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优等生的秘诀1根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。
2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个基本原则。
首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。
他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。
换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。
另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。
有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。
而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。
所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。
有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。
尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。
3 学生还必须学会有条理。
举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。
他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。
还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。
优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。
4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。
他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。
能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。
成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。
有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。
这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。
她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。
相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。
全新版大学英语综合教程1 （第二版）课后答案+课文翻译Unit 1 Growing UpPart II Language FocusVocabularyⅠ1）、1. respectable 2.agony 3.put…down 4.sequence 5.hold back 6. distribute 7. off and on 8.vivid 9. associate 10.finally 11.turn in 12.tackle2）、1. has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.2. was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.3. a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time.4. gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5. buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out.3）、1. reputation, rigid, to inspire2. and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas3. compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold backⅡ. 1posed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary5.recall 6mand 7.was violating 8.anticipateⅢ.1.at2.for3.of4.with5.as6.about7.to8.in, in9.from 10.on/upon Comprehensive ExercisesⅠ. Cloze1. 1. hold back2. tedious3.scanned4.recall5. vivid6. off and on7.turn out/in8.career2.1. last2.surprise3.pulled4. blowing5. dressed6. scene7. extraordinary8. image9. turn 10. excitementⅡ. Translation1.1. As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2. His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3. Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4. It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5. It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again.One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girlbecame a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit2I. Vocabulary1.. 1) absolutely 2) available 3) every now and then 4) are urging/ urged5) destination 6) mostly 7) hangs out 8) right away9) reunion 10) or something 11) estimate 12) going ahead2. Rewriting1) It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.2) He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.3) She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.4) Something has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time.5) The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.3. Complete the sentences.1) were postponed the awful is estimated2) reference not available an kind of3) not much of a teacher skips go aheadII. Collocation1. to2. for3.at4.from5.in6.to on7.on8. withIII. Usage1. more or less2.kind of/ sort of3. something4. kind of/ sort of5.more or less6.or somethingComprehensive exercisesI. Cloze1. text-related1) choked up 2) awful 3) practically 4) neighborhood5) correspondence 6) available 7 destination 8) reunion 9) Mostly10) postponing 11) absolutely2. Theme-related1) how 2) savings 3) embarrassment 4)phone5) interrupted6) touch 7) envelop 8) signed 9) message 10) neededII. Translation1. Translate the sentences.1) Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walkhome.2) Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3) Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4) He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5) Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.2. Translate the passage.It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away. This is true in my case.It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there. I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.Unit 3I Vocabulary11) brief 2) in terms of 3) cut off 4) tend5) anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8) initiative9) convey 10) in two minds 11) concept 12) grasp21) has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers’responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.31)lies in contact between2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment3)the steady will be highlyII Word Formation1 regained2 undecided3 undersupplied4 disabled5 precondition6 foresight7 mispronounced8 enrichIIIAntonyms1) majority 2) accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses5) local 6) late 7)wrong 8)falseComprehensive exercisesI Close1.Text-related1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure2. Theme-related1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10) SomedayII Translation1) As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2) Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3) As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4) The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5) To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life. The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated. However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4Vocabulary1) wreck 2) balance 3) approaching 4) handle5) discard 6) Above all 7) diet 8) do with9) checked on 10) cleaned up 11) weekly 12) principles2.1) to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2) was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3) for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4) express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5) will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1) for sale hunting for be amazed by2) become skilled handle their loans3)character by calling on he passed awayII Confusable words1. 