读写任务型写作训练共34页文档

读写任务写作训练—议论文写作（2）一、阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerable, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother.[写作内容]1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；2)然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：a)你是否赞同“环境决定智力的发展”这一观点？为什么？b)请举出具体事例说明你的观点；c)你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力？[写作指导](1)扼要概括（Summary）：2）根据上面的基本要素，用自己的话转述。

高考书面表达新题型训练（整合）解读：《2014年江苏高考考试说明》中书面表达示例部分多了读写任务型作文，这一作文类型在往年的考试说明上是没有的，将阅读与写作有机地结合,通过阅读所给材料的有关信息,进而对比信息进行加工,并结合平时积累的相关信息知识,按照任务要求谋篇布局,完成指定的写作任务。

（《2014年江苏高考考试说明》在考试形式、试卷难易比例以及试卷整体结构、题型、分值、时间分布等方面没有变化。

建议考生好好研究考试说明和往年真题，细细品味。

）【复习建议】对《2014年江苏省高考说明》中的词汇进行梳理，找出高考英语中常考的词，比较异同，创设情境等，在真实语言环境下训练词汇的使用。

以阅读为中心，不仅要好好阅读课文教材，而且要保持一定量的课外阅读，注意阅读速度和理解的准确率，同时训练对阅读文章的概括及缩写。

注意对《2014年江苏省高考说明》中提到的例题加以学习和研究，特别是读写任务型的作文，更应该引起重视。

“读写任务”议论文写作导练阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.[写作内容]1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？ b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？[写作指导](1)拟定标题：根据议论的主题及写作内容确定标题：Study hard and enjoy yourselves。

读写任务训练二过渡句（summary 和第二段的衔接；引出事例的过渡句）1. On reading this speech, my mind began its search for another story aboutdishonesty.2. From these stories, I acquire a deeper understanding of the lesson that honesty is the best policy.3. I once read a similar story about honesty.4. What I can learn from the story is that honesty is of great importance to human beings.5. After reading the story above, I was much convinced of the fact that honesty is the best policy.6. The story reminded me of one of my experiences.7. After reading this passage, it dawned on me that the importance of honesty cannot be emphasized too much.8. From what has been discussed above, we can reasonably draw a conclusion that honesty is the best policy.第二节读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I’m here today to share with you a good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It is a true story.After years of hard work, this Chinese student graduated with amazing academic achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed the chance for an interview! The third time he w as turned down, he couldn’t help telephoning the company to ask why they didn’t want him. The answer was simple. “We don’t hire dishonest people in Germany.”What was wrong you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets. So, to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits by dishonest means, but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the best policy.That’s all for my speech. Thank you!【写作内容】1.以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；2.然后以约120个词写一篇读后感，说明“诚信的重要性”，内容包括：（1）你读后的感受；（2）以你或他人的经历说明；（3）谈谈你从中悟出的道理。

读写任务说明文写作导练一．说明文概要模板a. 现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon -----…（主题), which…..（补充解释）.b. 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. A…while B…The passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth. On the positive side…, but it may also….c. 研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) that…The purpose of the report is to show that…二．说明文的概括方法：主题概括法/ 段意合并法写作方法：抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。

（所谓关键句主要是一些主题句即中心句）对现象分析型说明文，要找出“现象”“造成这种现象的原因”“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。

例1：The article points out the common phenomenon---Internet shopping, which offers great convenience. People can buy many things on the Internet including common products, information products and even services.例2：The passage mainly tells us what table manners are. By showing readers some different table manners in different countries, the passage reminds people to value table manners.例3：The passage shows that nowadays boys tend to perform worse than girls in all aspects in school, which is known as the ―boy crisis‖. Experts suggest that same-sex schooling may be a possible solution to the problem.三．实战演练（1）You may not be very familiar with”ecotourism”--- a new term in today’s tourism industry--- but in an area of growing environmental consciousness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and work out the meaning of this new form of holiday.Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique flowers, plants, animals and the cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It is considered as a kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration. Therefore, programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism.Ecotourism is developing at great speed. According to a report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. Over 80 activities have been listed for education, such as bird watching, hiking, diving, photography, mountaineering and participating in various kinds of local cultural events.Although big cities are still the major places that absorb tourists in our society today, it looks like some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historical resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.Find out the topic and expositions in the passage:Summary:（2）Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy foods. Secondly, don’t sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away from smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的).Last but not least, take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations (刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.四．2013广州二模读写任务阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

