健康环保类阅读—高考英语一轮复习材料分析练百题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
一、Human activity has shrunk the size of wild animals the world over, and yet recent research has found many mammals(哺乳动物) living near cities have become steadily larger, both in length and in weight.“That wasn’t what we expected to find at all,” says Robert Guralnick, who studies biodiversity informatics at the Florida Museum. Expanding urban environments grow much hotter than natural habitats, and warmer temperatures usually benefit mammals that have a smaller, more energy-saving figure--- a principle of biology known as Bergmann’s rule.As the world grows warmer, some scientists have worried that mammals living near cities are supposed to grow smaller, possibly reducing their fitness as a species and, no doubt, the fitness of being hunters, too. But even with climate change, that might not happen. As it turns out, there's another factor in determining a mammal's size that might compete with or even go beyond temperature, and that is food.In and around cities with large populations, where high-energy human foods are more widely available and hunters are fewer and farther. New research discovered that most of the mammal species appear to be growing in size, not shrinking. According to careful measurements of more than 100 species from North America, gathered from museum collections over the past 80 years, the main reason is not a city's temperature. Instead, the greatest increases in weight and body length appear to lie among those mammals that live near the most humans, regardless of how hot their surroundings are.As climate change grows worse, there is, of course, the possibility that that might change, but at least for now, it seems that wolves, deer, bats, and other mammals in North America could be affected more by city populations than city climates.If we want to preserve the mammals that exist today for the future, it’s important that we know how human civilization is shaping their size, behavior, and well-being. In a rapidly changing world, that knowledge could mean the difference between ongoing life and dying out.1.What finding does Robert Guralnick consider surprising?A.Urban environments are hotter than nature.B.The animals in natural habitats become smaller.C.Many mammals grow against Bergmann's rule.D.City temperatures cause animals to shrink in size2.Why do many mammals living near cities grow in size?A.They are well taken care of by zoo keepers.B.They have more foods and fewer threats.C.They are comfortable in warmer climates.D.They can easily hunt wild animals for food.3.What are we advised to do to protect the existing mammals?A.Provide healthy food to surrounding mammalsB.Limit the population in cities to a small number.C.Know how human civilization affects mammals.D.Help the mammals adjust to the changing climate.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Human Activity Has Shrunk the Size of AnimalsB.Global Warming Is Shaping the Future of MammalsC.Mammals in Nature Have a Better Chance to SurviveD.Many Mammals Living Near Cities Are Growing Bigger二、A unique curved(弯曲的)barrier has been designed by researchers at Imperial College London, who publish new findings in the journal Cities & Health on how the structure can protect people from the damaging effects of air pollution.The health concerns arising from lower air quality are more significant amongst lower-income communities which are more likely to be near roads with heavy traffic. Similarly, children are more readily exposed(接触)to air pollution simply because they live closer to the ground, where heavier pollutants settle over time.Dr Tilly Collins from Imperial's Centre for Environmental Policy found this issue particularly worrying, especially after noticing the severe pollution in the air while watching her child playing netball in a school playground alongside a busy London A-road. “l started researching the effect of walls along roads,”Dr Collins said. “It became evident that along the pedestrian(行人的)side of these roadside walls, there are vortexes(涡旋)where the air quality can actually be even worse as the pollutants get trapped in them.”Initially building off simple models, Dr Collins and Dr Huw Woodward, also from the Centre for Environmental Policy, explored ideas of urban design that would mitigate these vortex effects and improve air quality for pedestrians and especially children.Inspired by sound-walls alongside motorways in Germany and the Netherlands, there searchers found that curved structures would more effectively reflect pollutants back towards the roads and would very rapidly improve air quality for pedestrians in an inexpensive manner.When asked about the challenges faced during this project, Dr Collins said: “Initially, it was difficult to convince others to get on board. The focus is very much on successfully reducing smoke from cars, but there are things we can do now to protect our children.”“With increased attention being placed on the challenges associated with air pollution, there is a need for unique and effective urban design, and these curved barriers are able to handle these challenges head on, providing huge benefits to the general public," said Marcus Grant, editor in chief of Cities & Health .1.Why are children more likely to be victims of air pollution?A.They are shorter in height.B.They have bigger airways.C.They tend to breathe more slowly.D.They like playing near busy roads.2.What does the underlined word "mitigate" in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Monitor.B.Reduce.C.Predict.D.Explain.3.What do we know about the researchers’ design?A.It can reduce smoke from cars greatly.B.It can benefit urban traffic in some way.C.lt can limit pedestrians’ exposure to poor air.D.It can be used as sound-walls alongside motorways.4.What does Marcus Grant suggest about the project?A.It needs more attention from the public.B.It might come across many challenges.C.lt is very likely to have a bright future.D.It should be expanded in more industries.