现代大学英语精读2_Unit_4单词及释义

UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？约翰·切阿迪1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。

那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。

一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。

”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。

三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。

我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。

2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。

我本来可以指出，他考入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。

这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。

换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。

3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。

4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。

谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。

但平均每天24小时会保持不变。

在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。

5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。

假设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。

作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。

这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。

无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。

大学英语精读二册4课（中英对照）UNIT 4. My First JobTrying to make some money before entering university, the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview面试goes from bad to worse...为了想在进大学前赚些钱，作者申请了一份教职。

但面试情况却越来越糟……My First Job我的第一份工作While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper地方报纸a teaching post教学职位at a school in a suburb郊区of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful, I applied 申请, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim 微薄.在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。

我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。

However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward 尴尬的journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter .As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed沮丧的to feel nervous. too...to...表示太……而不能……然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊登去面试。

现代大学英语精读二unit4详细答案（杨立民版）Unit 4Preview1. Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanksin thefollowing sentences.1) an air crash; Washington; 19822) terrible crash; jet plane; Washington National Airport; bridge; Potomac;sank; in icy-cold water; four; survive3) great damage and loss of life; special; tears; helicopter team;to pick upsurvivors; “the man in the water”4) courage and noble character; nature; to the occasion5) pride; the moral power2. Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions. 1) The unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” here means factor or a basic part of sth complicated..2) City of form and rules means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned into its opposite and became chaotic, turned into a state of complete disorder and confusion.A blast of real winter: Blast means a sudden strong movement of wind or air. The two metals here refer to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal. 3) From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash, because the plane was blue and green, the river was black, and the chunks of ice were grey. Perhaps people did not see failure in it at all. They only saw the triumph of human nature over the elements.5) Here the human nature and natural powers are in conflict.6)“Rise to the occasion”: Deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult. “Groping and struggling”refers to the fact that normally it ishuman instinct to grope for something to hang on to and struggle for life. 7) The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes…, are able to account for their behavior.”“Account for”: give a satisfactory explanation8) “in the line of duty”: while working; while on duty9) Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the sentiment has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable.10) It means the main reason for the emotional impact or the person who caused the greatest emotional impact.11) “mass casualty”: a great number of people injured and killedin an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people. Alsomass murder; mass killings; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement.“commitment”: a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.12) As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human beings can do when they are at their best.13) “listening to …” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”;“tell …” and “saying ..” are both part of the complex object of “listening to”; and “to fasten …” is part of the complex object of “tell”.14) in the essential, classic circumstance: in the most basic and typical circumstance 15) the age-old battle between humans and nature16) go at each other: fight each other violentlyact on distinctions: act according to the distinction between good and evil; act according to moral principles17) It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand life’s true meaning.18) “hold it to a standoff”: make nature unable to win the battle immediately 迫使自然接受在和人的斗争中的僵持局面，使它不能马上得逞。