“读写任务式作文”写作训练Focus: 30词的摘要怎么写？（限时训练十五作文）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

As we all know, the “(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival period” has been a hot phrase all through the China land.The volume of passenger traffic(客运量) reaches its climax before and after the Spring Festival. Especially, the number of those who decide to go back to their hometown by train is increasing rapidly, so it promotes the short of the tickets of passenger train. Luckily, the Ministry of Railways(铁道部) has come up with solutions. For instance, it arranges extra trains during the peak time for passenger transport as well as opens 24-hour ticket sales windows for passengers in order to ease the traffic pressure. Moreover, it helps to deliver train tickets to the doorsteps, providing convenience for passengers.One thing that has to be mentioned this year is about start of selling tickets on-line this year. For one thing, it to some degree shortens the time of purchasing tickets. However, most of the passengers are migrant workers returning home for Spring Festival. They are not familiar with the process of buying tickets and as a result cannot buy the tickets on time. What is worse, many computers selling tickets broke down under too much pressure of operation. Therefore, many people blame such a method in that it doesn’t suit nowadays’ situation.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

读写结合型任务驱动型作文
哎哟，这雨后的空气真是清新啊！地上都是水坑，孩子们踩得
可欢了，边踩边笑，开心得不行。

那棵老梧桐树，叶子绿得跟翡翠
似的，看着就舒服。

在图书馆里，我翻着书，感觉时间都静止了似的。

阳光照进来，书桌上的光影真好看，让人心里特宁静。

篮球场那边，小伙子们一个个生龙活虎的，打球打得满头大汗。

看他们那劲头，感觉整个世界都是他们的舞台。

晚上去了公园，灯光暖暖的，大家都出来散步、聊天。

湖面上
倒映着星星，真美啊，看得我都陶醉了。

回到家里，厨房里飘出饭菜的香味，饿得我都流口水了。

看着
妈妈炒菜的样子，心里觉得特别温暖，这就是家的味道啊。

任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）（2008江苏卷）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations(调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyo ne‟s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.A format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.After you‟ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team‟s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.3 阅读短文，根据所读内容在文章后图标中的表格里填入最恰当的单词（每空1词）。

任务型读写作文课件怎样写任务驱动型作文写出好文章需要学会观察：一是多看，二是多练。

这里的“多看”即指多观察。

这就说明：要写好文章，要掌握娴熟的文章写作手法，就要多观察，学会观察，观察是写作的必要前提和基础。

（一）观察决不要仅仅局限于“用眼看”。

广义的更有实际意义的观察是指要将人的五官全部调动起来：用耳朵去聆听，用身体去感受，更重要的是要用心、用脑去思索，这样的观察才会更加细腻、深刻。

（二）观察过程中要注意运用好“烂笔头”。

俗语说得好：好记性不如烂笔头。

好多同学每天看到的挺多，思索的也挺多，但是不善于随时记下来，这样就会使观察到的材料付之东去，许多有价值的东西也会白白浪费掉。

（三）观察尤其要注意持之以恒。

别犯“脑热病”，三分钟的热度对与写好作文是没有益处的，你要将观察生活、思索生活贯穿于你生活的每一天，这样你才会写出妙文佳作来。

学会观察对于写好作文有着巨大的奠基和推动作用，离开了观察，你往往会感到难以下笔。

愿你学会观察，不断培养，提高赞成的观察能力，在写作实践中取得得大的进步。

考场限时作文本身就可以视为一项任务写作，考生必须按照写作要求完成考场限时写作任务。

任务驱动型材料作文也是材料作文，同样要读懂材料，从材料中分析出某种意义，明确可以写什么不可以写什么的任务要求，对“任务”进行确定性判断。

下面，结合2021年全国新课标卷一卷“女儿举报父亲开车打电话”作文题为例：2021年全国一卷作文题：因父亲总是在高速路上开车时接电话，家人屡劝不改，女大学生小陈迫于无奈，更出于生命安全的考虑，通过微博私信向警方举报了自己的父亲；警方查实后，依法对老陈进行了教育和处罚，并将这起举报发在官方微博上。

此事赢得众多网友点赞，也引发一些质疑，经媒体报道后，激起了更大范围、更多角度的讨论。

对于以上事情，你怎么看？请给小陈、老陈或其他相关方写一封信，表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。

