10Unit4DiogenesandAlexander教案设计讲义

Unit 4一、授课时间：第8、9周二．授课类型：理论课9课时；实践课3课时三．授课题目：Diogenes and Alexander四．授课时数：12五．教学目的和要求：通过讲授课文使大学生了解有关犬儒哲学的有关知识，学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。

要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。

六．教学重点和难点：1）背景知识的传授：Diogenes and Cynicism (doggishness)；2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；3）语言点的理解：Word study: account; possess; form; roll; elaborateGrammar Focus: The function of adverbial modifier in different sentences; Patterns: the first/second, ect./the next/last+to-infinitive; the first, ect. + who/that clause七．教学基本内容和纲要Part One Warm – up1.1 Warm-up Questions1.2 Define the following words and phrasesPart Two Background Information2.1 Differences and similarities between Diogenes and AlexanderPart Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Theme of the text3.1.2 Structure of the text3.2 Writing Devices3.2.1 Contrast3.2.2 Developing paragraphs by examples3.2.3 Other ways of developing paragraphs?3.3 Sentence ParaphrasePart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions4.1.1 Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:4.1.3 Word Building4.2 Grammar4.2.1 ObjectPart Five Extension5.1 Group discussion八、教学方法和措施本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。

九．作业，讨论题，思考题完成课后练习；多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；坚持用英语写日记；做一些专四相关练习；十．参考资料：1)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（3）第二版，学生用书。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。

2)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（3）第二版，教师用书。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。

3)李观仪主编，《新编英语教程》（第三、四册）。

上海:上海外语教学研究出版, 1999。

4)黄源深，虞苏美等主编，《综合英语教程》（1-4册）。

北京：高等教育出版社，1998。

5)《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，北京：外语教学研究出版社，2000。

6)Judy Pearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。

上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998。

7)丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

8)张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994。

9)张道真，温志达, 《英语语法大全》上、下卷。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998。