三、The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest. Many of us can recall Smoky the Bear's famous warning: “Remember, only YOU can prevent forest fires”. However, that's not always the case. Under the right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires.After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on these newly available foods. Some reptiles and amphibians such as the pine (松树) snake prefer forests frequently burned by fire. As Herbert Stoddard put it, “One of the most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from fire-type pine forests. Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes, lose their prairie-likevegetation (草原般植被) and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic burning for their food supply and proper cover.”If you are asked to picture the forest floor, what do you see? Pine needles, cones, leaves, branches might come to mind-all sources of fuel. If these fuel sources build up without any type of removal, the 'fuel load' can lead to fires catastrophic to forests and people alike. In contrast, prescribed fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level. They can also minimize the spread of pest insects and disease and remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various plants.Many organizations and agencies work to promote fire on the landscape when and where appropriate. Smokey Bear even has an updated warning: “Only You can Preven t Wildfires,” as the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed policies and procedures to include prescribed fire as a management tool, as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight wildfires.1.Why did the author mention Smoky the Bear's warning?A.To introduce the topic of the passage.B.To clarify a misunderstood concept.C.To show the significance of fire prevention.D.To raise people's awareness of forest protection.2.What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard?A.Forest bushes.B.Fuel sources.C.Pine forests.D.Periodic burning.3.What is the purpose of prescribed fire?A.To put out wildfires.B.To keep the forest balance.C.To remove tree and plant species.D.To keep the fuel rich in the forest.4.What might be the best title for the passage?A.One Match Can Start A Forest FireB.Where There Is Smoke There Is A FireC.Not All Forest Fires Are Created EqualD.Why Not Keep The Forest Fire Burning四、Electric vehicles are close to the “turning point" of rapid mass adoption thanks to the decreasing cost of batteries, experts say.Global sales of electric vehicles rose 43% in 2020, but even faster growth is expected when continuing falls in battery prices result in the price of electric cars under the same petrol and diesel (柴油)models, which may happen between 2023 and 2025. According to a study by Prof Tim Lonton, at the University of Exeter, the turning point has already been passed in Norway, where tax breaks(税收减免) mean electric cars arc cheaper and the market share of battery-powered cars increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway, compared with less than 5% in most European nations.The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and faster than predicted thanks to a massive production and cuts in costs, such as reducing the amount of expensive cobalt (钻)required. BloombergNEF's analysis predicts lithium-ion(锂离子) battery costs will fall so sharply that electric cars can match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023. McKin-sey's Global Energy Perspective 2021, published on 15 January, forecasts that "electric vehicles are likely to become the most economic choice in the next five years worldwide".Electric cars, vital in efforts to fight climate crisis, are quieter and start to go faster, so people do not want to return to a petrol or diesel vehicle once they have one. A survey of2,000 electric car owners found 91 % said they did not want to go back.“The survey shows the strong and lasting impact of switching to a clean car. The evidence in favour of electric vehicles grows more convincing even in a year as destructive as 2020," said Melanie Shufflebotham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging points.1.What leads to the growing sales of electric vehicles?A.The rise in petrol prices.B.The desire for a lower tax.C.The drop in battery costs.D.The need for a cleaner life.2.What can we infer from paragraph 2?A.Policies in Norway support electric vehicles.B.Economy in Norway outgrows other nations.C.The market share of electric vehicles will decline.D.The tax breaks in Europe will continue to increase.3.How will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price?A.By increasing the demand for cobalt.B.By boosting the sales of electric cars.C.By reducing the production of batteries.D.By cutting the costs of lithium-ion batteries.4.What is the attitude of people surveyed towards electric cars?A.Tolerant.B.Positive.C.Unwilling.D.Opposed.五、Paper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways. First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year. Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares offorest. Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production. And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss.The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills(垃圾填埋场) where it can produce harmful gases. Paper in landfills leads to the release(释放) of methane, a gas that is a significant contributor in global warming.One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Paper is mainly made from cellulose(纤维素), which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants. Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking. So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees.Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn't the dull-colored stuff many of us are familiar with any more. It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.Effective recycling requires a consistent effort. The way to begin is with education and understanding. Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.1.What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1?A.Consequences resulting from forest loss.B.The significance of paper in daily life.C.The disadvantages of current paper production.D.The severe situation caused by papermaking.2.Why is paper in landfills harmful?A.It releases smelly gases.B.It results in global climate change.C.It pollutes the nearby land.D.It may lead to fire accidents.3.What can we know about paper-recycling?A.It produces cellulose to make more paper.B.The structure of cellulose makes it possible.C.The color of recycled paper is different.D.It produces cellulose without using trees.4.What's the purpose of this text?A.To introduce paper recycling technology.B.To stress the threat of global warming.C.To appeal to people to recycle paper.D.To describe the considerable need for paper. 六、When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception(感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies in the lab and in real life suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate(编造）an alternative.What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: That a bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands ofpeople under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7,500 individuals from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere."Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions," says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. "It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to thought suppression(抑制)or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful," explains Ziano.Unfortunately, even when participants were instructed to ignore the response delays in one of the experiments, it only reduced their perception of insincerity; it did not completely remove it.1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence.B. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work.C. The impression of dishonesty isn't always accurate.D. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable.2. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research?A. By studying the findings of several previous research projects.B. By examining thousands of people in various situations.C. By collecting data from the database from a new research.D. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved.3. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in paragraph 4?A. Listeners should ignore the pauses.B. A real criminal could escape quietly.C. The responder may be judged wrongly.D. The response delay affects people's preference.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A Slower Response Makes You Seem InsincereB. New Evidence of Being Dishonest Is FoundC. Think Carefully Before You AnswerD. Action Speaks Louder Than Words七、There are patches of green taking root in European cities. It is part of a popular movement that started in Asia to clean the air, cool down temperatures, and improve the quality of life of city residents.This movement began in India with Indian eco-entrepreneur Shubhendu Sharma who was inspired by the tiny forests in Japan created by Akira Miyawak, a botanist who saw this as a solution to regenerate the land. In 2014, Sharma gave a Ted Talk about how valuable the mini ecosystems he was planting across India are. Sharma planted them anywhere he could, near schools, factories, and houses. These mini ecosystems grow ten times faster than conventional forests and are considerably more biodiverse.Now, Europeans are following his example and tiny forests are springing up across the continent. But first, Europeans had to adapt his methods to the different soil conditions, species and climate, while taking into account the effects of climate change. “Species growing here are more likely to do well and be able to adapt to climate change,” said Belgian biologist Nicolas, “So, I contacted scholars and tree nurseries to identify suitable native tree species and locally sourced materials to improve the soil.”The first tiny forest was planted in the UK in 2020 in a program run by ecologist Victor Beumer for Earth-watch. He said that the organization plans to collect data about biodiversity and carbon sequestration (碳封存) so that the environmental influence of the forests can be tracked in the long term. There are 17 of these forests now and 21 will be planted by 2022. These mini forests are seen as an asset that can help residents weather heat waves, improve water retention, remove carbon from the air, and the best benefit.While these European forests are still relatively young and the full impact of them on the environment is still unknown, one thing is a given. Bringing more nature into cities will have a positive impact on the life of urban residents. Being in nature is good for your health, and wellbeing.1.What can we learn about Sharma from the text?A.He likes giving a talk about tiny forests.B.He started the tiny forest movement in Europe.C.He has planted tiny forests everywhere he liked.D.He is a leading figure of the movement of tiny forests.2.What is implied in Nicolas’s words in Paragraph 3?A.He used native species to grow small forests.B.It’s difficult to carry on the movement in Belgium.C.He chose some natural fertilizers to improve the soil.D.He has improved Sharma’s methods of gro wing forests.3.What can we infer about these European forests from the text?A.They have been taken seriously by the governments.B.They have benefited local residents physically and mentally.C.Their influence on the environment arouses the public’s curi osity.D.The further studies on their connection with nature are to be carried out.4.Which of the following is a suitable title for this text?A.Europeans Have Struggled to Improve Air QualityB.Tiny Forests Become More Diverse in EuropeC.Tiny Forests Are Dotting European CountriesD.Europeans Decide to Change Their Environment八、More than a million tons a year of America's plastic rubbish are not ending up where they should. As many as 1,300 plastic grocery bags per person is landing in places such as oceans and roadways, according to a new study of U.S.In 2016, the United States generated 46.3 million tons of plastic waste, by far the most in the world. Between 2.7% and 5.3% of that was mismanaged, according to a study in Friday's journal Science Advances. "If you took nearly 2.5 million tons of mismanaged plastic waste and dumped it on the White House lawn, it would pile as high as the Empire State Building," said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineering professor.Previous studies