂肪酸C．糖酵解、乳酸、胆固醇 D．有氧呼吸、丙酮酸、胆固醇【考点】3O：细胞呼吸的过程和意义．【分析】脂肪是由甘油和脂肪酸合成的，在生物体内，合成甘油的原料主要来源于糖酵解途径；葡萄糖、蛋白质、脂肪相互转化；有氧呼吸过程包括糖酵解、丙酮酸氧化脱羧和递氢与氧化磷酸化三个阶段；丙酮酸为非常重要的中间代谢产物．【解答】解：由于脂肪是由甘油和脂肪三组成，所以Z代表的是脂肪酸；葡萄糖进行分解的中间产物是丙酮酸，根据图示的过程可以看出，不要氧气的参与，所以是糖酵解的过程．所以过程X、物质Y和物质Z分别是糖酵解、丙酮酸、脂肪酸．故选：A．14．如图为某个基因的部分片段，关于该结构的叙述，正确的是（）A．①所圈定的部位是腺嘌呤B．DNA连接酶作用于②处C．限制酶作用于③处 D．解旋酶作用于④处【考点】78：DNA分子结构的主要特点．【分析】分析题图：该图为某个基因的部分片段，①不但包括腺嘌呤．还包括侧链上的磷酸的脱氧核糖，为腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸；②是磷酸和脱氧核糖之间的磷酸二酯键；③是碱基之间的氢键；④是含氮碱基和脱氧核糖之间的化学键．据此答题．【解答】解：A、分析题图：①所圈定的部位是腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸，A错误；B、DNA连接酶连接磷酸二酯键，即②处，B正确；C、限制酶作用于磷酸二酯键，即②处，C错误；D、解旋酶作用于氢键，即③处，D错误．故选：B．15．如图中①代表新鲜菠菜叶的光合色素纸层析结果，则右图②所示结果最有可能来自于（）A．水培的洋葱叶 B．生长旺盛的柳叶幼叶C．培养的衣藻D．秋冬季银杏的落叶【考点】3I：叶绿体色素的提取和分离实验．【分析】叶绿体色素提取的原理：叶绿体中的色素能够溶解在有机溶剂，所以，可以在叶片被磨碎以后用乙醇提取叶绿体中的色素．色素分离原理：不同色素在层析液中的溶解度不同，溶解度越大，随着层析液扩散的速度越快，距点样处越远．距点样处的距离由近到远的色素依次是：叶绿素b、叶绿素a、叶黄素和胡萝卜素．【解答】解：据图①分析，由下而上的色素依次为叶绿素b（黄绿色）、叶绿素a（蓝绿色）、叶黄素（黄色）、胡萝卜素（橙黄色），②图中无叶绿素，只有叶黄素和胡萝卜素．水培的洋葱叶、生长旺盛的柳叶幼叶和衣藻中均有四种色素，而秋冬季银杏叶中叶黄素、胡萝卜素含量高，在低温条件下叶绿素已分解．。

