[研究生入学考试]考研英语语法

考研英语语法总结（完美版）从2002年起，研究生英语考试取消了语法、词汇等基础知识的考查，将此部分改考为听力。

但取消了此部分知识点的考查并不意味着英语语法等基础知识的不重要。

根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议，他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础，其实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查，但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解，有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式，这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解，而且有助于学生做好英译汉，写好作文。

（一）情态动词一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。

在这两个方面must/mustn’t,; can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; ougtht等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1．表示已经发生的情况。

1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。

如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetic ally:” Are you feeling all right?” [A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be （答案为C）2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。

如：Mary my letter; otherwise she woul d have replied before now. [A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received （答案为A）3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。

研究生入学考试公共课英语语法2011年考研英语语法重点:正确处理定语成分近日相继有考生来电询问，2011年考研英语语法重点的情况，我们从相关单位获悉2011年考研英语语法重点相关消息。

许多句子的译文不顺，究其原因，往往是定语没有处理好。

在英语里，可以用作定语的成分很多。

单词、从句、分词短语、介词短语、动词不定式，都可用作定语。

单词作定语一般放在被修饰语前面，其它定语一般放在后面。

汉语里，定语一般放在被修饰语前面。

因此翻译时若把定语仍译成定语，而且仍放在前面，译文当然就不顺了。

定语如果不译成定语，又能译成什么呢?一、主从结构译为并列结构例1：The police are concerned for the safety of the 12-year-old boy who has been missing for three days.那个12岁的男孩失踪三天了，警方对他的安全感到担忧。

例2：Each of London’s districts had a distinct character that marked it off from its neighbours. 伦敦的每个区都有鲜明的特征，与邻近地区不同。

例1的译文用了两个主谓结构，也可以说是两个并列短句。

若译作“警方对那个已失踪三天的12岁男孩的安全感到担忧”，异文就因定语太长而不顺了。

例2的译文用了一个主语带两个并列的谓语。

总之，这两个例子，原文都是主从结构，而译文都是并列结构。

这也正是英汉两种语言在句子结构方面最大的区别。

二、分词作定语译为两个主谓分句例3：Police investigating the train derailment have not ruled out sabotage.警方调查火车出轨事件，没有排除人为破坏的可能。

例4：Any event attended by the actor received widespread media coverage.这位演员参加任何一项活动，媒体都作了广泛报道。

最新2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of English1. C for2. A faith3. D price4. B Then5 . D When6. B produce s7 . C connect8. D to9. B mood10 . A counterparts1 1. B Lucky1 2. B protect1 3. A between1 4. C introduced1 5 D inside1 6. A discovered1 7 . C fooled1 8. B willing1 9. A In contrast20 . C unreliableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121. Who will be most threatened by automationD Middle-class workers22. Which of the following best represent the author’s viewC Issues arising from automation need to be tackled23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on______.A creative potential24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at_____D preventing the income gap from widening25. In this text, the author presents a problem with______B possible solutions to itText 226. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on_____D social media as a reliable source of news27. The phrase “bee f up 〞 (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_____A sharpen28. According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people_____B verify news by referring to diverse sources.29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem isC readers ’ misinterpretation30. Which of the following would be the best title for the textA A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineText 331. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMindB It failed to pay due attention to patients ’ rights.32. The NHS trust responded to Denhams verdict with_____C necessary adjustments.33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that_____D the value of data comes from the processing of it.34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is_____D the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35. The authors attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare isB cautiousText 436. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by____ _B its rigid management37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to_____ ?A the interference from interest groups38. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by ?A removing its burden of retiree health care39. In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with ?C discontent40. Which of the following would be the best title for the textD The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-AidPart B4 1. E The Eisenhower Executive Office Building…4 2. G The history of the EEOB began long…4 3. A In December of 1869…4 4. B Completed in 1875…4 5 . D Many of the most celebrated national figures…Part C46 . By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. 在其出生之时， ZJ 戏剧在欧洲逐渐消逝，在古典悲剧和喜剧的激发下，还产生了各种新形式的戏剧。