1) personal 2) personnel2. 1) sometime 2) Sometimes 3)some time 4) sometimeIII Euphemismde hcgabfComprehensive ExercisesI Close1. Text-related1)sponsored 2)determination 3) turned away 4) assumed 5) capacity6)skilled 7)loan 8) character 9) hunting 10) for sale 11) send for2. Theme-related1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4) grow 5) dream6) immigrants 7)business 8) engineering 9)invest 10) richIII Translation1) It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2) Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3) Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4) I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5) Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking about hisamazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5VocabularyI.11) monthly 2) acquaintances 3)classic 4) look; in the eye 5)manufactured 6) options 7)finance 8) replacement 9) survived 10) pick out 11) married 12) grabbed at2.1) survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2) almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3) of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4) several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5) straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1) inquiry; died of hunger; people survied 2) Instantly; give up his; retire; replace him; executive 3) his beloved; odd jobs; and all thatII Word Formation1.embarrassment2. survivors3. newly4. marketable5. monthly6. competition7. conceivable8.respectableIII. Usage1. the poor2. The deceased/The dead 3 . the disabled 4. the French5. The accused6. the young7. the unemployed8. the latter…the former…Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1) died of 2) instantly 3) classic 4)ask around 5) surviving6) retire 7)executive 8) replacement 9)stock 10) look…in the eye2. Theme-related1)impressed 2) diligence 3) Instead 4) Contrary 5) professionally6) perform 7) personal 8) balance 9) commitment 10) revealedII. Translation1.1) I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2) Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3) Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4) As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5) We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm. He works six days a week. Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights. However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family. On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares forus as much as he can. To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6 HomeworkVocabularyⅠ1.1.Fertile2.Reflected3.Overseas4.Slim5.Split6.Sustained7.Glow 8.Thrust 9.Keen 10.Bud 11.Previous 12.Whichever2.1) The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2) Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3) A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4) I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martin come in.5) The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1) to broaden; make their way2) disgusts; take a chance on3) the grand; and overseas; reflectedⅡ1. 1) frightened 2) afraid/ frightened2. 1) alike/similar 2) similar3. 1) alive 2) living4. 1) sleeping 2) asleepⅢ1) disappointed 2) disappointment 3) disappointing4) disappoint 5) disappointingly 6) disappointing2. 1) attractive 2) attract 3) attraction4) attractively 5) unattractively 6) unattractiveComprehension ExercisesⅠClozeText-related1）Identifying 2) gripped 3) margins 4)corresponding 5) overseas6) little 7)hesitate 8)grateful 9) made my way 10) going my way2. Theme-related1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4) another 5) threw6) deliberately 7) reasoned 8) himself 9) restaurant 10) matterⅡTranslation1) Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you (for it).At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others. Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study. From then on he sent them money regularly. Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas.Unit 7Content QuestionsPair Work1. He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.2. Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3. He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4. She wanted to get more pineapple.5. He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6. It shows he is clever and sly. He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7. They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8. The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9. Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10. Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate and delivered a baby whale.11. Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12. Towan hid his orange underneath his foot. The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.Text Organization1. Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2. Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly. Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement1. (1) controversy (2) consciousness (3) explore (4) serves their own purposes (5) encounter (6) lack of it (7) convinced (8) mental feats (9) captivity (10) humans Language FocusI. Vocabulary1. 1) go (very) far 2) has expanded 3) in the interest(s) of 4) only to5) encountered 6) has cooperated 7) assessed 8) (had) switched9) horizons 10) gaze 11) disaster 12) wiped out2. 1) …a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not2) …felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly3) ... suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay4) …is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5) …give in until they give her a pay rise3. 1) have undertaken, original, to explore2) evidence convinced, underneath, extending to3) to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, exploreII. Confusable Words1. firstly2. first, first3. At first4. First/Firstly5. first6. First7. at first8. firstIII. Usage1. animal intelligence whose2. zoo keeper where3. eye contact through what4. money supply of what5. killer whale what kind6. baby whale how old7. family member of what8. sea turtle what kind/whereComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. (1) emergency (2) evidence (3) original (4) sizing up(5) negotiates (6) reveal (7) make a deal (8) dominant(9) in their interest(s) (10) deceiving (11) controversy(12) judgment (13) explore2. (1) protect (2) However (3) type (4) situation (5) sights(6) together (7) rang (8) associate (9) without (10) environmentII. Translation1. 1) A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2) Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3) We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4) My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition5) Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.2. When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill. Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended. Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!Unit8Pair work1. She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation.2. Children can’t spell correctly; their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent3. He didn’t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A. He preferreda less intellectually challenging life.4. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5. To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers.6. He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7. They can’t read or write. They place their hopes on their children.8. He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9. Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10. Americans stop demanding good education foe children. Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done. America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11. Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12. He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own1.Part one paras.1-10Teenagers’idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part oneTeenagers’intellectual laziness and ignorancePart twoKevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancementIndifference (1) Summed up (2) Preferred (3) Financial（4）Accumulated （5）Intellectual（6）Affect（7）Industrial 8）Idle（9）Break down （10）VocabularyI1.1. industrial2. idle3. is functioning4. intellectual5. scared6. handful7. luxury8. private9.work up 10.slice 11.miracle 12.was jammed2.1. to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。
大学英语综合教程3课文翻译第一课：生活中的困扰原文：Living With RegretRegrets. We all have them. They can range from minor inconsiderate acts to major life-changing decisions. But no matter the scale, regrets serve as a constant reminder of our past mistakes and missed opportunities.Regrets often stem from our desires to change the past. We wish we had made different choices or taken different paths. We dwell on what could have been, rather than accepting what is. This obsession with the past can hinder our ability to live in the present and enjoy the opportunities that await us.Living with regret can be a heavy burden to carry. It weighs us down emotionally and mentally. We constantly replay the past in our minds, seeking to find a different outcome and trying to understand how things could have been different. This constant rumination can lead to feelings of guilt, sadness, and even depression.Regret can also have a negative impact on our relationships. If we are constantly dwelling on past mistakes, it can prevent us from fully engaging with others in the present. We may be hesitant to form new relationships or trust others, fearing thatwe will make the same mistakes again. This fear and hesitancy can limit our social connections and prevent us from experiencing the joys of deep and meaningful relationships.So how do we break free from the grip of regret? It starts with acceptance. Accepting that we cannot change the past, no matter how much we wish we could. We must forgive ourselves for our mistakes and learn from them. It is through learning and growth that we can move forward and create a better future.In addition to acceptance, it is important to focus on the present moment. By practicing mindfulness and being fully present in our daily lives, we can let go of the past and embrace the opportunities that come our way. Life is constantly changing, and if we are too focused on what has already happened, we may miss out on the beauty of what is happening right now.Regrets are a natural part of life, but they do not have to consume us. By accepting the past, focusing on the present, and learning from our mistakes, we can live a life free from the burden of regret.翻译：带着遗憾生活遗憾，我们都有。