现代大学英语精读2 Unit 4 单词Introduction在现代大学英语精读2的第四单元中，我们将学习一些与国际和跨文化交流有关的单词。

这些单词不仅在日常生活中使用频率较高，而且在专业和学术领域也非常重要。

本文档将介绍这些单词的定义和用法，以帮助读者更好地掌握这些词汇。

1. CultureCulture [ˈkʌltʃər] (文化) refers to the shared beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular group of people. It includes aspects such as art, music, literature, religion, language, and food. Understanding different cultures is essential for effective communication and building positive relationships in a globalized world.Example sentence: - We should respect and appreciate the diversity of cultures around the world.2. GlobalizationGlobalization [ˌɡloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən] (全球化) refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through economic, technological, political, and cultural exchanges. It has led to the integration of markets, the global spread of ideas and information, and the movement of goods, services, and people across borders.Example sentence: - Globalization has both positive and negative impacts on the economy and society.3. CommunicationCommunication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən] (交流) is the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings between individuals or groups. It can be verbal, nonverbal, written, or visual. Effective communication requires clarity, understanding, and active listening.Example sentence: - Good communication skills are essential in the workplace for effective teamwork and collaboration.4. InterculturalIntercultural [ˌɪntərˈkʌltʃərəl] (跨文化的) refers to interactions between people or groups from different cultures. It involves understanding, appreciating, and adapting to cultural differences to foster effective communication and build positive relationships.Example sentence: - Intercultural competence is crucial for suc cess in today’s globalized world.5. Language BarrierLanguage barrier [ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriər] (语言障碍) refers to the difficulty or obstacle in communication that arises when people, who speak different languages, cannot understand eachother. It can hinder effective communication, understanding, and collaboration.Example sentence: - The language barrier was a significant challenge during the international conference.6. StereotypeStereotype [ˈsteriəˌtaɪp] (刻板印象) refers to a fixed, oversimplified, and generalized belief or idea about a particular group of people or things. Stereotypes are often based on limited knowledge, prejudices, or cultural biases, and can lead to misunderstanding, discrimination, and unfair treatment.Example sentence: - It is important to challenge and overcome stereotypes to promote inclusivity and diversity.7. SensitivitySensitivity [sɛnˈsɪtɪvəti] (敏感) refers to the ability to perceive and understand the feelings, emotions, and needs of oneself and others. In intercultural communication, sensitivity helps to bridge cultural differences, avoid misunderstandings, and promote empathy and respect.Example sentence: - Sensitivity to cultural nuances is crucial when working with people from different backgrounds.8. Cross-culturalCross-cultural [ˌkrɔsˈkʌltʃərəl] (跨文化的) refers to interactions or experiences that involve more than one culture. It requires awareness, understanding, and adaptability to effectively navigate and communicate across different cultural contexts.Example sentence: - Cross-cultural communication skills are necessary for international business negotiations.9. EtiquetteEtiquette [ˈɛtɪˌkɛt] (礼仪) refers to the social norms, conventions, and acceptable behavior in a particular society or culture. Understanding and following etiquette helps to show respect, politeness, and consideration towards others in different social and cultural settings.Example sentence: - It is essential to be aware of the etiquette practices when attending a formal dinner in a foreign country.10. DiversityDiversity [daɪˈvɜːrsɪti] (多样性) refers to the range of different cultures, ethnicities, religions, perspectives, and identities within a group or society. Embracing diversity promotes inclusivity, equality, and understanding among people from different backgrounds.Example sentence: - The university campus celebrates diversity through various cultural events and programs.Conclusion掌握这些与国际和跨文化交流相关的单词对于现代大学英语学习非常重要。

As disasters go , this one was terrible, but not unique, certainly not among the worst U.S. aircrashes on record. There was the unusual element of the bridge, of course, and the fact thatthe plane clipped it at a moment of high traffic, one routine thus intersecting another and disrupting both. Then, too, there was the location of the event. Washington, the city of formand regulations, turned chaotic, deregulated, by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metalon metal. The jets from Washington National Airport that normally swoop around the presidential monuments like famished gulls are, for the moment, emblemized by the one thatfell; so there is that detail. And there was the aesthetic clash as well — blue-and-green Air Florida, the name a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks in a black river. All that wasworth noticing, to be sure. Still, there was nothing very special in any of it, except death, which,while always special, does not necessarily bring millions to tears or to attention. Why, then, theshock here?就此次灾害而言，此次灾害和其余灾害相同很严重，但其实不特别，自然也绝对不在美国有记载的伤亡人数最多的空难之列。

目　录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 9一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 10一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 11一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 12一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 13一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 14一、练习答案Unit 15一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 16一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Adisaster [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸；不幸【例句】These difficulties are caused by natural disasters. 这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。

【助记】dis（不，没有）+aster（星星）→星星消失了，难道预示着灾难的来临？谐音“点扎死他”，灾难。

semester [si5mestE] n.学期；半年【例句】His writing has improved greatly in this semester. 这学期他的写作有了很大进步。

【助记】seme（看作semi半）+s+ ter（看作terra学期）→半学期beanpole [5bi:npEul] n.（插在地上供豆茎攀缘的）支竿，瘦长之人【例句】Li Ling’s elder sister is short and overweight while her younger sister is a beanpole.李玲的姐姐是个矮胖墩儿，可她妹妹却是个细高个儿。