2017年徐汇区高考数学二模试卷含答案2017．4一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1~6题每题4分，第7~12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果．1. 设全集，集合，则=____________．{}1,2,3,4U ={}2|540,A x x x x Z =-+<∈UC A2. 参数方程为（为参数）的曲线的焦点坐标为____________．22x t y t⎧=⎨=⎩t 3. 已知复数满足，则的取值范围是____________．z 1z =2z -4. 设数列的前项和为，若，则=____________．{}n a n n S *21()3n n S a n N =-∈lim n n S →∞5. 若的二项展开式中前三项的系数依次成等差数列，则_____．*1()(4,)2nx n n N x+≥∈n =6.把分别写在张形状大小一样的卡片上，随机抽取一张卡片，则抽到写着偶数或大12345678910、、、、、、、、、10于的数的卡片的概率为____________．（结果用最简分数表示）67. 若行列式中元素的代数余子式的值为，则实数的取值集合为___________．124cossin 022sin cos822x xx x 412x 8. 满足约束条件的目标函数的最小值是____________．22x y +≤z y x =-9. 已知函数．若函数有两个不同的零点，则实数的取值范2log 02()25()239x x x f x x <<⎧⎪=⎨+≥⎪⎩，，()()g x f x k =-k 围是____________．10. 某部门有8位员工，其中6位员工的月工资分别为8200，8300，8500，9100，9500，9600（单位：元），另两位员工的月工资数据不清楚，但两人的月工资和为17000元，则这8位员工月工资的中位数可能的最大值为____________元．11.如图：在中，为上不同于的任意一点，点满足ABC ∆M BC ,B C N ．若，则的最小值为____________．2AN NM = AN xAB y AC =+229x y +12. 设单调函数的定义域为，值域为，如果单调函数使得函数的值域()y p x =D A ()y q x =(())y p q x =也是，则称函数是函数的一个“保值域函数”．A ()y q x =()y p x =已知定义域为的函数，函数与互为反函数，且是的一个“保[],a b 2()3h x x =-()f x ()g x ()h x ()f x 值域函数”，是的一个“保值域函数”，则___________．()g x ()h x b a -=二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项．考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑．13. “”是“”的（ ） 1x >11x<（A ）充分非必要条件 （B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分也非必要条件14. 《九章算术》是我国古代数学著作，书中有如下问题：“今有委米依垣内角，下周八尺，高五尺，问：积及米几何？”其意思为：“在屋内墙角处堆放米（如图，米堆为一个圆锥的四分之一），米堆底部的弧长为尺，米堆的高为尺，问米堆的体积及堆放的米各为多少？”已知一85斛米的体积约为立方尺，由此估算出堆放的米约有（ ）1.62（A ）斛（B ）斛（C ）斛（D ）斛2134556315. 将函数的图像按向量平移，得到的函数图像与函数的图像1y x=-(1,0)a = 2sin (24)y x x π=-≤≤的所有交点的横坐标之和等于（）（A ）（B ）（C ）（D ）246816. 过椭圆右焦点的圆与圆外切，则该圆直径的端点的轨221(4)4x y m m m +=>-F 22:1O x y +=FQ Q 迹是（ ）（A ）一条射线（B ）两条射线（C ）双曲线的一支（D ）抛物线三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤．17. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图：在四棱锥中，⊥平面，底面是P ABCD -PA ABCD ABCD 正方形，．2PA AD ==（1）求异面直线与所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）PC AB （2）若点、分别是棱和的中点，求证：⊥平面E F AD PC EF ．PBC 18. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知函数是偶函数．41()2x xm f x ⋅+=（1）求实数的值；m （2）若关于的不等式在上恒成立，求实数的取值范围．x 22()31k f x k ⋅>+(,0)-∞k 19. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）如图所示：湖面上甲、乙、丙三艘船沿着同一条直线航行，某一时刻，甲船在最前面的点处，乙船在中间的点处，丙A B 船在最后面的点处，且．一架无人机在空中C :3:1BC AB =的点处对它们进行数据测量，在同一时刻测得，P 030APB ∠=．（船只与无人机的大小及其它因素忽略不计）090BPC ∠=（1）求此时无人机到甲、丙两船的距离之比；（2）若此时甲、乙两船相距米，求无人机到丙船的距100离．（精确到米）120.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分7分，第3小题满分5分）如图：椭圆与双曲线有相同的焦点，它们在轴右侧有2212x y +=22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>12F F 、y 两个交点、，满足．将直线左侧的椭圆部分（含,两点）记为曲线，直线A B 220F A F B +=AB A B 1W 右侧的双曲线部分（不含,两点）记为曲线．以为端点作一条射线，分别交于点AB A B 2W 1F 1W ，交于点(点在第一象限),设此时=.(,)p p P x y 2W (,)M M M x y M M F 11m F P ⋅（1）求的方程; 2W （2）证明:，并探索直线与斜率之间的关系;1p x m=2MF 2PF （3）设直线交于点，求的面积的取值范围.2MF 1W N 1MF N ∆S 21.（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）现有正整数构成的数表如下： 第一行： 1第二行： 1 2第三行： 1 1 2 3第四行： 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4第五行： 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5…… …… ……第行：先抄写第1行,接着按原序抄写第2行,然后按原序抄写第3行,⋯,直至按原序抄写第行,k 1k -最后添上数.（如第四行，先抄写第一行的数1，接着按原序抄写第二行的数1，2，接着按k 原序抄写第三行的数1，1，2，3，最后添上数4）.将按照上述方式写下的第个数记作(如,,,,⋯,,⋯,n n a 11a =21a =32a =41a =73a =)．14153,4,a a == （1）用表示数表第行的数的个数，求数列的前项和；k t k {}k t k k T （2）第8行中的数是否超过73个？若是，用表示第8行中的第73个数，试求和的值；0n a 0n 0na若不是，请说明理由；（3）令，求的值．123n n S a a a a =++++ 2017S参考答案一、填空题：(共54分，第1~6题每题4分；第7~12题每题5分)1.2.3.4. 5. 6.{}1,4(1,0)[]1,3187107. 8.9.10.11.12. 1|2,3x x k k Z ππ⎧⎫=±∈⎨⎬⎩⎭2-5(,1)9880025二、选择题：(共20分，每题5分)13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C三、解答题17、解：（1）以点A 为原点，以AB 方向为x 轴正方向，AD 方向为y 轴正方向，建立空间直角坐标系，则,--------2分(0,0,2),(0,0,0),(2,0,0),(2,2,0),(0,2,0)P A B C D 所以，,--------4分(2,2,2),(2,0,0)PC AB =-=设的夹角为，,PC ABα则分cos PC AB PC AB α⋅===⋅所以，的夹角为，,PC AB即异面直线PC 与AB 所成角的大小为.--------6分（2）因为点、分别是棱和的中点，E F AD PC 可得，，所以，--------8分(0,1,0)E (1,1,1)F (1,0,1)EF =又，，--------10分(0,2,0)BC = (2,2,2)PC =-计算可得，--------12分0,0EF PC EF BC ⋅=⋅=所以，，又，所以EF ⊥平面PBC .