综合英语一课后答案自考英语大专学历综合英语一课后答案第一课：一、written workTime is important .Everyone has 24 hours in a day ,and 365 days in a year. Once a day runs out in our life,it will never come back again.If we love our lives,we shouldn't waste time.we must control time.The best way to use time is to plan it well.When making the study plan,we should remember twothings .First ,be realistic.Don't try to do too many things .Second ,a good study plan should be flexible .We may make some small changes,but follow the same pattern.Let's be the master of time ,start our plan now.二、1、I have run out of food ,I must go to buy some.2,You have said so ,you should put them into practice .3.It takes at least two hours to get there by bus.4.Although we failes,at least we tried our best .5.you speak louder so that everyone can hear you.6.How long has it taken you to write that article?7.You seem to be very sad .Tell us what has happened so that we mayhelp you.8.We should keep our classroom clean.9.We may asd Xiao Wang to help us ,he seems to have a lot of time.10.My brother will come to Beijing next week. he must make good use of time to stay here.三、用本课的动词句型1。
第六单元TEXT令人愉悦的村庄加里克村庄位于河口处，被丛林和田野包围着，它是一方令人愉悦而尚未被破坏的净土。
然而它离哈博里古城乘车只需一小会儿，在那儿工业厂房林立，交通拥挤。
村庄周围绿意浓浓，你真的不敢相信，放眼望去，是一片肥沃的土地，有着橄榄树丛和高大的树木。
一条宽阔而又清澈的河流从村庄中间淌过，靠在岸边的是一排排的渔船。
河流的上游又宽又浅，那儿是各种鸟类和其它野生动物的家园，顺着河畔走走，你可以瞥见胆怯的野鸭在灌木丛中向外窥望。
如果你喜爱大自然，花上不到一个小时的时间沿乡村小路走到凯丽莫湖，你会觉得美不胜收，不虚此行。
这个大内陆湖是游泳的好地方。
据说垂钓别有一番滋味，虽然我未曾亲身体验过。
广场坐落在村庄的中心，与加里克的许多路一样，广场并没铺砌砖石，但经过几个世纪的人来人往已踩得它坚如磐石。
两棵霜皮银白的大树高高俯视着广场，春天的时候树上满是正在筑巢的鸟儿们，一派喧闹。
两棵树的中间是一尊雕像和一眼喷泉。
广场四周是些便宜的饭店，几家酒吧和一些小商店。
广场的正中间是一位老妇人开的一家小店，出售各种各样的货物，小至糖果，大至汗衫。
不论当地人还是游客们都喜欢在酒吧中持一杯酒消磨时间，呆看闲事。
从村庄广场出发，沿着一条土路，穿过大树林，要不了几分钟，便可来到河滩。
这儿有一片竹林和几棵绿树，脚下是一望无际的浅黄沙滩，很是壮丽。
河滩上只有一家酒吧，供应简单的午饭和饮料。
当地人大多是农民或渔民，虽然许多人在自己的地产上建起了越来越多的房屋，在夏季时出租给游客供一宵住宿，一顿早餐。
然而，到目前为止，村庄里还没有大的宾馆，这样也就避免了大规模旅游业带来的影响，村庄也就保留下了它独有的魅力和特色。
如果你想寻找一处安静、详和而又优美的田园风光，加里克是个好去处——趁着大家还不知道它！(高全孝译，张校勤校)READ MORE迷人的村庄欢迎你如果你想看一座真正美丽又尚未被人为破坏的小村庄，你绝对不该错过哈特福特的。
一进入这个村庄，首先看到的是一个池塘，池塘旁边是古老的圣玛丽教堂。
Book1 课后习题Unit1 Never Say GoodbyeI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home.2. …they all have one thing in common: sadness.3. …in that place in your heart where summer is an always time.4. Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word.5. Take that special hello and lock it away within you.II. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.1. SHUDDER SHAKEa. Seeing the referee drawing out the yellow card, the coach began —————————his fist in rage.b. She —————————at the touch of his leathery hand.c. The tree branches were ————————in that sudden gust of wind.d. He ————————breathlessly in the doorway until his pursuers had raced past.2.ANSWER REPLYa. He had hoped that divorce would be the ——————to all his problems.b. We are still waiting for him to ———————to our requests for further assistance.c. In ———————to his suggestions, they have decided to consult him for more details.d. He ————————his critics by claiming that he was responding to the new needs of globalization.3. COMMON GENERALa. The ————————impression we got was that they were not interested in the new project.b. It was claimed in the newly published report that higher education, in ————————, is financially in trouble.c. It may be said that good health is a ————————condition, and that occasional sickness is ——————.d. AIDS is becoming the most ————————cause of death among drug addicts.4. SMALL TINYa. A ————————house would do perfectly for the two of them.b. “Get back on board!”I shouted as his ————————figure struggled up the river bank.c. Displayed at the exhibition were some ————————toy soldiers that were beautifully carved.d. The visitor was a ————————man who would give every appearance of self-importance.III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1. She suffered great mental ———————after her husband died, and as a result she became mad.A. angerB. discomfortC. UnhappinessD. anguish2. She offered me some food that had a ————————taste.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. Concrete3. Building the proposed underground railway may ————————much more than the government could pay.A. spendB. costC. takeD. Waste4. Realizing the immense international pressure, the President ————————stepped down.A. conspicuouslyB. gracefullyC. lonelyD. truly5. The audience whistled and shouted, waiting for her to sing one ————————song.A. lastB. finalC. endingD. concluding6. During the war, all the women were left unloved, exhausted, impoverished and ———————.A. aloneB. hoarseC. graveD. lonely7. He was put into prison, but he never ———————, and continued his fight from behind the bars.A. gave upB. give inC. stoppedD. retreated8. His high school report ————————that he was brilliant in all science subjects.A. believedB. noticedC. notedD. decidedIV. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.lock away summon instead stare whisper give in evilconfront with well up gently brief pull1.The minister didn’t make any comments on their own human rights problems; he said————————that we were to do more on this issue.2. ————the sight of the poor, the sick and the unemployed, the government had no way out but to decide to reform.3. Take good care to————————your jewelry before going away on holiday.4. Strong feelings————————within them.5. He tried to————————from his memory what he knew of his former neighbor.6. The Secretary of State said that the war was going to be————————but decisive.7. I looked hard at him, while he————————dully back at me.8. A voice seemed to be————————in her mind, telling her to be brave.9. If a man speaks or acts with a(n) ————————thought, pain follows him.10. If you always————————to others you will end up feeling depressed.V. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the bracket.Example: The bloodstain on her dress was very —————————.( NOTICE )Answer: The bloodstain on her dress was very noticeable.1. Nobody wanted to live in the————————part of the town. ( INDUSTRY )2. The police asked him to give a————————of the suitcase he had lost. ( DESCRIBE )3. He had no————————that he was being watched.( SUSPECT )4. This is Alexandra, my personal———————— .(ASSIST)5. Although some of my work-mates quickly found new jobs after the factory closed down, my brother and I were————————for several months. (EMPLOY)6. Although I was positive that the girl had stolen my ring, I could not find any————————.（PROVE）7,With very high scores in the entrance ----------,he succeeded in entering the world famous university( examine)8,Completely exhausted and utterly staved after a long days march,the soldiers could hardly walk any----------(far)Translation exercises1. 他为这次面试中可能面对的问题准备好了答案。
Lesson One Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at SchoolWord Listattend vt. 上（学）junior high school （美）初级中学senior high school （美）高级中学facility n. （常用复数）设备，设施grateful adj. 感激的，表示感激的matter v. 要紧，有关系terribly adv. （口）非常，很narrow adj. （程度、范围等）有局限的purchase n. 购买spelling n. 拼写fundamental n. （常用复数）基础；基本原理pretty adv. 相当，很planet n. 行星regularly adv. 经常experience v. 经历，体验aha int. 啊哈（表示惊奇或得意）pick v. 挑选，选择Greek adj. 希腊的philosopher n. 哲学家interest v. 使......感兴趣key adj. 主要的，极重要的rapidly adv. 快地，迅速地continue v. 继续（不断）throughout prep. 贯穿；遍及trap v. 使受限制；被圈在wonder n. 奇迹；奇物；奇事sadly adv. 可惜；说来遗憾stupid adj. 愚蠢的，笨的apparently adv. 表面上地；显然地naive adj. 天真的，幼稚的inquiry n. 问题；疑问deep adj. 深奥的gateway n. 途径；方法insight n. 深刻见解patience n. 耐心；耐性confine v. 限制；使局限schoolwork n. 学校作业，课堂作业prospect n. 将要发生的事ridicule n. 嘲笑，嘲弄suppress v. 禁止披露；隐瞒deadened adj. 变得死一般的；麻木的，漠不关心的remark n. 话语；谈论perspective n. （观察问题的）视角；观点enrich v. 充实；使丰富incomplete adj. 不完全的，不完整的correction n. 改正；纠正embarrassment n. 使人为难的事；障碍atmosphere n. （包围地球的）大气层implication n. 含义；暗示abandon v. 放弃；抛弃concentrate v. 集中；全神贯注untouched adj. 未被论及的；未提及的homage n. 尊敬，敬意graduate n. （美）毕业生relativity 相关性；相对论enjoyment n. 愉快，乐趣connect v. 联系；连接restrict v. 限定；限制western adj. 西方国家的；欧美国家的compassion n. 同情；怜悯extraordinarily adv. 特别地；不平常地selfish adj. 自私的hollowness n. 空洞；无趣，寂寞loneliness n. 孤独；寂寞mutual adj. 相互的，彼此的tenderness n. 温情；慈爱encouragement n. 鼓励grow v. 增长jointly adv. 联合地，共同地Proper NamesCarl Sagan 卡尔。
萨根Socrates 苏格拉底Copernicus 哥白尼New Jersey 新泽西州Newton 牛顿Darwin 达尔文Freud 弗洛伊德Einstein 爱因斯坦Useful Expressionsin some respects 在某些方面(not) matter what/how, etc. ......（没）有关系get trapped 被困，陷于lead to 导致leave...untouched 没有提及过；没有动过far from 并非，并不是be restricted to 仅限于be capable of 有能力take delight in 乐于，嗜好provide...for... 为......提供......Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at School1.I attended junior and senior high school, public institution in New York and New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago.The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.Since then, i've learned a great deal. One of the most important thing i've learned is how much there is to learn,and how much I don't yet know. Sometimes I think how grateful i would be today if I had learned moreback then about what really matter. In some respects educations is terribly narrow; the only thing I ever learned in school about Napoleons was that the United States made a Louisianna Purchase from him (On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.) In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of math,and other vital subjects, my teachers did a pretty good job.But there's no much else I wish they'd taught us.2.Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified.It seems to me there are many things (often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts) that the schools should teach ——things that truly would be useful in later life, useful in making a stronger country and a better world, but useful also in making people happier. Human beings enjoy learning. That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet. Every student should regulary experience the "Aha!"——when something you never understood, or something you never knew was mystery becomes clear.3.So here's my list:Pick a difficult thing and learn it well4.The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest of human joys, and it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects, make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in its broader human context. After you teach yourself one subject, you become much more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. You gradually find you've acquired a key skill. The world is changing so rapidly that you must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. But don't get trapped by the first subject that interests you, or the first thing you find yourself good at. The world is full of wonders, and some of them we don't discover until we're all grow up. Most of them. sadly , wenever discover.Don't be afraid to ask "stupid" questions.5.Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the Sun is round, or why we need 55.000 nuclear weapons in the world ——are really deep questions. The answers can be a gateway to real insights. It's also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you don't know, and asking questions is the way. To ask "stupid" questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer. And don't confine your learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends. It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadenedto the world around you.Listen carefully.6.Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. When people are talking, don't spend the time thinking about what you're going to say next. Instead, try to understand what they're saying, what experience is behind their remarks, what you can learn from or about them. Older people have grown up in a world very different from yours, one you may not know very well. They. and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important perspectives that can enrich your life.Everybody makes mistakes7.Everybody's understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction, and learn to correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.Know your planet8.It's the only one we have. Learn how it works. We're changing theatmosphere, the surface, the waters of the Earth, often for some short-term advantage when the long-term implications are unknow. The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we're going. If we don't understand the issues, we abandon the future.Science and technology.9.You can't know your planet unless you know something about science and technology. School science courses, I remember, concentrated on the unimportant parts of science, leaving the major insights almost untouched. The great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example, Copernicus showed that ——far frombeing the center of the universe, about which the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars revolved in clockwise homage——the Earth is just one of many small worlds. This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure, but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. Every high school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus, Newton, Darwin, Freud, and Einstein. (Einstein's special theory of relativity, far from being obscure and exceptionally difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algebra, and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and downstream.)Don't spend your life watching TV.10.You know what I'm Talking about.Culture.11.Gain some exposure to the great works of liturature, art and music. If sucha work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it. Like all deep experiences, it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort, your life has changed; you've acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your days. In a world as tightly connected as ours is, don't restrictyour attention to American or western culture. Learn how and what people elsewhere think. Learn something of their history, their religion, their viewpoints.Compassion12.Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily selfish time. But there is a hollowness, a loneliness that comes from living only for yourself. Humans are capable of great mutual compassion, love and tenderness. These feelings, however, need encouragement to grow.13.Look at the delight a one-or two- year old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn. Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.Lesson Two IconsWord Listcultural adj. 文化（上的）；人文的icon n. 偶像，崇拜对象heroine n. 女英雄；被崇拜的女人celebrated adj. 著名的，远近驰名的glamour n. 魅力，诱惑力achievement n. 成就，成绩moral adj. 精神上的；道义上的pollster n. 民意调查人shape v. 塑造celebrity n. 名人，名流fashion n. 时装athlete n. 运动员comic adj. 逗笑的；喜剧的comic book/strip 连环画media n. （复）宣传工具，新闻媒介distinguish v. 有别于；使显著self-sacrifice n. 自我牺牲benefit n. 益处，好处consciousness n. 意识，观念；觉悟heroism n. 英雄行为；英雄品质artifact n. 典型产物maintain v. （正式）认为，主张unheroic adj. 非英雄的；不英勇的overall adj. 总的growing adj. 发展的，扩大的economy n. 经济consequently adv. 所以，因此bereft (of ) adj. 缺少……的；失去……的latch v. （口）得到personality n. 名人transcend v. 超越……的界限legendary adj. 传说（中）的；传奇（式）的mythic adj. （=mythical）神话的；只存在于神话中的renounce v. 声明放弃throne n. 王位indefinable adj. 难以确切表达的；模糊不清的charisma n. （能吸引效忠的）领袖气质；神秘的个人魅力notable adj. 有名的achiever n. 成功者accomplishment 成就evident adj. 明显的publicize v. 宣扬；广为宣传Gallup poll （美）盖普洛民意测验distinction n. 荣誉current adj. 现任的；目前的trademark n. 商标big adj. 伟大的；名气大的inspire v. （在……心中）激起hero-worship n. 崇拜英雄rise n. 出现photography n. 摄影moving picture 电影previously adv. 以前；先前reproduction n. 再现focus n. 焦点accelerate v. 加速leader n. 领导；领袖inventor n. 发明家professional n. 专家，内行人personally adv. 亲自地proof n. 证据misleading adj. 骗人的；使人产生误解的recognition n. 赞誉；认可somebody n. 重要人物wit n. 才智eloquence n. 口才；雄辩brilliance n. 卓越，杰出coordinator n. 策化者scheduled adj. 预先安排的；定期的host n. 节目主持人original adj. 有独到见解的；有独创性的disastrous adj. 灾难性的；极坏的rating n. 广播或电视节目收视（听）率nightmare n. 噩梦；（在噩梦中可能看到的）可怕的事物insincere adj. 不真诚的hesitancy n. 犹豫不决，踌躇stupidity n. 愚蠢countryman n. 同胞Proper NamesGary Soshgarian 加里•高西加理安Donna Woolfolk Cross 唐娜•伍尔福克•克罗斯George Washington 乔治•华盛顿（美国第一位总统）Abraham Lincoln 林肯（美国第十六位总统）Daniel Boone 丹尼尔•布恩Martin Luther King Jr. 马丁•路德•金Amelia Earhart 艾米莉亚•埃尔哈特Susan B. Anthony 苏珊•B•安东尼Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 杰奎琳•肯尼迪•奥纳西斯Helen Keller 海伦•凯勒Elizabeth Cady Stanton 伊丽莎白•卡迪•斯坦顿Rosa Parks 罗莎•帕克斯J. P. Morgan J•P•摩根E. H. Harriman E•H•哈里曼Jay Gould 杰•古尔德Thomas Edison 托马斯•爱迪生Mark Twain 马克•吐温Nancy Reagan 南希•里根Carter 卡特Rosalynn 罗莎琳Daniel Boorstin 丹尼尔•布尔斯廷Jonas Salk 乔纳斯•索尔克Eleanor Roosevelt 埃莉诺•罗斯福Telly Savalas 特莉•萨瓦拉斯Suzanne Somers 苏珊娜•萨默斯Graig Tennis 格瑞格•泰尼斯Johnny Carson 约翰尼•卡森Hollywood 好莱坞Useful Expressionsdistinguished (from…)by…因……有别于（……）measure…against…对照……评价……be known for 以……著称go to sb./sth. 