十一、课后小结Unit 4 Diogenes and AlexanderPart One Warm – up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. What does the author tell us about Diogenes? Who was he? What was his philosophy?What did he think was the problem with people? How did he intend to help them? What were the key values he promoted? How, in his opinion, could we find true happiness?2. What does the author tell us about Alexander? What did this king have in common with Diogenes, the beggar? Why was Alexander considered a man of destiny?3. How would you contrast the two characters? Why did Alexander decide to visit Diogenes? What did Diogenes really mean when he said that Alexander was blocking the sunlight?1.2 Define the following words and phrases1. a mischievous pebble2. elaborate3. by design4. restrained5. chivalrousPart Two Background Information2.1 Differences and similarities between Diogenes and Alexander1. Who was Diogenes?A beggarA philosopherA missionary2. Doctrine: Cynicismthe doctrine that scorned worldly needs and pleasures and held that virtue was the key to the only good3. Cynicism in modern sense:the belief of a cynic, who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness, that no one will help others for good and sincere reasons4. What are the major tenets (principles) of Cynicism? Do you find any expressions of these principles in the text?self-sufficiencyshamelessnessoutspokennessperfection of virtue5. AlexanderMacedonian King: son of PhilipThe Thinker: student of AristotleThe Conqueror: Greece, Asia, EgyptWhy do you think he wanted to bring so many regions under his rule?the Great EmpirePart Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Character AnalysisDiogenes: the beggar (paras. 1-3)There are contrasts within the broad contrast.How did Diogenes contrast with ordinary homeless people?Diogenes: the philosopher (para. 4)“A Socrates gone mad”:repositioning of convention below nature and reasonThree key principles:living in accord with naturetotal disregard of conventionindependence (freedom) being the only true, lasting goodDiogenes: the missionary (para. 5)Comparison with ordinary hermitsSimilarities:Both grew tired of human society with its complications and wanted to live simply. Differences:hermitswent away to live simply—on a small farm, in a quiet village or a caveDiogeneshad a sense of mission, deliberately chose to live in the busy streets in Athens or Corinth, in order to convert peopleWhat was his mission?“to restamp the currency”call people back to the natural way of life—true lifeDiogenes: ways of teaching (para. 6)How did Diogenes differ from other philosophers of his time?Plato:taught his private pupils in his Academy, which he founded as one of the earliest centers of advanced learning in the world.Aristotle:taught his own private pupils by the use of laboratory, instruments, and specimens. Diogenes:taught all those who would care to listen by his own example or by taking people around him for examples.He carried a lighted lamp in broad daylight and inspected the face of everyone he met. “When you are all so busy, I feel I ought to do something!”Alexander: citizen of the world (paras. 11-13)1. King: different from other Macedoniansdrinking?women?fighting?2. Thinker: Aristotle’s pupil, he learnedculturephilosophyprinciples of scientific research3. Conquerortook command of the League of Greek Statescommander-in-chief of a new expedition against old, rich, corrupt AsiaThe Dramatic Encounter (paras. 14-17)The differences and similarities between the two historical characters. DifferencesSimilarities1.Both were great thinkers.2.Both had a sense of mission.3.Both were “citizens of the world,” admiring the heroic figure of Hercules, wholabored for mankind.4.Both were free.3.1.2 Structure of the textParas. 1-10Diogenes (life, philosophy, mission, ways of teaching)Paras. 11-13Alexander (a philosopher king with an inquiring, noble mind)Paras. 14-17their dramatic encounterRelevant questions:1. Question: What do you know about the historical background of the people discussed in the essay?2. Question: What does the essay tell us about Diogenes and Alexander?3. Question: What is a possible reason for an author to take the time to write an essay like this describing people who are long dead and gone?4.Question: How is the essay structured?5.Question: Try to find more information about these two historical figures to share with your classmates.6.Question: Underline the parts of the text that you find particularly well-put and interesting.7. Question: Be ready to give comments on the essay.3.2 Writing Devices1 Comparison & Contrast →examplesuse transitional words or expressions to make comparison and achieve unity: not so (para.5), the other…but for… (para. 6)He was one, but not the other. (para.1)Not so Diogenes. (para. 5)But for Diogenes, … (para.6)…Alexander was far older and wiser than his years. (para. 12)Like all Macedonians he loved… (para. 12)…he was a magnificent commander, but he was not merely a military automaton. (para.12) Only Diogenes, although he lived in Corinth, did not visit the new monarch. (para.13) Diogenes merely sat up…Diogenes said nothing. (para. 14)He understood Cynicism as the others could not. (para. 17)Like Diogenes, he admired… (para. 17)…who labored to help mankind while all others toiled… (para.17)use transitional paragraph to achieve coherence2. Parallelismachieve increased strength, sounding more powerful, more effective, e.g. para. 143. Euphemisme.g. done his business, natural acts4. Transferred Epitheta figure of speech that carries the modifier across and puts it on to another word which is not normally modified by it, so as to stress the emotions or feelingse.g. a mischievous pebble (para. 1) (It is Diogenes, not the pebble, that is mischievous.); amazed silence (para. 17) (It is the crowd, not the silence, that is amazed.)5. Analogye.g. drawing a parallel between “change the values” and “restamp the currency” (para.5)3.3 Sentence Paraphrase1. Sometimes they threw bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievous pebble, and got a shower of stones and abuse. (para. 1)Sometimes people would throw bits of food to him, but he hardly thanked them at all. Sometimes they would throw a pebble at him for fun, but get a shower of stones and a stream of abuse in return.2. His life’s aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the currency”: to take the clean metal of human life, to erase the old false conventional markings, and to imprint it with its true values. (para. 5)His purpose in life was clear to him: it was “to reprint the coins.” Human life can be taken as the clean coins which are imprinted with false markings. He was to remove the false markings and print the true values on it. In other words, his aim in life was to call on people to reject the false, conventional way of life and return to the simple and natural life.3.He had done his business like a dog at the roadside.He had emptied his bowels or passed water like a dog at the roadside.4.He was not the first to inhabit such a thing. But he was the first who ever did so by choice, out of principle.He was not the first to live in a cask. But he was the first who ever did so because he wanted to,not by necessity, not being forced to. He based it on a principle.5.But he taught chiefly by examplesDiogenes also taught by talking to people, but he mainly taught by setting an example for others to learn from.6.In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.In order to get a certain amount of material property or worldly possessions which actually have no value and will not last, he has allowed himself to be controlled by these things and has given away his own independence which is the only thing that is true and can last.7. Only twenty, Alexander was far older and wiser than his years.Alexander looked far older than a man of his age normally does, and was much wiser than a manof his age normally is.8. Live without conventions, which are artificial and false; escape complexities and extravagances…(para. 4)Live simply and freely. Pay no attention to conventions, which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or get rid of all those unnecessary things that make our life complicated and wasteful…9.They possess him. He is their slave. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. (para.4)They own and control him. He is their slave. In order to get some goods that have no true value and will be useless very soon, he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.10. His life’s aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the currency”…(para. 5) He knew very well what he lived for: it was to change people’s values, to make them know the true meaning of life…12.He was the man of the hour, of the century…(para. 13)He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular moment or this century…Part Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions1.Having no work to go to and no family to provide ____, he was free. (para. 1)provide for:give sb the things that they need to live, such as food, clothing Translation他要供养他年迈的父母以及两个正在上学的妹妹。