Macroscopic energy---kinetic energy potential energy
They are related to some outside reference frame。
Kinetic energy is the energy a system possesses as a result of its motion relative to some reference frame. It is denoted as Eke.
移动 translation 分子动能 转动 rotation 振动 vibration 分子位能 binding forces
热力学能
化学能 chemical energy
核能 nuclear energy
(1)Kinetic and potential energies of the molecules
分子的动能和势能
Internal Energy=
internal kinetic energy+internal potential energy
热力学能=内动能+内位能
T
T, v
u is a function of the state of the system. u = u (p, T), or u = u (p, v), or u = u(v,T).
mc E U E ke E p U mgz 2
On a unit mass basis
2
1 2 e u eke e p u c gz 2
§2.2 Energy transfer by Heat, Work and Mass (热量、功量及质量引起的能量传递------传递中的能量)