研究生入学考试英语一（通常称为考研英语一）的题型及分数分配如下：
1. 完形填空（Cloze Test）：20题，每题0.5分，共10分。

此部分测试考生根据上下文逻辑和语法知识填空，要求考生具备较强的语言理解能力和词汇运用能力。

2. 阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）：共包含快速阅读、篇章阅读和新题型三个子部分。

-快速阅读：10题，每题1分，共10分。

测试考生对长篇文章的快速阅读和理解能力。

-篇章阅读：共20题，每题2分，共40分。

测试考生对一篇或几篇文章深入理解的能力，包括细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等。

-新题型：5题，每题2分，共10分。

测试考生的信息获取、图表分析、逻辑推理等综合能力。

3. 翻译（Translation）：英译汉，共15分。

此部分要求考生将一段英文翻译成准确流畅的汉语，测试考生的语言转换能力和对英语语法及词汇的掌握程度。

4. 写作（Writing）：1题，共15分。

通常要求考生写一篇议论文，测试考生的英文书面表达能力、逻辑组织能力和语言运用能力。

总分为100分。

考研英语一的题型设计旨在全面考察考生的英语语言知识运用能力，包括听、说、读、写、译等方面的综合能力。

考生需要在各个部分都有所准备，以应对考试的挑战。

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Close Test一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。

二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。

二、试题具体分析1.［A］so这么，那么［B］more更多［C］else其他的，别的［D］another另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。

［快速解题］空格所在部分For an hour or1是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。

…or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。

因此选［A］so。

［篇章分析］文章第①句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。

②③具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（③句）。

句间通过On Wednesday afternoons —For an hour or so—And then—another hour时间链条，in the market—up and down between the stalls—（leave the market）for the streets—furniture shop地点链条实现衔接。

［空格设置］此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语…or so，表示约指，例句：There were20people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。

［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的副词。

else用于疑问句或nothing，something，everybody等之后，如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么？or else意为“要不然，否则”，是连词词组，引导句子，如：Hurry up or else you’ll be late.快点，否则你就要迟到了。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语((一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] On【解析】本题考查介词的用法。

在具体的某一天之前要用介词on,故本题正确答案为[C]On o2【答案】[A]match【解析】本题考查语义理解。

前文说数百万的英国人将在本周末庆祝本国的一个重大传统节日：周日烧烤节。

故英国人民在这一天应该特别欢乐的，因而也就没有什么烹饪乐趣(culinary pleasure)能与之媲美，故本题正确答案为[A]match 031 答案答案]][B] enjoyment【解析】本题考查语义理解。

由空前this可知本空应填名词，且该名词在前文应该出现过或与前文出现过的名词同义，而前文反复出现的名词为pleasureo并且，填入之后本句大意为这种快乐将会被视为是某种快乐，语义上能够说通，故本题正确答案为[B]enjoyment41 答案】[D] guaranteed【解析】本题考查语义理解。

前文说这种快乐将被视为是另一种罪悉的欢愉，并且从语法结构来看本句已完整，故本空及空后内容应该是分词短语作后置定语，修饰前文的guilty pleasure0后文说这种欢愉会损害我们的健康，根据情感一致原则可首先排除privileged,再结合上下文语义，可确定本题正确答案为[D]guaranteed,本句意为：这是一种升级的欢愉，并确定无疑地会损害我们的健康。

51 答案][A]issued公开的警示))为本空的宾语，浏览【解析】本句考查语意搭配。

由结构分析可知，空后名词短语a public waning (公开的警示四个选项可知本题正确答案为[A]issued,填入后意为“发布一则公开的警示”。

61答案】[B]at【解析】本题考查介词搭配的用法。

空前后大意为“在高温下烹饪的食物"，a...temperature表示在……温度下，故本题正确答案为[B]at071 答案][D]avoid【解析】本题考查语义理解。

研究生考试英语的语法第一、〔考研〕语法的学习必须要系统安排。

语法是语言规律的系统总结，只有系统地学习，我们才干有效地理解和记忆。

语法的作用是举一反三，掌握了一条语法规则，我们就搞明白了一类语法现象。

语法现象虽千变万化，但语法规律至多就是一本书。

所以大家做题时，碰到不懂的语法现象时，不应该要求自己只是记住这种现象，而应积极地返回语法书中去寻找现象背后的规则。

这样做实际上是减少了工作量，因为语法现象虽然繁复多变，但万变不离其宗，只要理解了核心规则，就可以不变应万变!第二、在系统学习的基础上，应该有所侧重，应该依据考研英语大纲的要求系统地掌握语法。