授予，被……赢得pass through 经过turn …into 把……变成comment on/upon 评论shift from…to 从……转为look like 看似show up 出现fill…with 使……充满come to realize 认识到Lesson two IconsHeros and Cultural IconsGray GoshgarianIf you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroines, you would probably name some or all of the following : George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Daniel Boone, Martin Luther King Jr., Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Helen Keller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rosa Parks. If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entirely different list. You might, in fact, name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour rather than their achievements and moral strength of character. And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their “Most Admired” list, but rather movie and television celebrities, fashion models, professional athletes, and even comic book and cartoon characters. In short media icons.By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most oftern for the benefit of others---then are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation’s consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us---an artifact of the past. Some maintain that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially and unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, andadvances continue to be made in medical science. Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons—media superstars such as actors, actresses, sports celebrities, television personalities, and people who are simply famous for being famous.Cultural icons are harder to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That’s hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, bore a king, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death---such as Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.Being SomebodyDonna Woolfolk CrossOne hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved. Men like J.P. Morgan, E.H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achievers. So were Thomas Edison, Mark Twain, and Susan B. Anthony.Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day. Today’s celebrities, however, often do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media.In 1981, a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the nation’s “most admired woman”. The year before, that distinction went to president Carter’s wife, Rosalynn. In fact, the wife of the current president is always one of the nation’s most admired women. Today’s celebrities, as the writer Daniel Boorstin says, are “people well ?known for their well-knownness.”To become such a celebrity, one needs luck, not accomplishment. As Boorstin says, “The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by hisimage or trademark. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name.”There is another distinction: heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy. Few of us believe we could be another Jonas Salk or Eleanor Roosevelt, but we could be another TV star like Telly Savalas or Suzanne Somers. Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like us.The shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship occurred around the turn of the century. It was closely tied to the rise of new forms of media—first photography, and later moving pictures, radio and television. For the first time, Americans could see and recognize their heroes. Previously, men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures. Between 1901 and 1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders, inventors, professionals and businessmen. After 1922, however, most articles were about movie stars.With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table. We came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know personally. Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it ” in America. Actually, the term ”talk show” is misleading. Celebrities do not appear on such a program because of an actual desire---or ability---to talk, but simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up, that they are “somebody.”Being a guest on a talk show does not require qualities of wit, eloquence, brilliance, insight, or intelligence. A former talent coordinator for “the Tonight Show”, says that when he would ask a scheduled guest, “What would you like to talk to the host about?” the reply he got often was, “Have him ask me anything.”This , he says, usually meant. “I am a typical Hollywood actor, so I have never had an original thought and I have nothing to say of any interest to anyone anywhere.”Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound. One talk show coordinator comments. “we look for the guest who is sure to talk no matter what. Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television; thirty seconds is disastrous. A guest who’s got to stop to think about everything he says before the opens his mouth is a ratings nightmare.”This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stupidity.“we wouldn’t have used George Washington on our show. ” says one talent coordinator. “he might have been first in the hearts of his countrymen, but today he’d be dragging his bottom in the ratings.”Lesson Three Go-Go AmericansWord Listexplore vt. 探索；探险element n. 要素；因素tangible adj. 有实体的；可触摸到的budget v. 安排，计划（时间等）account vi. 解释，说明commodity n. 商品acute adj. 敏感的hourglass n. 滴漏；更漏（一种旧式计时器）replace vt. 重置；更换count vi. 有价值；有用restlessly adv. 焦躁不安的elbow vt. 以肘推；挤race vi. 赶紧，加速abrupt adj. 突然的resent vt. 怨恨，憎恶priority n. 优先；优先考虑的事fuse n. 导火线；保险丝slip vi. 悄悄地溜走terms n. （复）措辞adjustment n. 调整ritual adj. 礼节性的socialize vi. 参加社交活动socializing n. 交往，交际leisurely adj. 悠闲的normally adv. 通常assess vt. 评估rapport n. 亲善；和谐performance n. 业绩；表现colleague n. 同事probe vi. 探求professionally adv. 职业上；专业上socially adv. 社交上segment n. 部分engagement n. 约会calendar n. 日程表；日历interval n. 间隔；停顿heel n. （足）跟；末尾tick vi. 滴答作响inner adj. 