第三章
一基础句型
（1）S+V
Nobody went out.
The children are playing.
(2) S+V+O
We love our country.
Granny looks after the baby carefully.
They put up a new hospital.
He dreamed a horrible dream last night.
(3) S+V+O+O
He gave his sister the piano.
He bought his wife a fur coat.
The old man gave a story book to the boy.
(4) S+V+O+C
I found the book easy.
They held him hostage.
I heard him singing.
(5) S+L+P
Trees are green.
The milk tastes sour.
She became a lawyer.
感观动词：seem，appear，look，taste，smell ，sound ，feel
变化过程动词：become，get，grow，turn，go，come ，fall
保持状态动词：be，stay，remain，keep，continue，stand
二句子成分
主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语
Samuel Pepys , the famous writer of the test，was most sorry for the fact that many famous buildings were destroyed. 同位语从句
独立成分：与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系
如：感叹语呼语插入语
Hi , Tracy, you look tired.
What’s more, their parents allow them to stay out.
As a result, it became a success in the US.
三动名词：含义
（1）做主语：According to the writer of the test, imaging the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.
It’s no use buying a lot of books without reading them.
(2) 做表语：His job is teaching physics.
Seeing is believing.
(3) 做宾语：Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.
We are looking forward to visiting your country.
(4)做定语：There is a swimming pool at the back of the garden
四分词：动词的另一种形式，是谓语动词
There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.（主动）
The first test-books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
(1)具有形容词作用：表定补
（补）Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
(宾补)Dad missed a step and fell, sending my new suitcases rolling down the stairs.
(2)做定语：I like that dancing girl, exciting news.
(3) 做表语：They got very excited.
His speech is very encouraging.
The novel is very well written.
(3)分词起到副词的作用，做状语
原因：Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
条件：Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
伴随：The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.
五动词不定式：to do/not to do 句中不能单独做谓语
（1）做主语：To learn English is a pleasure to me.
To scold her would not be just.
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?
（2）做表语：The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat.
Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. （3）做宾语：We agreed to meet here, but so far she has not turned up yet.
They are planning to visit China next year.
（4）做补足语：I’ll try to get her to see the doctor.
Mrs Smith warned her daughter never to drive after drinking.
（5）做定语：He is always the first one to get up.
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. (6) 做状语
After eating my dinner quickly, I went to the railway station to see my friend off.(目的)
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
第四章
一名词性从句
（1）主语从句
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
It is strange that she did not come yesterday.
It is a great pity that he should have said so.
(2) 表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
That was why he fell ill.
(3)宾语从句
I remember when this used to be a quiet village.
These photographs will show you what our village looks like.
Do you remember how he came?
(4)同位语从句