大学精读第二册第一单元accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully; achievementacquire v. to gain; to get for oneself by one's own workarrogantly adv. behaving in a proud and self-important wayaspirin n. 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）assume v. to take as a fact; to supposeavailable adj. able to be used or easily foundbachelor n. ～'s degree: the first university degreebeanpole n. (informal) a very tall and thin personbull n. a male cowcertify v. to state that sth. is true or correct, esp. after some kind of testcivilized adj. educated and refined; having an advanced cultureclient n. a person who pays for help or advice from a person or organizationcontinuity n. the state of being continuouscyanide n. 氰化物democratic adj. based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights and should be involved in making important decisions 民主的disaster n. a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering. Here: a complete failuredrugstore n. (AmE) a shop which sells medicine (and a variety of other things)enroll v. to officially arrange to join a school or universityexpertise n. skill in a particular fieldexpose v. to enable sb. to see or experience new things or learn about new beliefs, ideas, etc. faculty n. (AmE) all the teachers of a university or collegefragment n. a small piece of sth.generate v. to producegrind v. to crush into small pieces or powder by pressing between hard surfaceship n. the fleshy part of either side of the human body above the legshumanity n. the qualities of being humanimplicitly adv. in an implied way 含蓄地inevitable adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoidliteral adj. in the basic meaning of a wordmaintain v. to continue to have as beforeNeanderthal n. an early type of human being who lived in Europe during the Stone Age nevertheless adv. in spite of that; yetpeculiar adj. belonging only to a particular person; special; oddpenetrating adj. showing the ability to understand things clearly and deeplypest n. (informal) an annoying personpharmacy n. a shop where medicines are prepared and sold. Here: the study of preparing drugs or medicinesphilosophy n. the study of the nature and meaning of existence, reality, etc. 哲学pill n. a small solid piece of medicine that you swallow wholepreside v. to lead; to be in chargeprofessional adj. relating to the work that a person does for an occupation, esp. work that requires special trainingpursuit n. the act of trying to achieve sth. in a determined waypush-button adj. using computers or electronic equipment rather than traditional methods qualified adj. having suitable knowledge or experience for a particular jobrear v. to care for a person or an animal until they are fully grownresources n. possessions in the form of wealth, property, skills, etc. that you have 资源savage n. an uncivilized human beingscroll n. Here: a certificate of an academic degreesemester n. one of the two periods into which the year is divided in American high schools and universities (=term in BrE)sensitive adj. able to understand or appreciate art, music or literatureshudder v. to shake uncontrollably for a momentspecialize v. to limit all or most of one's study to particular subjects 专修species n. (informal) a type; a sortspecimen n. Here: a person who is unusual in some way and has a quality of a particular kind spiritual adj. related to your spirit rather than to your body or mindstore v. to keepsuffice v. to be enoughAristotle 亚里士多德Bach 巴赫Chaucer 乔叟Dante 但丁Einstein 爱因斯坦Hamlet 哈姆雷特Homer 荷马La Rochefoucauld 拉罗什富科Shakespeare 莎士比亚Virgil 维吉尔第二单元alert adj. watchful and ready to meet dangerbirch n. 桦树bough n. a main branch of a treecabin n. a small roughly built housechase v. to drive away; to cause to leavecreek n. a long narrow streamcrouch v. to lower the body close to the ground by bending the knees and backcub n. a young meat-eating wild animal like bear, lion, tiger, wolf, etc.detain v. to keep sb. from leaving during a certain timedim v. to become less brightdoc n. (informal AmE) a doctordrift v. to be driven along by windflake n. a very small flat thin piece that breaks away easily from sth. else; snow ～: 雪花grasshopper n. 