hadn't put the United States among the 10 worst offending nations for plastic waste in oceans. That's because the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency only tracks what goes into official parts of the waste stream such as landfills(废物填埋场)and recycling centers."The new study provides a more realistic view of our mismanaged waste," said University of Toronto ecology professor Chelsea Rochman, who wasn't part of the study. "We consume a lot of plastic which then becomes plastic waste. We recycle very little of this material, which is a waste of resources.""A large but hard to quantify part of the problem involves the 51% of U.S. plastic waste shipped abroad for recycling to countries that routinely mismanage waste," Law said. The situation has been converting since many countries have become more limiting about taking U.S. rubbish imports. American exports of plastic waste have declined dramatically since their peak in 2016.The government is spending billions of dollars trying to fix the problem, with modernized recycling technology and new business models to reduce waste while urging compulsory recycled content standards for new products and packaging."The best thing you can do environmentally is to produce no waste at all." Jambeck said.1.What can we know about the plastic waste in America?A.It is improperly dealt with.B.It is increasing every year.C.It is as high as a tall building.D.It is finding its way into landfills.2.What did former studies fail to focus on?A.How plastic waste is managed officially.B.Where all plastic waste finally ends up.C.When plastic waste reaches its peak.D.Why all plastic waste isn't recycled.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "converting" in paragraph5?A.continuingB.affectingC.changingD.existing4.What problem might America face concerning plastic waste?A.The lack of capital for waste management.B.The lack of modern technology.C.The seriousness of waste.D.The limit of waste exports.九、"Human activity has wiped out two-thirds of the world's wildlife since 1970," CNN reported on September 10, 2020. Later that month, The Guardian reported that "40 percent of the world's plant species are at risk of extinction". Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich and his colleague announced that "the ongoing sixth mass extinction may be the most serious environmental threat to the persistence of civilization." Around the same time, The Daily Mail warned that human civilization stands a 90 percent chance of collapse within decades due to deforestation.These frightening calculations and projections come from authoritative reports issued by international agencies, conservation groups, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. But is the future of wild nature and human civilization really so bleak(暗淡的)?Data from uncontroversial mainstreams sources strongly indicate that both humanity and the natural world are likely to be flourishing rather than collapsing at the end of this century.Humanity is becoming an urban species, and that's good for the environment, since city residents generally use less electricity, emit less globe-warming carbon dioxide, and have smaller land footprints than people living in the countryside. By 2100, demographers project that 85 percent of people will be citizens, which would leave only 1.2 billion still living in the countryside. That means more space for the wildlife and less pollution from the agriculture.The global tree coverage increased by 865, 00 square miles between 1982 and 2016. The researchers found that gains in forest area in the temperate, subtropical, and boreal climatic zones are offsetting(抵消)declines in the tropics. The Maryland researchers attribute much of that increase to "natural afforestation on abandoned agricultural land." Furthermore, forests inmountainous regions are expanding as climate warming enables trees to grow at higher altitudes. Humanity does face big environmental challenges in the coming century. But a number of scientific and economic evidences show that most of the trends are positive or can be turned in a positive direction by human ingenuity. Rather than an age of extinction, the 21st century promises to be an era of environmental renewal.1.Why does the author mention the reports in Paragraph 1?A.To support his opinion.B.To give examples.C.To introduce the topic.D.To make a contrast.2.What will happen by 2100 according to Paragraph 4?A.No one will choose to live in the countryside.B.There will be more pollution from the agriculture.C.City residents will use more electricity.D.More space will be available for the wildlife.3.What can we know about the forest according to the author?A.The forest area is decreasing year by year.B.The global tree coverage increased so much in 2016.C.There are more forests in mountainous regions due to the climate warming.D.The forest area in the temperate zones and tropics is increasing.4.What might be the best title of the passage?A.The Hopeless Future of Humanity.B.21st Century: An Era of Environmental Renewal.C.The Challenges in the Corning Century.D.Better Environment, Better Future of Human.十、Money is the root of all evil and a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, US. announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do unethical(不道德的) things, such as lie or cheat, than poor people.The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS,《美国国家科学院院刊》).They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving more modest(不豪华的) cars.In another experiment, a group of college students were asked if they would do unethical things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higher-class families were more likely to act dishonestly.According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people's feelings. Finally, it simply makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self-interest said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people are untrustworthy(不能信赖的) or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts and values in different ways.1.By saying “money is the root of all evil",the author wants to _______.A.draw readers' attention to the researchB.link wealth with bad behaviour。