--------14分,EF PC EF BC ⊥⊥PC BC C =18、(1) 因为函数是定义域为R 的偶函数，所以有，-2分41()2x xm f x ⋅+=()()f x f x -=即， 414122x x x xm m --⋅+⋅+=即， ------------------------------4分44122x x x xm m +⋅+=故m =1.-----------------------------------------6分(2)，且在上恒成立，241()0,3102x xf x k +=>+>22()31k f x k ⋅>+(,0)-∞故原不等式等价于在上恒成立，--------------------8分22131()k k f x >+(,0)-∞又x ，所以， -------------------------------------10分∈(,0)-∞()()2,f x ∈+∞所以，----------------------------11分110,()2f x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭从而，----------------------------12分221312k k ≥+因此，. -------------------------------------------------------------------14分1,13k ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦19、(1)在中，由正弦定理，得APB ∆1sin sin 2AP AB ABABP APB==∠∠，-----------2分在中，由正弦定理，得 BPC ∆sin sin 1CP BC BCCBP CPB ==∠∠，-----------4分 又，，--------------------------------------------6分31BC AB =sin sin ABP CBP ∠=∠故.即无人机到甲、丙两船的距离之比为.-----------------------7分23AP CP =23(2)由得AC =400，且， ------------------------------9分:3:1BC AB =0120APC ∠= 由(1)，可设AP =2x ，则CP =3x ， ---------------------------------------------10分 在中，由余弦定理，得160000=(2x )2+(3x )2-2(2x )(3x )cos1200，------12分APC ∆解得x=CBAP即无人机到丙船的距离为CP =3x米. ----14分275≈20、解：（1）由条件，得，根据知，F 2、A 、B 三点共线，2(1,0)F 220F A F B +=且由椭圆与双曲线的对称性知，A 、B 关于x 轴对称，故AB 所在直线为x =1，从而得，.--------------2分A (1,B所以，,又因为为双曲线的焦点，所以，221112a b-=2F 221a b +=解得. ---------------------------------------------------------------3分2212a b ==因此，的方程为(). ------------4分2W 2211122x y -=1x >(2) 由P (x p ,y p )、M (x M ,y M )，得=(x p +1,y p )，=(x M +1,y M )，1F P 1F M由条件，得，即， ---------------5分1(1)M p M p x m x y my +=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩1M p Mp x mx m y my =+-⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩由P (x p ,y p )、M (x M ,y M )分别在曲线和上，有1W 2W，消去y p ，得2222122(1)2()1p p p p x y mx m my ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+--=⎩(*) ---------------7分2234(1)140p p m x m m x m +-+-=将代入方程(*)，成立，因此(*)有一根,结合韦达定理得另一根为，因为1m 1p x m =143p m x m-=,所以<-1，舍去.1m >143p mx m-=所以，. -----------------------------------------------------8分1p x m=从而点坐标为(，P 1m所以，直线的斜率，-------------------------------------9分2PF 2PF k =由,得M (1M p x mx m m =+-=m 所以，直线的斜率.--------------------10分2MF 2MF k =因此，与斜率之和为零. ---------------------------------11分2MF 2PF （3）由(2)知直线与关于x 轴对称，结合椭圆的对称性知点P 与点N 关于x 轴对称，故(,2PF 2NF N m1), -----------------------------12分1m-212-m 因此，S=⨯|F 1F 2|(|y M |+|y N |)=⨯2(+)2121212-m m 1212-m =+，-----------14分212-m 2211m -因为S 在上单调递增, ----------------------------------15分()1,+∞所以,S 的取值范围是.----------------------------------------------------16分)+∞21、解：（1）当时，2k ≥ ，----------------------------------------------------------------2分1211k k t t t t -=+++ ，1121k k t t t t +=+++ 于是，即，又， ---------------------3分1k k k t t t +-=12k k t t +=2112,1t t t == 所以，12k k t -=故. ---------------4分21122221k k k T -=++++=- （2）由得第8行中共有27=128个数，12k k t -=所以，第8行中的数超过73个，-------6分，-----7分707732173200n T =+=-+=从而，，020073n a a a ==由26-1=63<73，27-1=127>73，所以，按上述顺序依次写下的第73个数应是第7行的第73-63=10个数，同上过程知=2，--------------------------------------------------------9分7310a a =所以，.--------------------------------------------------------------10分02n a =（3）由于数表的前n 行共有个数，于是，先计算.21n-21n S -方法一：在前个数中，共有1个，2个，22个，……，2n -k 个，21n-n 1n -2n -k ……，2n-1个1， ---------------------------------------------------12分 因此=n ×1+(n -1)×2+…+ k ×2n -k +…+2×2n -2+1×2n -121n S - 则2×=n ×2+(n -1)×22+…+ k ×2n-k+1+…+2×2n-1+1×2n 21n S -两式相减，得=+2+22+…+2n-1+2n ＝2n+1-n -2.------------15分21n S -n -方法二：由此数表构成的过程知，，---------------12分121212n n S S n ---=+则+n +2=2(+n +1)，21n S -121n S --即数列{+n +2}是以S 1+1+2=4为首项，2为公比的等比数列,21n S -所以+n +2＝4×2n-1，即=2n+1-n -2. ------------------------------15分21n S -21n S -S 2017=+S 994 -----------------------------------------------------------------16分1021S -=++S 4831021S -921S -=+++S 2281021S -921S -821S -＝++++S 1011021S -921S -821S -721S -=+++++S 381021S -921S -821S -721S -621S -=++++++S 71021S -921S -821S -721S -621S -521S -=(211-12)+(210-11)+(29-10)+(28-9)+(27-8)+(26-7)+(24-5)=3986. ------------------------------------------------------------------------18分。