蚱蜢howl n. a long loud cry, esp. made by wolves as in pain, anger, etc.leap v. to jump high into the airlick v. to move the tongue across the surface of sth. in order to eat it or clean itmantle n. a loose outer sleeveless garment. Here it is used figuratively.meadow n. a field with wild grass and flowersmischievous adj. eager to have fun by playing harmless tricksmuzzle n. the nose and mouth of an animal such as a dog, a wolf or a horsenumb adj. unable to feel anything because of coldnesspace n. a single step in running or walkingpartner n. sb. who does the same activity with you 伙伴paw n. an animal's foot that has nails or clawspierce v. to make a hole in or through (sth.) using sth. with a sharp pointpine n. 松树poke v. to push or move sth. through a space or openingpuppy n. a young dog ("puppy-wool" here refers to the wool of the wolf cub)realize v. to understandrestless adj. unwilling or unable to stay quiet and stillrifle n. a type of gun fired from the shoulderrocket n. 火箭rooster n. (AmE) a cockrumble n. a deep continuous rolling soundshack n. a small and not very strong buildingshiver v. to shake, esp. from cold or fearslash v. to make a long deep cut with sth. sharp like a knifesmother v. to cover thicklysnarl n. a low angry sound while showing the teethsoaked adj. very wet with some liquidspear v. 用鱼叉刺spurt v. to come out quickly and suddenly in a thin, powerful streamsquat v. to sit with your knees bent under you, your bottom off the ground, and balancing on your feet 蹲；蹲坐squirrel n. a small animal with a long furry tail that climbs trees and eats nuts 松鼠stir v. to move slightlythicken v. to become thickerthrill v. to feel very happy and excitedtoll n. to take a ～: to have a very bad effect on sb. or sth.trapper n. a person who catches wild animals for their furunchained adj. without a chainwhimper v. to make low crying soundswiggle v. (infml) to move in small movements from side to side, or up and downwolf n. a wild animal that looks like a large dog and lives and hunts in groupswool n. the soft thick hair of sheep and some goats (Here it refers to the hair of the wolf.)第三单元approval n. official permissionbond n. a written document in which a government or company promises to pay back money that it has borrowed, often with interest 债券certainty n. the state of being certaincommit v. to do sth. wrong or illegalcontribution n. sth. you say or do in order to help make sth. successful 贡献convict v. to find sb. guilty of a crime, esp. in a court of law n. a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prisoncostly adj. having a high price; expensivecourt n. a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jurycurrent adj. belonging to the present timedecade n. a period of 10 yearsdeter v. to discourage; to persuade sb. not to do sth., by making him realize it will be difficult or will have unpleasant resultsdismiss v. to ～a court case: to stop a court case before a result is reachedelite adj. considered to be the best of their kind 属于精英的，最好的estimate n. a calculation of a quantity or number 估计evidence n. the information used in a court of law to try to prove sth.execute v. to kill sb. as a lawful punishment for a serious crimefeasible adj. able to be carried out or donefeature n. a typical part or qualityillustrate v. to show sth. by giving related examplesimprison v. to put in prisoninmate n. one who is kept in a prisonmaximum adj. the largest number or amountnonetheless adv. in spite of that; yet; neverthelessnontraffic adj. not related to trafficobservation n. what one has noticedoffender n. sb. who is guilty of a crime; a criminaloffense n. an illegal action or a crimeper prep. for eachpersonnel n. all the people employed in a particular organizationprecisely adv. exactlyprior adj. happening beforeproperty n. belongings; possessionsprosecute v. to bring a criminal charge against sb. in a court of lawrate n. the speed at which sth. happens over a period of timereality n. the real situation; the real state of affairsreject v. to refuse to acceptSaudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯severity n. the state of being severesocial adj. relating to societysolution n. a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situationstatistics n. facts shown in numbersteenage adj. aged between 13 and 19theft n. the crime of stealingtough adj. determined and strictvictim n. a person who suffers as a result of other people's criminal actions, etc.violence n. the use of force to hurt other people physicallyvoter n. a person who has the legal right to vote, esp. in a political electionwitness n. a person who tells in a court of law what he saw or what he knows about a crimeAlcatraz阿尔卡特拉兹（美国圣弗兰西斯科湾——即旧金山湾——的小岛，1933—1963年为一座联邦监狱所在地。

