4.英汉翻译教程 (1)
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第一章
翻译的定义和翻译的原则
一、翻译的定义
1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.( Columbia
Encyclopedia )
2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source
language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )
3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来,以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明,特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。(孙致礼 2003:6 )
二、翻译的原则
1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)
In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no
easy work to realize ―faithfulness‖! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t
amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance.
(译事三难,信,达,雅。求其信已大难矣!顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉)
① Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.
----那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千无辜的平民
②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.
――作用力与反作用力大小相等,方向相反.
③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement.
――我们都会想念他的,我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿.
④ For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.
古往今来多少离合悲欢, 谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸!
⑤ Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use;
but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation.
――有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之.
2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)
① From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the village. It was all beautiful, and the
sight of it filled me with longing.
――从这里望下去,整个山谷一览无遗,只见那田野、河流、村庄,全都美不胜收,真叫我心驰神往.
② He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market.
――他经营生意,可是几乎血本无归.
3.Qian Zhongshu
① Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it
a soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair.
卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石,沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里,但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑,使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色,卡普里岛远离尘嚣,但景色宣人,生机盎然。
② The young people were all in high favour, especially Alice, whose sweet face and temper would have endeared
her to the devil himself, but there was much shaking of heads over her handsome husband, Peter, who had a hot
eye for a fine leg, as Matty put it, and was apt to put an arm round the kitchen girls if he had the chance.
仆人们对家里年轻的主人都充满好感,特别对艾丽丝更是如此。她的脸蛋长得甜甜,脾气又特别随和,就是魔鬼见了她也会喜欢。但谈起她那位英俊的丈夫——彼得,许多仆人是摇头的,玛蒂形容说,他见了女人标致的大腿,眼睛就会色迷迷的,如果逮着机会还会去搂一把年轻厨娘的腰。
4. Alexander Fraser Tytler
① You country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the people who struggle against terrorism.――贵国一直坚定地站在反对恐怖主义的前列.
② It is the champion of apartheid.――它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首
③A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts. 千条汉子能共处,两个婆娘难相容.
④ Being invited to dance, she would not very well refuse. ――有人请她跳舞,她不好意拒绝
2 5. Eugen A. Nida
①Poison (a name of cosmetic)――百爱神 ②Coca-Cola――可口可乐
③ 《半夜鸡叫》 ――A Cock Crying at Midnight.
6. Peter Newmark
①迎客时说:路上辛苦了.――Did you enjoy your trip?
②请客时说:没什么菜,随便吃.――Help yourself.
7. Vermeer and Nord:
① Red Star Over China——《西行漫记》
②While facing foreign pressure, China was also weakened by social unrest which resulted from a great increase
in population and inadequate farmland. This led to peasant uprisings. The Taiping Rebellion. The most serious one
was the Taiping Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan. The rebellion was one of the most destructive unrest in history,
taking as many as 30 million lives. …
中国面临外患的同时,又因人口大增而耕地不足,引发社会动荡,国力减弱,农民起义此起彼伏。其中最重要的一次是洪秀全领导的太平天国运动。这是历史上规模最大的一次农民起义,三千万人为之付出了生命。……
第二章 文化与翻译
Walls have ears 隔墙有耳。 She has a heart as hard as flint. 她生来一副铁石心肠。
It was packed like a tin of sardines. 挤得象一听沙丁鱼。
At present, the superpowers are armed to the teeth with nuclear weapons, placing the people of the whole world
under their nuclear threat.
目前超级大国用核武器武装到了牙齿,把全世界人民都置于他们的核威胁之下。
2. Reproducing the same image plus paraphrase.
To carry coals to Newcastle. 运煤到纽卡索,多此一举。
The planners were busy bypassing the Gordian knot.
计划制订者为躲避戈尔迪结—刺手问题,而忙得不可开交。
3.Replacing the image in the SL with a familiar TL image. One stone, two birds.一箭双雕。
Richard could not go to a library and writing the report was a job of making bricks without straw. 理查德不能去图书馆,那么要写这份报告无异于要他做无米之炊。
He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind. 玩火者自焚。
Tom is as poor as a church mouse. 汤姆一贫如洗
Don’t teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧
4.Delete the image.
How could she remain as cool as cucumber at such a critical moment?
在如果紧要关头,她怎么能保持如此冷静?
Mary was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. 玛丽生在富贵之家
Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.
同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起,这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。
Many people don’t like Jack because he is a wet blanket.
很多人都不喜欢杰克因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。
第三章 直译与意译
Literal Translation and Free Translation