考研英语试卷中，涉及到的动词语法现象约占总题量的一半，剩下的一半与介词、代词、从句引导词等有关。

有关动词的现象从考题的频度上讲，主要是非谓语动词的用法，非谓语动词包括不定式，-ing分词和 -ed分词，它们几乎占到英译汉这部分语法知识的三分之一;不定式主要考查不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行时以及它的被动式。

-ing分词主要考查哪些词后必须接 -ing 分词以及它的独立主格结构，完成时、被动态和否定形式;ed分词主要考查ed分词与逻辑主语的关系和在复合结构中的运用。

与从句有关的语法现象主要是定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句，还有一些特别句型，比如强调，省略、倒装等。

他们的存在使句子的结构更为复杂，让考生更难看明白句子的成分，它们是英译汉的重要考查点。

大家只有先了解大纲的要求，才干在复习的过程中做到心中有数。

第三、学习语法和真题演练互相结合。

如果题目做的不是很好，你就会有动力持续看书，如果题目做的好，就说明你对这部分语法知识掌握的不错。

看语法书的同时，对基本的语法知识进行梳理和整理，形成体系，同时对一些特别的语法现象进行归纳，要手眼并用，不能只看不动手。

另外，语法复习重在语法现象本身，而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。

2考研英语语法复习一、语法书的选择关于一些基础比较弱的同学而言，他们的状况是对语法一知半解或者完全处于懵懂的状态。

考研英语二必备知识点归纳考研英语二，即全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语科目的第二类考试，主要面向非英语专业考生。

以下是考研英语二必备知识点的归纳：词汇量考研英语二要求考生具备较高的词汇量，通常在6000-8000词左右。

考生应重点掌握高频词汇、词组搭配以及词汇的多义性。

语法知识语法是英语表达的基础。

考生需要掌握各种时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词、从句等语法知识，并能够灵活运用。

阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语二的重点，考生需要培养快速阅读和深度理解的能力。

这包括对文章主旨大意的把握、细节信息的捕捉、逻辑关系的分析等。

完形填空完形填空考查考生对文章整体结构和上下文逻辑的理解。

考生需要在掌握文章大意的基础上，选择最合适的词汇填空。

翻译翻译部分要求考生将中文翻译成英文或将英文翻译成中文。

这不仅考查语言转换能力，也考查对文化差异的理解。

写作写作部分包括小作文和大作文。

小作文通常为应用文写作，如书信、通知等；大作文则为议论文写作，要求考生就某一话题发表观点，并进行论证。

听力虽然考研英语二不包含听力部分，但考生在备考过程中也应加强听力训练，以提高英语综合运用能力。

真题训练通过历年真题的训练，考生可以熟悉考试题型和难度，了解命题规律，提高应试技巧。

模拟考试定期进行模拟考试，可以帮助考生检验学习效果，调整备考策略。

心态调整保持良好的心态对于考研英语二的备考至关重要。

考生应合理安排时间，避免临近考试时的紧张和焦虑。

结束语考研英语二的备考是一个系统工程，需要考生在词汇、语法、阅读、写作、翻译等多方面下功夫。

通过不断的练习和总结，相信每位考生都能够在考试中取得理想的成绩。

祝愿所有考生考研顺利，实现自己的学术梦想。

【考研英语辅导班】考研英语语法详解：九大代词启道考验分享得英语者得考研，想超越80分，关注启道英语考研辅导班。

全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

对于很多考生来说，考研英语是一门比较难的科目，很多同学为了取得更好的分数都会选择报考研英语辅导班!那么多的考研英语辅导班那，究竟哪个考研英语辅导班比较好呢?哪个才是适合自己的呢？启道考研小编来帮忙。

在启道考研英语辅导班，不需要每天不停的刷阅读，刷阅读，刷阅读。

更不需要毫无目标的做真题，做真题，做真题。

掌握有效的学习方法，完成事半功倍的学习效率。

考研英语语法是将词汇与文章大意搭连在一起的一座桥梁，掌握了语法，就相当于打通了英语学习的任督二脉。

启道考研英语辅导班为各位考研生整理了考研英语语法中关于代词的知识，希望大家能有有所裨益。

一、人称代词(一)人称代词的主格、宾格人称代词的主格在句中作主语、表语，宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语，主格和宾格不可混用。