要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，完成写作任务。

读作写作练习题（打印版）### 读作写作练习题（打印版）#### 一、阅读理解题目一：文章文章内容：时间，是每个人都拥有的宝贵资源。

然而，如何高效地管理时间，是许多人面临的挑战。

本文将探讨时间管理的基本原则和技巧，帮助读者更好地掌控自己的时间。

1. 认识时间的价值：了解时间的有限性，认识到每一分钟的重要性。

2. 设定目标：明确自己的长期和短期目标，将目标分解为可实现的任务。

3. 优先级排序：根据任务的紧急性和重要性进行排序，优先处理最重要的任务。

4. 避免拖延：识别导致拖延的原因，并采取措施克服它。

5. 使用工具：利用日历、待办事项列表等工具来规划和跟踪任务。

6. 定期回顾：定期回顾自己的时间使用情况，评估效率并做出调整。

问题：- 什么是时间管理？- 文章提到的时间管理技巧有哪些？- 如何识别并克服拖延？#### 二、写作练习题目二：文章标题：《我的家乡》写作指导：家乡，是每个人心中最温暖的地方。

请以《我的家乡》为题，写一篇不少于500字的文章。

可以从以下几个方面展开：1. 家乡的地理位置：描述家乡的地理位置，包括它所在的省份、城市或乡村。

2. 家乡的自然环境：描绘家乡的自然风光，如山脉、河流、植被等。

3. 家乡的文化特色：介绍家乡的文化传统，如节日、风俗、方言等。

4. 家乡的发展变化：叙述家乡近年来的发展和变化，包括经济、教育、基础设施等方面。

5. 个人与家乡的情感联系：表达自己对家乡的感情，以及家乡在你成长过程中的影响。

写作示例：我的家乡位于中国东部的一个小镇，那里有连绵起伏的山脉和清澈见底的河流。

春天，满山的桃花盛开，夏天，河水清凉宜人。

家乡的人们热情好客，有着丰富的节日传统，如春节的舞龙舞狮，中秋节的赏月吃月饼。

近年来，家乡的发展日新月异，新建的图书馆和学校为孩子们提供了更好的学习环境。

家乡不仅是我成长的摇篮，也是我永远的避风港。

#### 三、综合应用题目三：文章标题：《科技与日常生活》内容提示：科技的发展极大地改变了我们的日常生活。

“读写任务式作文”写作训练Focus: 30词的摘要怎么写？（限时训练十五作文）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

As we all know, the “(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival period”has been a hot phrase all through the China land.The volume of passenger traffic(客运量) reaches its climax before and after the Spring Festival. Especially, the number of those who decide to go back to their hometown by train is increasing rapidly, so it promotes the short of the tickets of passenger train. Luckily, the Ministry of Railways(铁道部) has come up with solutions. For instance, it arranges extra trains during the peak time for passenger transport as well as opens 24-hour ticket sales windows for passengers in order to ease the traffic pressure. Moreover, it helps to deliver train tickets to the doorsteps, providing convenience for passengers.One thing that has to be mentioned this year is about start of selling tickets on-line this year. For one thing, it to some degree shortens the time of purchasing tickets. However, most of the passengers are migrant workers returning home for Spring Festival. They are not familiar with the process of buying tickets and as a result cannot buy the tickets on time. What is worse, many computers selling tickets broke down under too much pressure of operation. Therefore, many people blame such a method in that it doesn’t suit nowadays’situation.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

任务型写作篇章结构(1)标题。

(有时不一定要求拟标题)(2)第一段：用一两句话概括所给短文内容要点，约30词。

建议控制在25-35词之间。

(3)第二段：议论文——过渡词引出主题句——自己的观点——例证，约100词。

记叙文——过渡词+与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事，约100词。

(4)第三段：即总结句，套语配名言来进行点题，要前后呼应，三位一体，约30词。

以上结构模式仅供参考，下列两点却是非常重要的：(1)概括一般单独一自然段；(2)发表看法或议论时，依照试题所给内容要点本身的顺序，原则上每个要点单独写一个自然段，这不但保证写作内容覆盖所有写作点，而且层次清晰，让阅卷老师一目了然；若其屮两条逻辑关系特别紧密，也可用一个自然段来表达。

任务型写作模板The passage mainly tells us about ___________ . It talks about _______ and______ , which is ______________ .As far as I am concerned, I think that _________________________________ .B ecause _______________________________ .Take myself for example, I experienced such a thing that many years ago, 1As the old saying goes,44 ___________ "・ In a word, we should ________ and ■(每段有主题句，整篇要有屮心思想，忌各段“各自为政”。