2017高三语文二模（徐汇，松江，金山）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题卷两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。

（17分）经典谁说了算王乾坤①很难说我们所处的是一个“去经典”还是“趋经典”的时代。

有一点可以肯定，这是一个不太吝啬“经典”名词的时代。

那么，什么是经典？经典由谁说了算？②通常的回答是：权威说了算或大众说了算。

但深通艺术之堂奥的人既不看重权势的眼色，也不在意大众的褒贬，他们心里明白：权威认定、大众评判也许不可或缺，但一切有形的人为裁判只有在文学合法性的前提下，才可能是有效的。

换言之，他们在乎的或敬畏的，是文学本身的法权。

③文学的自然法不是任何一种成文的文学法则，而是一种无形的天则。

“俯察人事，仰观天则．．．．。

”人事俯身可察，天则是需要仰观的。

由“自然法”来言事物的合法性本是天经地义。

可是在文明史上，天经地义的天则被各种偏见所干扰反倒成了常态。

五花八门的政治观、道德观、科学观、文化观、历史观以种种集体偶像的强势向文学越权，任意在这个领域封号经典，成了由来已久的“常态”。

④现当代，影响文学创作和评论的有两种思潮：一是认为世界是按照优胜劣汰的进化论定律演进的，二是认为权力可以决定一切。

这两种思潮交合成一种集体无意识：优胜在于权力，劣汰在于无权力。

于是，话语权如拜物教一般左右着创作家和评论家，从事文学艺术的匠人们使出浑身解数，不顾一切地调动可能的权力让自己的声音足够强大，最好是压倒一切成为中心。

经典史，只要检索一些古今中外文学巨匠们弱势的社会身份或话语权状况就能验证。

⑥那么进入文苑的小说多得是，为什么能被认定经典的是此而不是彼？是谁在进行这种无形的筛选？答案只能在文学合法性中寻求。

以《红楼梦》为例，王国维们的鼓吹改变了这部小说的接受史，乃至现代“红学”横空出世。