例句： When school was over， Jack and me went home together.分析： me应改为I，因为它处在主语的位置上。

译文：Jack和我在放学后一起回家。

例句： Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm， and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect. (1996年第14题)分析：该句是复合句，其中which a person smokes是修饰each cigarette的定语从句，he指代前面的a person。

考研英语必备语法基础第一章词性1.1 名词在研究生考试试题中，对于名词这一语法项目的测试除了主谓搭配问题以外，还涉及名词的其他一些用法。

后面将对主谓一直问题作较为详细的讲解，本章中讨论运用名词时应注意的问题。

1.1.1 名词作形容词使用名词可以修饰名外一个名词，起定语的作用，或于另一名词构成合成词。

这时作定语用的名词一般用作单数名词。

[例句]They live in a country house.他们住在乡下的房子里。

He often visits a night club.他经常去夜总会。

1.1.2 名词的所有格1．表示人或动物以及拟人化事物的名词在词位加’构成所有格，例如：the gentleman’car , the dog’food.这种所有格也可以用于表示时间、重量、距离等的名词，如：yesterday’s news;three hour’s journey.2．如果修饰语有如下情况，应该在前面加of构成其所有格。

(1)表示无生命事物：the window of the house; the color of the car(2)集体名词：the capital of the firm, a member of this society遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌——海文2(3)the+形容词：the misfortune of the young, the mystery of this cociety(4)当a, an, this, these, that, any, some, no等词和所有格名词修饰同一名词时，需要同时用以上两种形式，称为双重所有格：I don’t use Tom’s car because I don’t quite appreciate that car of this.(5)有些时候两个名词所有格并列使用，他们后面的名词若分别属于两者所有，须在两个名词所有格后面分别加’s；若属于两个名词所共有，则在第二个名词后面加’s：Martin and Alice’s car broke down again, but luckly they knew how to fix it. (car为单数，说明这辆车市他们两个人所有。

I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。

2.写作考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。

考研英语语法大全冠词(article)一、单数可数名词单数可数名词前必须加冠词，a(an)表示泛指或类指，the表示特指或类指。

例句： washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the revolutionary war, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. (选自xx年text 4)分析：该句是复合句，其中主句是washington overcame the strong opposition...，who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰washington，该句中又有一个that引导的从句作believe的宾语。

译文：在美国独立战争期间目睹了黑人士兵的勇敢之后，华盛顿才开始认为人生来平等。

他克服了亲人的强烈反对，在遗嘱中给自己的奴隶们自由。

例句： while the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (选自xx年part c)分析：该句是复合句，其中supplied to them by lawyers作定语修饰interpretations，undue reliance意为“过分依赖”。

译文：虽然法律报道的质量各不相同，但是许多新闻记者都过分依赖律师提供给他们的解释。

二、定冠词the的用法在下述几种情况下须用定冠词the:表示世界上独一无二的名词，用在可数名词单数或某些形容词前代表一类人或事物，用在形容词、副词最高级和序数词和only之前。