)概括的形式：“主题句+支撐句即“主题+主题的什么S文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点(一句)文章论据(两三句)记叙文故事的写作目的/主题(一句)故事大意(两三句)说明文说明的对象/观点/现象解释/分述feaetising阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

一篇完整的读写任务型写作;应该包括三部分;即概括、正文、结尾..1、概括：文章第一段为概括段;根据阅读材料的体裁和内容;一般用一两句话;约30个词进行提炼归纳原材料的中心主题..2、正文：这部分要根据写作内容要点来分段;一般写作内容有几个要点就分几段;而且;每段的主题句最好放在段首;然后用一些支撑句进行必要的拓展;即主题句+拓展内容..3、结尾：可以是总结;也可以是强调主题中心句等..（一）如何写好概括记叙文的概括先通过阅读材料;找出所给材料的六要素;再按一定的逻辑关系将六要素串联起来;组成能体现文章中心的一两句话;如：何时when何地where谁who做了什么事情what;结果怎样how或为什么会这样why..用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么;不能拖泥带水讲细节;而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理..注意人称和时态一般原文用是什么时态;概括就用什么时态的使用..切忌罗列细节或掺入个人思想..例1：阅读下面短文;然后以约30个词概括其内容要点..After graduating from college; I decided to try for a job at a radio station; and then I would become a sports announcer. I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station; but got turned down every time.Seeing I was disappointed; my mother said; “Everything happens for th e best. If you keep on trying; one day something good will happen. You’llrealize that it wouldn’t have happen if not for that previous disappointment.”In one studio; a kind lady told me that big stations couldn’t risk hiring an inexperienced person. “Go to small towns to find a small station that’ll give you a chance;” she suggest.So I tried WOC Radio in Davenport; Iowa. The program director; Peter MacArthur; told me they had already hired an announcer. So I was refused. As I left his office; I ask aloud; “How can a fellow get to be a sports announcer if he can’t get a job in a radio station”Suddenly MacArthur asked; “What did you say about sports Do you know anything about football” Then he let me stand before a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game.The program director was satisfied with me and I became a sports announcer the next day. Whenever I faced disappointment; my mother’s words would come to my mind.分析:1、这是一篇记叙文;概括前需找出：（1）谁 the writer/author（2）干了什么事 failed lots of times in looking for a job（3）结果如何 felt very disappointed（4）经验教训his mother inspired him to keep on; and he succeeded at last 2、然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来;便是本文概要..Summary:While looking for a job; the author suffered one failure after another; which made him feel very disappointed. It was his mother’s encouraging words that inspired him to go on trying until he succeeded.3、记叙文读写任务写作模板：第一段：The writer mainly tells us that…; which…第二段：After reading the story; I am deeply moved by the hero; who reminds me of…/The story reminds me of another story that happened to…第三段：I subscribe to the view that the whole society should attach importance to… Only when we raise people’s awareness of …; can we…夹叙夹议的概括夹叙夹议文;先按照记叙文的概括方法; 然后加上作者的看法或观点;指出该故事说明了一个什么道理或给人有什么启示或从中得出的哲理..例2：To many people even the word “work” sounds unpleasant; not necessarily because they are lazy. The same man; who dislikes his job in the factory or even in the office; may work hard at the weekend; painting the house or digging the garden.What is the reason; then In most case; it is because these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing. It does not give them any real satisfaction. It may be quite easy; like making up wooden boxes; but it is very boring. Very often they are doing a job which is just a small part of a much larger one; such as attaching a door handle to a car. But the partthey play in actually making the car is so small that they can never say: I have made somethingYet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way society is organized. No matter how ordinary a job is; it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. Society cannot function a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs.分析：1、这是一篇夹叙夹议文;概括前需找出：（1）文章叙述了什么In modern society; many people’s jobs; like cleaning streets; may be boring; small and unsatisfying; but they are necessary.（2）有什么启示 Ordinary jobs like cleaning streets are worth respecting.2、然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来;便是本文概要..Summary:Though many people find their jobs boring; small and unsatisfying; ordinary jobs like cleaning streets are necessary in modern society. And these jobs are worth respecting.说明文的概括说明文通常会有明确的主题句;先抓住关键词;并根据各段落的主题;有序地组织语言;完整表达出文章的中心内容..如果是分析型说明文;概括时要找出文章所说明的现象、产生该现象的原因及解决问题的方法或建议;然后用自己的话重组信息点..