高中英语 高中语法名词性从句讲解与练习(有答案)
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高中英语名词性从句练习(附答案详解Do you know _?A. where does he liveB. where he livesC. where he livedD. where he has lived答案:B解析:此处为宾语从句,要用陈述语序,故选B。
She asked me _.A. what I am doingB. what am I doingC. what I was doingD. what was I doing答案:C解析:此处为宾语从句,要用陈述语序,故选C。
I don't know _.A. how to do itB. how do itC. how doing itD. how did it答案:A解析:此处为宾语从句,要用不定式作宾语,故选A。
He is the man _.A. who I spoke to himB. who I spoke toC. who I spoke with himD. who I spoke with答案:B解析:此处为定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,故选B。
The reason why he left _.A. is that he was unhappyB. is because he was unhappyC. was that he was unhappyD. was because he was unhappy答案:A解析:此处为主语从句,要用that引导,故选A。
We don't know _.A. where is he fromB. where he is fromC. from where is heD. from where he is答案:B解析:此处为宾语从句,要用陈述语序,故选B。
She is the girl _.A. who I went to schoolB. who I went to school withC. whom I went to schoolD. whom I went to school with答案:B解析:此处为定语从句,关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语,故选B。
高中英语名词性从句知识讲解以及练习题附答案一、名词性从句概述名词性从句是一种充当名词作用的从句,通常在主句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
它通常由引导词(如that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what等)引导,并且从句中含有一个主语和谓语。
名词性从句的种类有很多,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
下面我们将逐一介绍这些从句。
二、主语从句主语从句作为一个名词,通常位于句首,是一个句子,主要作用是作为主句的主语。
引导主语从句的词:What (什么);Whether (是否);If (是否);That (那个)。
例句:What he said is true. (他说的是真的。
)Whether it will rain tomorrow is uncertain. (明天是否会下雨还不确定。
)If you go, I will go too. (如果你走,我也跟着走。
)That he is coming is good news. (他来的消息是好消息。
)注意:主语从句的谓语动词通常要用单数形式。
What引导的主语从句通常用来表示“事物”的概念。
三、宾语从句宾语从句是一个名词,通常位于主句的动词后面,作为主句的宾语。
它可以由常见的宾语从句引导词引导,例如whether, if, that, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, how等。
引导宾语从句的词:Whether (是否);If (是否);That (那个);Who (谁);Whom (谁);Whose (谁的);What (什么);When (何时);Where (何处);How (如何)。
例句:I know that he is coming. (我知道他要来。
)I wonder if he is telling the truth. (我想知道他是否说了真话。
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whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁;whatever =anything that凡是...,无论什么;whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个;whomever = anyone whom (whoever的宾格形式)。
Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的就值得做好。
They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。
You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
I'll take whichever book interests me. 我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。
比较:连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语,whomever作宾语从句中宾语。
You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。
(whoever在宾语从句中作主语)You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。
(whomever在宾语从句中作宾语)四、if, whether引导的名词从句1.yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
名词性从句讲解思维导图(附练习题)Whoever / Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain willcatch a cold.Ⅲ whichever ‘无论哪个;无论哪些’,既指人,又指物. 可修饰名词与of连用Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a hand to others.定义:在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句We can learn what we didn’t know.We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every★某些作表语的形容词,如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后可从句I am glad that you can come and help me.wish/would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。
I wish I had finished my homework yesterday.I’d rather you had been there yesterday②在表示建议,命令, 请求的词后面的宾语从句当中用should + V,可以省略His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested thatto see the doctor.He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should③注意it作形式宾语的结构We all thought it a pity that we had missed the lesson.I took it for granted that they were not coming.④ that一般不接介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in的宾语;其它介词后面需用it作形式宾语He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time toreading.He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London.You can depend on it that he will help you in time of emergency.定义:充当表语功能的句子被叫做表语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。
具体用法见下表:主语从句大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
(what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever, whoever, whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
)►It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪开会无所谓。
【注意】(1)常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/important/certain...)+that从句②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour...)+that从句③It+be+过去分词(said/told/heard/reported/decided/suggested...)+that从句④It+特殊动词(seem/appear/happen/matter)+that从句(2)在“It is necessary/important/natural...+that从句”的结构中,从句谓语常用“(should +)动词原形”。
宾语从句1.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有that引导的宾语从句作宾语补足语时,则常用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
►I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天摄入足量的白开水很有必要。
2.有些动词(短语)不能直接跟宾语从句,需要借助形式宾语it。
常见的有hate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, appreciate, see to等。
高中英语必修三名词性从句综合详尽解说与练习名词性从句知识点在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考取几乎都波及到,而且每年的命题各有变化。