英语考研考什么英语考研是中国研究生入学考试中的重要科目之一，对于考生来说是必须要面对的考试。

那么，英语考研到底考什么呢？下面将为大家介绍英语考研的考试内容和重要性。

1. 考试内容1.1 英语语法和词汇英语语法和词汇是英语学习的基础，所以在考研中也是非常重要的。

考生需要了解英语的基本语法规则，如时态、语态、名词、动词等的用法。

此外，词汇量的积累也是英语考研中的重要内容。

考生需要学习并掌握一定量的英语词汇，以便在考试中准确使用。

1.2 阅读理解英语考研中的阅读理解是考察考生对于阅读材料的理解能力和英语阅读技巧的考题。

考生需要通过阅读并理解文章的主旨、细节、推理和推断等，回答相关的问题。

在考试中，阅读理解的难度不断增加，考生需要不断提高自己的阅读水平和速度。

1.3 翻译翻译是英语考研中的一项重要内容，也是考生需要进行的任务之一。

考生需要具备将中文翻译成英文或将英文翻译成中文的能力。

翻译不仅要求考生对于语法和词汇的掌握，还需要考生具备一定的语境分析和翻译技巧。

1.4 写作写作是英语考研中的另一项重要内容。

考生需要在规定的时间内完成一篇英语短文写作任务。

写作题目通常与社会热点、文化教育、科技发展等相关，要求考生能够准确表达自己的观点并运用适当的语法和词汇。

2. 考试重要性2.1 入学门槛英语考研是中国研究生入学考试的一部分，是考生进入研究生阶段的门槛。

无论专业是什么，英语考研成绩都是学校录取研究生的重要依据之一。

因此，考生需要重视英语考研，努力提高自己的英语水平。

2.2 学习需求无论是哪个专业，研究生阶段需要大量的英文文献资料。

只有具备一定的英语阅读和翻译能力，才能更好地进行研究和学术交流。

英语考研的内容和要求，有助于提高学生的英语能力，为日后的学术研究打下良好的基础。

2.3 职业发展英语考研的提高对于职业发展也有着积极的影响。

英语能力强的研究生在求职时更具竞争力，可以更好地适应全球化的就业形势。

同时，对于从事外贸、国际交流等职业的人来说，英语考研的提高是必要的。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语考试大纲一、考试性质全国硕士研究生招生考试英语考试（以下简称考研英语）是为我国高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研机构在专业上择优选拔。

二、考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1. 语法知识：考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，包括：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇：考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组（详见附录1）。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

（二）语言技能1. 阅读：考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中的具体信息；（3）理解文中的概念性含义；（4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；（5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；（6）理解文章的总体结构以及各段落之间的关系；（7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；（8）区分论点和论据。

2. 写作：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。

写作时，考生应能：（1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；（2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；（3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；（4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。