内部的，里面的device n. 装置telex n. 电传memo n. （口）备忘录（=memorandum）gathering n. 聚会impersonality n. 没有人与人的接触electronic adj. 电子的communication n. 通讯conduct vt. 实施；进行teleconference n. （通过电话、电视等的）电讯会议satellite n. 卫星internationally adv. 在国际上uncertain adj. 不确定的postal adj. 邮政的efficient adj. 高效率的secretarial adj. 秘书的；有关秘书事务的soaring adj. 猛增的，剧增的confer vi. 商量；商议location n. 地方；场所elapse vi. （时间）溜走；（光阴）逝去insignificant adj. 无关紧要的；无意义的worthy adj. 有价值的passage n. （时间等的）消逝，推移competence n. 能力fulfill vt. 完成rapidity n. 快速capital n. 资金；资本Proper NamesAlison R. Lanier 艾莉森•R•拉尼尔Useful Expressionsmove ahead 进行，进展fall behind 落后account to …for 向••••••交待make room for 腾出地方take sth. seriously/personally 认真对待/认为是针对自己的attach importance to 重视in terms of 就••••••而言seek out 找到carry on 经营worthy of 值得Lesson3 Go Go AmericansAlison R. Lanier1.Americans believe no one stands still.If you are not moving ahead,you are falling behind.This attitude of time results in a nation of people committed to researching,experimenting and exploring.Time is one of the two elments Americans save carefully,the other being labor.2"We are slaves to nothing but the clock."it has been said.Time is trated as if it were something almost tangible.We budget it,save it,waste it,steal it,kill it,cut it,account for it, we also charge for it.It is a precious commodity. Many people have a rather accute sence of the shortness of each lifetime.Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass,they cannot be replaced.We want every minute to count.3.A foreigner's first impression to the U.S is likely to be that everyone is in a rush--often under pressure.City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going,restlessly seeking attention in a store,elbowing others as they try to complete their errands.Racing through daytime meals is considered precious.Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed.Each person hurries to make room for the next person.If you don't waiters will hurry you.4.You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you.You will miss smiles,brief conversations,small contacts with strangers.Don't take it personally.This is because people value time highly,and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain courtesy point.5.This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience.In the American system of values ,patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called" a short fuse." We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return——be this in terms of pleasure, work value,or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differenetly may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.6.Many newcomers to the states will miss the opening courtitesies of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a cafe or coffee house. Normally, Americans don't access their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.Rapport to us is less important then performance.We seek out evidence of past performance then evalute a business college through social courtesies. Since we generally acess and probe prefessionally rather than socially,we start talking business very quickly.7.Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars.These calendars m ay be be devided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes.We often give a person two or three(or more) segments of my calendar,but in the business world we almost always have other appointmentsfollowing hard on the heels of whatever we are doing now.Tim e is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.8.As a result we work hard at the task of saving time.We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rappidly through telexes, phone calls or memos rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant,take longer especially given our traffic-filled streets.We therefore save most personal visiting for after work hours or for social weekend gatherings.9.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the importance of the matter at hand,In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact,requiring face to face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person.However people are meeting increasingly on television screens,conducting "teleconferences" to setlle problems not only in this country but also——by satellite——internationally.An increasingly high percentage of normal business is being done these days by voice and electronic devide. Mail is slow and uncertain and is growing ever more expensive.10.The U.S. is defined a telephone country.Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social engagements, to say their"Thank you's." to shop and to obtaion all kinds ofinformations.Telephones save your feet and endless amounts of time.This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is good here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.Furmore , the costs of secretarial labor printing,and stamps are all soaring .The telephone is quick. We like it . We can do our business and get an answer in a matter of moments. Furthermore, several people can confer together without moving from their desks, even in widely scattered locations.In a big country that ,too ,is important.11.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly.Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant,not worthy of proper respect.Assighments are thus felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. In the U.S.,however itis taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem,or fullfill a job succesfully, with rapideity. Usually,the more important a task is, the more capital, energy,and attention will be poured into it in inorder to "get it moving."。