解析历届高考试题名词性从句考察的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考察名词性从句的语序问题2. 考察指引词 that 与 what 的差别3.考察 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考察 whether 与 if 的差别5.考察名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 指引的名词性从句与no matter+ 疑问词指引的状语从句的差别6. 考察名词性从句的虚构语气问题语法重点解析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
所以,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
指引名词性从句的连结词可分为三类:连结词: that, whether, if (不充任从句的任何成分)连结代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连结副词: when, where, how, why1.主语从句作句子主的从句叫主从句。
主从句往常由附属that ,whether ,if 和接代 what ,who,which ,whatever ,whoever 以及接副how,when, where,why 等引。
that 在句中无,只起接作用;接代和接副在句中既保存自己的疑含、又起接作用,在从句中充任从句的成分。
比如:What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我什么,不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer.我都知道他是如何成一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held hasnot yet been announced.英晚会将在哪里行,没有宣告。
名词性从句李仕才考点一名词性从句(宾语从句,表语从句)1.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
(1)作动词的宾语①由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)Do you know(that) he has joined the army?你知道他参军了吗?②由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么事。
注意:if引导的从句不能作介词的宾语。
③动词+间接宾语+宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation.她告诉我她会接受我的邀请的。
(2)作介词的宾语It depends on whether you can do the work well.这取决于你是否能把工作干好。
(3)作形容词的宾语I'm sure that he will pass the exam.我确信他会通过考试。
注意:①that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed, disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。
②it不仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进他的发音,我们认为这是有必要的。
(4)否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定形式。
名词性从句名词性从句〔主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句〕(一)主语从句1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1) 附属连词that。
如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。
(2) 附属连词whether。
如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。
如:What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
解释:1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。
常以it作形式主语的句型有:A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。
如:It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。
如:It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
如:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
英语高中名词性从句练习题及讲解在一个阳光明媚的午后,小明坐在窗边,手里拿着一本英语书,眼睛却望着窗外的蓝天白云。
他心里想,要是能把英语学得像家乡的方言一样溜,那该多好啊!突然,他的脑海中浮现出了一个奇妙的想法:用家乡的俚语来练习英语名词性从句。
这样既能增加学习的趣味性,又能加深对英语的理解。
于是,他拿起笔,开始创作起来。
1. 定语从句:小明的狗,它的名字叫做“旺财”,是村里最聪明的。
- 翻译:The dog of Xiaoming, which is named "Wangcai", is the smartest in the village.2. 主语从句:谁都知道,小明的英语成绩是班上最好的。
- 翻译:It is known to all that Xiaoming's English gradeis the best in the class.3. 宾语从句:老师经常告诉我们,学习英语没有捷径。
- 翻译:The teacher often tells us that there is noshortcut in learning English.4. 同位语从句:小明的梦想,那就是成为一名英语老师。
- 翻译:Xiaoming's dream, that is to become an English teacher.5. 表语从句:事实就是这样,小明的英语水平已经很高了。
- 翻译:The fact is that Xiaoming's English level isalready very high.小明一边写,一边忍不住笑出声来。
他想象着同学们用家乡话读这些句子的样子,一定很有趣。
他决定把这些练习题带到课堂上,让大家一起分享这份快乐。
老师走进教室,看到小明的练习题,也被逗笑了。
他决定把这些练习题加入到课程中,让全班同学都来练习。
就这样,小明的创意不仅让自己的英语学习变得更加有趣,也让整个班级的学习氛围变得更加活跃。
高中语法名词性从句讲解在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
例如:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2.用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that … 事实是…It is an honor that …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) It is +形容词+从句It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) It is +不及物动词+从句It seems that… 似乎…It happened that… 碰巧…It appears that… 似乎…(4) It +过去分词+从句It is reported that… 据报道…It has been proved that… 已证实…It is said that… 据说…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
例如:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。
例如:1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如:She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语,例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。
也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如:We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
如:I admire their winning the match.I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
例如:He impressed the manager as an honest man.He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
引导表语从句的that常可省略。
另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。
例如:1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如:1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)名词性从句专题练习1.____he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever ==no matter what//anything thatB. No matter whatC. ThatD. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is ____makes thing work.A. whatB. somethingC. anythingD. that4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted intouniversities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. thereB. in whichC. whereD. when6. They have no idea//don’t know at all____.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he goneD. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. of that8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leaveB. that; should leaveC. /; must leaveD. when; should leave9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if11. Is _____he said really true?A. thatB. whatC. whyD. whether12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A. ThatB. WhetherC. IfD. Where13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. ifC. thatD. for14. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. It remains tobe seen whether ….A. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. If16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoD. How17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A. What; whatB. That; thatC. what; thatD. That ; what18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. WhatB. ItC. All thatD. That19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A. believedB. thinkC. sayD. hoped20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where21. ____he always serves the people very well is known.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. Who22.____has passed the test will get a prize .A. WhoeverB. No mater whoC. WhomeverD. Who23.Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week?A thatB itC hisD he24.It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York.A. when B why C that D what25. Obviously___ we do morning exercises every day ___ us good.A. that doB. if; do C what; does D. that; dose26 It is said____ ____ was all ___ he said.A that; that; thatB what; what; whatC that; which; whatD that; that; which 27___ gets home first is to cook the supper.A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever28___ moved us most was___ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years.A. That; thatB. What; that C What; what D. That; what29.___ you did it is not known to all.A. WhoB. WhatC. HowD. Which30.___ you do should be well done.A How B. That C. Whatever D Why31. The reason why I plan to go is___ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A. becauseB. thatC. thanks toD. what32. What time do you think__?A. will Tom come backB. Tom will come backC. is Tom coming backD. can Tom get here33. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.A. Has traveledB. traveledC. had traveledD. travels34..___ is still a question___ will win.A. It; thatB. It; whoC. That; whoD. This; that35. If you know___ it was that wrote A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. thatIt was Dickens that wrote ….Who was it that wrote36. In some countries,___ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what37. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.A. that; thatB. what; whatC. that; whatD. what that38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just___ worries the public.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. what39. Why don’t you bring___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A. thatB. whatC. thatD. it40.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave withhim___ happens.A. whatever; whateverB. No matter what; whateverC. No matter what; No matter whatD. Whatever; however41. That is___ I was born and grew up.A. ThereB. in whichC. whereD. the place42.___ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Because43.___ we are doing has never been done before.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Whether44.---Have you found your book yet?---No, I’m not sure___ I could have left it.A. whetherB. whereC. whenD. why45. The doctor couldn’t answer the question___ the patient could survive that night.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. what46. I firmly believe___ he said at the meeting was right.A. thatB. whichC. that whatD. what that47.---What were you trying to prove to the police?---___ I was last night.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What48. I think, though I could be mistaken, __ he liked me.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what49. At the meeting, we discussed___ we should employ more workers.A. ifB. whetherC. thatD. /50. After___ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that51.___ has a good education can apply for the job.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Whoever52.___ is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.A. HeB. ItC. ThatD. What53.___ worries me is___ we’re going to pay for all this.A. It; thatB. That; howC. What; howD. As; that54.___ is said that paper was invented in China.A. AsB. WhichC. ItD. That55. Many people thought little of me, but I did what___.A. I thought I was rightB. I thought it was rightC. I thought was rightD. I was thought righty56. The manager has decided to put___ he think is energetic, clever, and has good sense of dutyin the position of the leadership of the company.A. those whoB. anyoneC. whomeverD. whoever57. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberiaand___ more tan 10,000 years ago.A. this is AlaskaB. Alaska is now AlaskaC. is now AlaskaD. what is now Alaska58. Please tell me___ you would like to have your coffee--- black or white?A. whatB. whereC. whichD. how59. My mother asked___ with me.A. what was the wrongB. what the matter wasC. what matter wasD. what was the matter60. Some of the scientists held the point___ the book said was right.A. what whatB. what whatC. that thatD. that whatKeys:1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA 21—25 BABAD 26—30 ADBCC 31—35 BBDBC 36—40 DCDDA 41—45 CBBBC 46—50 CCCBC 51—55 BDCCC 56—60 DDDDD11。