2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码812 考试科目名称英语语法与翻译I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered groups in the ANSWER SHEET (see the following model). There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)MODEL: 01-05: AAABC, 06-10: AAABC11-15: AAABC, 16-20: AAABC1. Traditionally, Samoan parents left speaking to children ______ their older siblings.A. forB. toC. ofD. at2. My beliefs about the varieties of language from which I may choose, based on my perceptions of their use and users, ______ account for my management decisions:A. helpB. helpsC. helpedD. helping3. The foes were ambushed on the way of withdrawal, namely, they ______.A. got beatB. got beatenC. get beatenD. get beat4. Don’t worry about the seats. T here are ______ chairs in the room.A. bothB. a large amount ofC. plenty ofD. a great deal of5. “In a study of immigrant former Soviet families in Israel, Kopeliovich (2006) found that some children appear to be more susceptible to internal influence and others to external: the one family in which she found strong Russian maintenance had only two children.” ______ is the subject (or doer) of the verb “had” underlined.A. KopeliovichB. maintenanceC. RussianD. family6. In the garden near the river, tourists are attracted by the hives surrounded by a ______ of bees.A. swarmB. shoalC. herdD. flock7. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.A. sinkingB. sunkenC. sunkD. sink8. Literacy of course permitted scattered Jewish traders to keep contact with their partners and families. Which of the following is the predicate of the sentence?A. permitted scatteredB. scatteredC. permittedD. keep9. The exploration of the religious domain has shown the existence of pressure for language policy and ______ specific management policies applied by major religions.A. inB. forC. atD. of10. The cadets spent ______ their time working out the issue.A. halfB. mostC. moreD. both11. Thirdly, religious institutions, each with its own internal policy structure -- rabbis, priests, and imams passing on beliefs and practices to congregants -- constitute an important external factor adding to the pressures on its members and on their families. What is the predicate verb in this sentence?A. passingB. structureC. constituteD. adding12. In vain _____ to get in touch with the Embassy.A. did they tryB. tried theyC. they triedD. they have tried13. We ______recommend the book as a reference book for the freshmen.A. prettyB. highlyC. highD. prettily14. For educational systems, the decision on additional languages may be set at the top or left to individual schools. The word “left” is ______A. a nounB. an adjectiveC. a verb(past participle)D. a verb(past tense)15. You ______all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A. can not have doneB. must not have doneC. shouldn’t have doneD. needn’t have done16. Computers can be so many complex things, which _______ considered miraculous in the past.A. can beB. have beenC. would have beenD. had been17. The international flight was cancelled because of the flu epidemic. The underlined word means ______.A. call offB. call upC. call forD. call on18. The teaching of _______ is clearly labeled as a foreign language varies considerably.A. howB. whatC. asD. when19. The general practice in systems where all the words uttered in court are recorded and transcribed to form a record that might be consulted on appeal to a higher court is that anything in another language must be translated into the official language, the resulting translation (right or wrong) constituting the official record. Which is the predicate verb of the main sentence？A. are recorded and transcribedB. might be consultedC. isD. must be translated20. Over time, the greater complexity of language engineering (another term tried by some) was recognized, so that it would have to include “a broad range of different sociolinguistic situations at different levels of enlargement (from nation to firm), of a broad range of different interests and population groups (from women to refugees), under widely different communicative circumstances (of media, channels, information processing), and foremost, of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions.” In this sentence, ______ are in the parallel in grammar？A. of different sociolinguistic situations; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of thedifferent ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditionsB. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; under widely different communicative circumstances; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditionsC. of different sociolinguistic situations: of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditionsD. of enlargement; of a broad range of different interests and population groups; of the different ideological and real, global and local sociopolitical conditions21. It’s rather hard to draw a _______ line between the two things.A. clean-cutB. clear-cuttingC. clean-cuttingD. clear-cut22. I did not turn up in the party the day before yesterday, because I ______ forgot it.A. cleanB. clearlyC. cleanlyD. clear23. ______, I’ll have a try.A. To sink or to swimB. Sink or swimC. To sink or swimD. Sinking or swimming24. The Justice Minister of South Africa expressed regret that the law courts continued to be run in English and Afrikaans and supported the ANC position that the policy must be changed. Which two words are in parallel in grammar？A．continued and supported B. expressed and supportedC．expressed and changed D. continued and changed25. He knows little of physics, and ______ of math.A. even moreB. still lessC. no lessD. still more26. There is no man ______ errs.A. whoB. whichC. butD. that27. In ______ are called maintenance programs, the endpoint will still maintain some time for the home language, perhaps once a day for enrichment or one or two subjects still taught in the home language.A. whileB. thatC. whatD. when28. As long as there is a ______ of hope for the success, we will make 100% efforts to prepare.A. fitB. flightC. bundleD. flash29. Let’s ______ we have a million US dollars.A. make believeB. take believeC. feel likeD. let drop30. There ______ out to be in many situations in which organizations (and nations too for that matter) would benefit from a language policy, but do not see it as of high enough priority to develop one.A. turningB. turnsC. turnedD. turn31. He did it in ______ time it took me.A. the one-thirdB. half aC. the doubleD. one-third the32. Who lives in the ______ house?A. new big classical-styleB. classical-style new bigC. new classical-style bigD. big new classical style33. Confounding the issue are the two opposed views brought to language policy questions: the belief that the main goal of language policy is linguistic convergence in order to build national unity and social cohesion, and the contrasting belief that the main goal of language policy must be to maintain linguistic diversity. The subject of the sentence is ______.A. confounding the issueB. the issueC. the belief…and the contrasting beliefD. views34. She made a point ______ coming late so that everyone would look at her.A. forB. ofC. inD. with35. As a general rule, schools teach the literary or written standard form of a language. Under the influence of language teaching ideologies like the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approach, they may add the spoken language, but usually as a small part of the curriculum. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______.A. ideologiesB. the Direct Method or the Audio-lingual Method or the Communicative approachC. schoolsD. Some people afore-mentioned36. The post office is only ______ away.A. a stone’s throwB. stone’s throwC. stone throwD. a stone throw37. ______ income tax, rates, and the cost of repairs to the house, Mr. Corder has saved very little this year.A. Thanks toB. What withC. Along withD. Except for38. I was afraid of the tent ______ down during the night.A. being fallenB. fallenC. fallingD. fell39. ______ rain, the football match will be postponed.A. In the consequence ofB. In defiance ofC. In danger ofD. In the event of40. In this section, I propose to look at some cases of community language activism similar to those that have been described but more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement towards autonomy an d eventual independence. In this complex sentence, the phrase “some cases of community language activism” is modified by ______?A. noneB. “similar to those that have been described”C. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case”D. “similar to those that have been described” and “more like the Māori case, where there is no anticipation of the minority ever becoming a majority, than the Hebrew and other nationalist cases where language activism was part of a movement to wards autonomy and eventual independence”41. We came to Sichuang Province with an eye to visiting the _______ area.A. poverty-strikingB. poverty-strickenC. poor-strikingD. poor-stricken42. Many a student at this university contemplated ______ to the West of China after graduation.A. to goB. goC. goingD. gone43. The trainer has his students _______ a lot of warming-up exercises each time.A. doneB. to doC. doingD. do44. “As time went on, the Palestine Jewish community took on more of the characteristics of a resistance movement, especially after the publication by the British government of the White Paper threatening to close down Jewish emigration to Palestine just at the time that the Nazi destruction of the European Jewish communities was getting under way.” Which is “the White Paper” used to modify?A. resistance movementB. Jewish communityC. British governmentD. publication45. To teach students English is my ______ duty.A. boundB. bindingC. bindedD. bounden46. He’s dealt _______ and square with me.A. fairB. fairlyB. firm D. firmly47. Earlier scholarship dealing with what Nekvapil (2006) thinks can still be labeled language planning was generally confined to the activities of the governments of independent nation-states. _______ is the predicate verb(s) in the sentence?A. dealing withB. thinksC. can be labeledD. was confined48. _______he uttered the words there was a dead silence.A. DirectlyB. ClearlyC. RightlyD. Ferociously49. Our working assumption in the following will be that local governments will undertake language management to deal with local internal problems – if there is multilingualism, they must establish official or working languages for internal use and for providing services for citizens. The underlined pronoun “they” refers to ______?A. problemsB. somebody elseC. local governmentsD. citizens50. The lady standing at the corner was a little of ______, I suppose.A. the coquetteB. coquetteC. a coquetteD. coquettes51. Fishman similarly shows how the contemporary status of Yiddish has been buoyed by the addition of sacred ______ political arguments.A. beyondB. beneathC. overD. to52. ______ irritation occur, discontinue use immediately.A. WouldB. MightC. CouldD. Should53. We have never known him ______ his temper before.A. to loseB. loseC. to losingD. losing54. Concerns about the falling standard of English (and the resultant lack of competitiveness), the unemployment rate of the ethnic Malays who are largely monolingual and the continued segregation of the races prompted the then Minister of Education, Musa Mohamed, ______ that beginning from January 2003 a Malay-English mixed-medium education would be implemented in national schools.A. declaringB. to declareC. declareD. having declared55. I’d rather you ______ to the library now.A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone56. After my speech, I heard a ______ of cough from the corner of the auditorium.A. displayB. pealC. fitD. slice57. “Efforts to strengthen human rights include providing access to government services for linguistic minorities and education in Kazakh and other minority languages. ” This sentence pattern belongs to _______.A. SVOCB. SVOAC. SVOD. SVC58. Being lost in the woods, Thomson was at his ______.A. wit’s endB. wits’ endsC. wits’ endD. wit’s ends59. Mr. Lambert, _____we have made rapid progress in physics, is one of the best teachers in our school.A. whose helpB. of whomC. with whose helpD. with who60. This revealed two generalizations that serve to correct linguicentrism, the tendency to assume language is central. What is the relationship between “linguicentrism” and “tendency” in the sentence?A. no relationB. attributiveC. appositionD. adverbial?61. The woman with strong ambition was finally unsuccessful, ______?A. was the womanB. wasn’t the womanC. was sheD. wasn’t she62. He is about to take the floor ______ language management, which is holding the attention of many experts in the world.A. esteemingB. evadingC. retardingD. respecting63. People hate ______ queues everywhere.A. there to beB. there beingC. there beD. there is64. Finally, we sketched language services (translation and interpreting), the rapid recent expansion of which attests the slowness with which other more permanent language management activities achieve worthwhile results. The underlined word “which” refers to ______.A. language servicesB. slownessC. language management activitiesD. expansion65. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so due to the fact that was very late.A. had meantB. meantC. have meantD. mean66. He is ______ than his brother.A. more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more sportsman enoughD. more enough of a sportsman67. “A language community as Hockett (1958) for instance used the term might be the English-speaking world, the complexity of which we realize since Kachru (1986) identified the many varieties which constitute World English, or the Francophone world (although francophonie is more a political than a linguistic concept), or at the other extreme, the last remaining speakers of a dying language.” ______ are in the parallel in grammar in this above sentence？A. the English-speaking world; the complexity; the Francophone world and at the other extremeB. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and at the other extremeC. the English-speaking world; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying languageD. World English; the Francophone world and the last remaining speakers of a dying language68. Law and order ______ different things to people with different political opinions.A. meantB. meansC. meanD. have meant69. He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good student for ______.A. all thisB. all thoseC. all thatD. all these70. The criminal even threatened ______ the president.A. murderingB. to murderC. to murderingD. murderII.Point out the sentence types of the following, and then enlarge and complicate these sentences without changing their sentence types, and finally underline the original sentence elements. There are five sentences in all, each of which is worth four points. (20 points) Eg. The governments shall take measures. →SVO: For the sake of popularizing Putonghua and the standardized Chinese characters, the governments at various levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures.1. The survival of a forest depends on rainfall.2. The deed tarnished his reputation.3. Any effort would require the applicant to prepare.4. Immigrant advocates say the Deferred Action has worked well.5. A school is a school.III. Translate from Chinese to English. (30 points)我冒了严寒，回到相隔二千余里，别了二十余年的故乡去。

