18 19 Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar名词性从句Ⅰ

Section Ⅲ Grammar ——名词性从句(Ⅰ)]拨点 精语[ 法 要因此，表语、宾语和同位语。

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、都不能用逗号与宾语从句和同位语从句，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、 主句分开。

)When we will start is not clear.(主语从句) 宾语从句Mrs.Black won't believe that her son has become a thief.() My idea is that we should do it right now.(表语从句) I had no idea that you were her friend.(同位语从句 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 她页 1 第二、主语从句．主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或1、主语从句通常由连词代替，由形式主语it而本身放在句子末尾。

that 和whether 连接代词或连接副词引导。

在句中无词义，只起连接作用，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，2．that 但不能省略。

thatthat从句位于句首时，连词．连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从3句中充当成分。

That the football match will be put off is certain now.足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。

Whether he will come or not is still a question.他是否会来仍然是个问题。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反该法者应予以罚款。

飞机何时起飞还没有宣When the plane is to take off has not been announced. 布。

众所周知，光沿直线传播。

It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 即时演练[1]单句改错Bob failed in the exam disappointed his parents.①页 2 第Bob前加That②If Peter will attend the ceremony remains unknown.If→Whether③That Alice said at the meeting was of great value.That→What三、表语从句1．表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。

可以接表语从句的系动词有be，look，seem等。

表语从句通常由连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词，以及as if，as though，because等连词引导。

The girl is not what she was ten years ago.这个女孩已经不是10年前的她了。

It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来像是要下雨了。

The question is whether we should accept their invitation.问题是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请。

This is why we put off the meeting.这就是我们推迟会议的原因。

2．当主语是reason时，表语从句一般要用that引导而不用because。

The reason why Peter hasn't come is that he did not catch the train.彼得还没有来的原因是他没赶上这班火车。

3．如果主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等表示“建议、命令、请求”的名词时，其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是should do，should可省略。

My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.我的建议是我们应该讨论一下这个问题。

[即时演练2]选词填空：that，whether，as if，why①The question is whether the film is worth seeing.②That's why he didn't come on time.③It looks as if we were going to have fine weather.④Our decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow.四、宾语从句页 3 第1．宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if)、连接代词或连接副词引导。

that引导宾语从句在口语和非正式文体中可以省去，但如果主句谓语动词含有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始，引导词that 不可省略。

whether/if和wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。

I believe (that) we can solve the economic problem.我相信我们能解决这个经济问题。

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest station？你能告诉我去最近的车站怎么走吗？He didn't tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。

2．it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句置于动词think，find，feel，consider，make，believe，hate，take，owe，have等后面。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。

3．宾语从句的时态(1)如果主句谓语是现在时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I know he lived in a city three years ago.我知道他三年前住在某个城市里。

(2)如果主句谓语是过去时，从句要用表示过去的某一时态。

He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了玛丽。

(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。

4．否定转移若主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词页 4 第转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

I don't think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

5．作“命令、要求、建议”等动词的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。

这些动词主要有order，suggest，insist，recommend，require，demand，advise等。

She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。

但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。

The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。

6．doubt和wonder用于肯定结构时，后面有whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。

be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导名词性从句。

There's no doubt that he was a major artist.毫无疑问他是个大艺术家。

[即时演练3]完成句子①你知道会议什么时候开始吗？Do you know when the meeting will begin?②我不明白他为什么那么说。

I couldn't understand why he said so．③我认为你不对。

I don't think you are right.④请告诉我你是否同意这个计划。

Please tell me whether/if you agree to the plan．⑤他说下周他要来这儿。

He said he would come here next week.五、同位语从句1．同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如fact，idea，news，promise等)的后面页 5第用以说明或解释前面的名词。

引导同位语从句的词有：连词that(不作句子成分)，whether；连接代词who，whom，what，which；连接副词how，when，where等。

The fact that he won the first prize can't be denied.他获得一等奖的事实不容否认。

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

2．同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with arrow.传说威廉·泰尔用箭射死了暴君。

3．同位语从句中被解释说明的是表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词时，从句的谓语用should＋do的形式，should可以省略。

这样的名词主要有suggestion，requirement，order，request，demand等。

The suggestion that a meeting(should) be held was agreed by most of all.应该开会的建议得到了我们大多数人的同意。