例3：You may not be very familiar with “eco-tourism”—a new term in today’s tourism industry—but in an era of growing environmental consciousness; it is not too difficult for us to imagine and work out the meaning of this new form of holiday.Eco-tourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique flowers; plants; animals and the cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It is considered as a kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration. Therefore; programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of eco-tourism.Eco-tourism is developing at great speed. According to a report by the World Tourism Organization; eco-tourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. Over 80 activities have been listed for eco-tourism; such as bird watching; hiking; photography; mountaineering and participating in various kinds of local cultural events.Although big cities are still the major places that absorb tourists in our society today; it looks like some smaller towns and rural areas in ecological; cultural and historical resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.分析：1、这篇文章的主题段在第二段及最后一段;主要告诉人们什么是生态旅游..因此;在概括时要把文章的主题段的中心话题“cultural heritage; takes ecology and culture into consideration; historical resources”用自己的话表述出来..为避免抄袭嫌疑;原文的takes ecology and culture into consideration可以用attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage进行平行互换..2、建议模板：建议用“一个主句+一个非限制性定语从句/分词短语”;即：写作对象+is…; which…注意：1、不必提及具体数字；2、不能出现个人观点字眼..如：I think/I agree with/I feel sorry for…Summary:Eco-tourism is a new fast developing form of holiday which attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage as well as historical resources. It can be a way to protect the environment.议论文的概括议论文一般包括“观点或问题、论据、结论”三个方面;所以;议论文的概括需要先弄清楚文章的论点、论据、结论;然后用一两句话将这三部分有机地结合起来;使之能反映文章的中心内容..概括对方观点首先是要转换视角;即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括..关注文章的首尾句、首尾段及每段的首尾句..如果文中有一分为二的观点;两种观点都要概括;不要漏掉其中一方的观点..注意：议论文的主体部分是论证的过程;论据占有很大的部分;但在写概括的时候;不需要详细写论证的过程;一切细节信息;都应该剔除;所以议论文的概括应当将“观点、论据、结论”三个方面同等对待..例4：Students should think now about what extracurricular课外 activities they would like to participate in may help them deepen their physical;creative; social; political; and career interests by bringing them into communication with other like-minded志趣相投的people they didn’t previously know.You can join groups as a way to get support from other students. A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you. Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people.Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways; too. It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers you’re well rounded and responsible. Specific activities help with specific goals.The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall; wandering the hall; or sleeping all afternoon. People who are participating are less likely to pick up bad habits; like smoking or drinking.分析：1、这篇议论文主要论述了参加课外活动的好处;一个段落说到一个好处may help you deepen your interests; break down the barriers; helps you in other ways; are less likely to pick up bad habits;在概括时只需把这几个段落的大意用自己的话转述出来..第一、二段：widen social circle and improve communication skills第三、四段：prepare for their future and form good habits然后运用定语从句和一些并列连词and; as well as把信息点合并成一个句子..2、建议模板：用一个句子阐述文章的中心论题或作者的观点;再用分词短语或非限制性定语从句作补充说明..如：The writer argues…+中心论点;which+分论点/ The writer told us that…3、然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来;便是本文概要..Summary:The writer argues for the strengths of extracurricular activities; which help students better themselves in widening their social circle and improving communication skills; making preparations for their future as well as forming a good habit.4、议论文读写任务写作模板第一段：From what is mentioned above; we know…第二段：Those who are in favor of it state/claim that… Opponents of this view argue that…第三段：I hold the view that priorities should be focus on …书信的概括如果读写任务所给阅读材料是书信体;那么;作为回信的开头;summary 通常是写读信后的感受、回信的目的等书信特点;同时;要能概括原文;正确使用人称;体现出书信交流的功能;而且要注意写信的格式和语气..例5：Dear David;I am writing you this email because you're so busy every day with your studies and after-school activities that we seldom have chances to talk face-to-face. There is something that I am very worried about.You have always been an active boy; willing to help others and always looking for an opportunity to try something new or learn something different.I think these are wonderful qualities but I am concerned that they may be affecting your studies. In the past three months alone you have joined at least four different student clubs. I see these activities taking up more and more of your time. You're always discussing something with your classmates or surfing online. You're also devoting less time to homework and even your teachers say you are looking very sleepy in class.I know that these kinds of activities are fun and can help your development; but I think they have started to damage your performance at school. Please remember the most important thing at this stage of your life is your studies. Right now you should do your best in your examinations as it will give you more choices in your future. I beg you to focus on your main goal and not to throw away all your years of hard workYour loving mother分析：1、按照“我已收到了你的来信/邮件;信中表达了......