考研英语二语法知识点研究生入学英语二考试是一项较有影响力的考试,那么英语二有哪些语法知识点呢?接下来店铺为你整理了考研英语二语法知识点，一起来看看吧。

考研英语二语法知识点：谓语谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。

1表状态用系动词：Life is full of ups and downs.Life is hope and hope is life.2表动作用及物或不及物动词：Many hands make light work.I came I saw I conquered.3表拥有：人或物时用：have has无生命的东西：there beEvery dog has its day.In a full heart,there is room for everything.4情态动词+动词原形：A man may die,nations may fall,but an idea lives on.考研英语二语法知识点：宾语宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的对象。

常做宾语的有名词、宾语从句、复合结构、V-ing、To do五种。

1名词：Reading enriches our mind.Haste makes waste.2宾语从句：Goals determine what you are going to be.Temptation discovers what we are.3复合结构：If you lack confidence you will find it hard to win.4 V-ing:You are never a loser until you quit trying.Reading is like opening a window to the outside world.5 To do:Winners expect to win in advance.One should learn to forgive.考研英语二语法知识点：表语表语：接在系动词后，补充说明主语的情况又称为主语补足语。

【考研英语辅导班】考研英语语法之否定句得英语者得考研，想超越80分，关注启道英语考研辅导班。

全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

对于很多考生来说，考研英语是一门比较难的科目，很多同学为了取得更好的分数都会选择报考研英语辅导班!那么多的考研英语辅导班那，究竟哪个考研英语辅导班比较好呢?哪个才是适合自己的呢？小编只推荐启道考研英语辅导班.在这里，不需要每天不停的刷阅读，刷阅读，刷阅读。

更不需要毫无目标的做真题，做真题，做真题。

掌握有效的学习方法，完成事半功倍的学习效率。

对于大部分考研的学生来说，英语中最难的莫过于记单词。

单词不仅量大，还经常出现记不住或者单词混淆的状态。

但是在记单词时对大脑皮层的刺激是有助于使脑细胞的突触连结数目的增加，所以，我们的记忆力就是以大批脑细胞突触连结的产生而形成的。

重要的是，保持我们的大脑处于受刺激兴奋状态。

只要有可能，就应尽一切努力为单词的记忆保持和回忆创造必要的条件，从而提高单词的记忆效率。

考研英语语法是将词汇与文章大意搭连在一起的一座桥梁，掌握了语法，就相当于打通了英语学习的任督二脉。

英语的否定结构是英语语法中较常见又容易被忽视的一个知识点。

但是，由于中英文的区别，许多考生对于否定结构还存在着困惑。

因此，启道小编这次带你们吃透否定结构。

由于英汉两种语言在表达方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有很大不同。

有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又往往变成否定形式。