信件的内容”这一种思路组织结构..2、建议模板：I’ve received your letter/e-mail expressing…信件的内容Summary:I have just received your e-mail expressing your concern that I am being distracted from my studies because of my many after-school activities and about the consequences of this for my future.（二）如何写好正文及结尾写好段落主题句概括后要根据要点来写作;通常按要点分段;每一段的第一句最好是主题句;涵盖整段的内容;条理清晰..常考要点及主题句写作模板如下：1、引出经历The story reminds me of my own experience.This story reminds me of a similar experience of me.2、分析原因Reasons for this are varied. Some people think…while other people think…3、说明某事物的重要性Hobbies and interests play an important role in one’s growing.4、发表看法As far as I am concerned; I can’t agree more with…I hold my view for the reason…So it goes without saying that…From my point of view; I oppose the idea/statement that…For one thing;…For another;…5、利弊对比Its advantages can be listed as follows. For one thing;…For another;…however; just as a saying goes; “Every coin has two sides.” …isno exception; and in other words; it still has its negative aspects. To begin with; …In addition;…6、举例说明Such examples can be seen easily in our daily life. A good case is…7、心得体会Having finished reading the story; I was deeply touched.8、提建议Suggestions on…can be listed as follows.Here are my suggestion on…9、问题解决The following ways can be adopted to solve the problem.To solve the problem of…effective measures should be taken. For one thing; …For another;…10、观点对比Different people have different opinions on…Some people think…because…However; others think…for the reason that…11、说明异同There are some similarities between A and B. Both of them…However; some differences are also obvious.12、假设处境If I had/were…I would…掌握结尾技巧1、常见的总结方式有：（1）进行总结或概括：用简洁的语言概括中心内容;起画龙点睛的作用..（2）提出建议或呼吁：就某一社会现象或问题;提出积极正面的建议或呼吁..（3）重申观点;强调重要性..2、总结句前常用的短语有in brief; all in all; to sum up; to summarize; in conclusion; to conclude; in a word; therefore等..南通一阅读下面短文;并按照要求作文..Deer hunting is the most popular big game hunting sport in America This has continued to be a fact over the years for many reasons. Deer are plentiful throughout America. Despite the fact that they are heavily hunted; deer continue to produce more offspring than are harvested. In fact; they are becoming a trouble in many areas because of over-population.The deer is a challenge to hunt. They can see; hear and smell better than human beings. Hunters find it challenging to go into the deer’s territory 领土and attempt to outwit以智取胜them. A successful hunt means meat on the table; and if properly cared for; deer meat is healthy food with a delightful taste.Almost anyone who hunts can be fortunate enough to bag捕获a deer occasionally. However; a consistently successful hunter is a sportsman who can bring home legally taken deer year after year. The more successful hunters are those who spend fewer man-hours bagging a deer. But of course many hunters take great pleasure in just being in the great outdoors. Their hunt is a success regardless of whether they bag a deer or not. Anothermeasure of success is the size; length; and/or number of points the deer antlers鹿角have. Generally speaking; it takes a great deal more skill and patience to take an old; smart buck雄鹿than a younger deer.用约30个词写出上文概要..用约120个词发表你的观点;内容包括：1）为什么要保护野生动物..2）如何保护野生动物..第一段：Deer hunting is referred to as a popular sport in America; which provides many people with a lot of pleasure as well as healthy and delicious food. To them; success means more deer hunted and killed.第二段：From my point of view; I oppose the hunting sport. For one thing; wildlife is essential to the earth and helps keep the balance of nature. Some rare species of wildlife are threatened and even dying out gradually. For another; human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for a big profit; which results in a sharp decrease in the number of animals. Therefore; it is high time for us to take quick action to protect them.第三段：Effective measures should be taken to solve the problem. First of all; it’s quite necessary for every citizen to realize the importance of animal protection. Thus the government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of wild animals. In addition; those who hunt wild animals illegally shouldbe punished. Only when we attach importance to wildlife conservation; can we live in harmony with nature.。