Translation of Text A水中人穸杰•罗森布赖特就灾难而言，这次灾难虽然可怕，但并非绝无仅有，肯定也不是美国空难史上最严重的一次。

其特别之处在于发生在地面交通高峰时刻，坠落时飞机撞到了一座桥上。

另外一个特别之处就是空难发生的地点——华盛顿，在严冬里突如其来的一阵强风中，钢铁的机身猛烈撞击到钢铁的桥面，把这个布局合理、井然有序的城市，搞得一片混乱。

从华盛顿国家机场起飞后，喷气式飞机一般都像觅食的海鸥一样，会在各个总统纪念碑上空盘旋一阵。

此刻，那架坠落的飞机即是其中的代表。

除了金属与金属之间的冲突，此次空难也是色彩上的视觉冲突---有着“空中花园”之称的蓝绿相间的佛罗里达航空公司的一架客机，坠人了充满了灰色冰块、黑压压的河水中。

毫无疑问，这一切都引人注目，不过，除了人员死亡之外，其他因素都没有什么特别之处，虽说死亡总不是一般事件，但也未必会引起上百万人落泪或关注。

那么这次空难为什么如此震撼人心呢？也许在这次空难中，人们看到的不仅仅是一次机械故障。

也许，人们根本不认为这是人类的一次失败，而是看到了自身品质的某种胜利。

毕竟，这是两种自然力量---恶劣的天气与人的品德之间的冲撞。

上周三，恶劣的天气与以往一样无情，把第90次航班从空中掀了下来。

就在当天下午，人性在摸索中、抗争中挺身而出，对抗死神。

此次事件的四位英雄中，有三位能讲叙自己的事迹。

唐纳德•厄舍和尤金•温莎是美国国家公园巡警的一个直升机的机组成员，他们冒着生命危险一次次地将起落架放入水中救起幸存者。

在电视屏幕他俩并肩而坐，提起他的英勇事迹，他们说当时只是做了自己分内的事情。

28岁的勒尼•斯库特尼克是国会预算办公室的职员，谈起他跳下本将一名受伤的妇女救上岸时，他说：“我从来都没想过自己会这样做。

”他补充“总得有人下水救人。

”他说的是每个英雄都说的活，但此话无论重复多少遍，听者的敬仰丝毫不减。

实际上，没有人要求哪个人非得下水救人，可有人自觉下去了，这正是人们久久不能忘怀这次灾难的原因之一。

As disasters go, this one was terrible, but not unique, certainly not among the worst U.S. air crashes on record . There was the unusual element of the bridge, of course, and the fact that the plane clipped it at a moment of high traffic, one routine thus intersecting another and disrupting both. Then, too, there was the location of the event. Washington, the city of form and regulations, turned chaotic, deregulated, by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal. The jets from Washington National Airport that normally swoop around the presidential monuments like famished gulls are, for the moment, emblemized by the one that fell; so there is that detail. And there was the aesthetic clash as well—blue-and-green Air Florida, the name a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks in a black river. All that was worth noticing, to be sure. Still, there was nothing very special in any of it, except death, which, while always special, does not necessarily bring millions to tears or to attention. Why, then, the shock here?就这次灾难而言，这次灾难和其他灾难一样很严重，但并不特殊，当然也绝对不在美国有记载的伤亡人数最多的空难之列。

Unit 1 Say Yes1.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。

我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。

It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. we must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.2.随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多的卷入国际事务。

而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。

As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more involve in international affairs. And Conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests among nations.3.我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。

但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。

We are proud of our accomplishment, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.4.信息现在唾手可得。

一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。

Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of an ordinary library.5.那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。

.Unit21 我跟你说，从各方面考虑，当教师不失为一个好主意。

事实上，我认为这个主意好极了。

You know what ?All things considered,it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. As a matter of fact,I think it is an excellent idea.2我不大喜欢你像刚才那样用讽刺的口气说话。

你好像老是在暗示，我是什么都不会的废物。

I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did . You seem tobe implying all the time that I am a good-for-nothing.3我爸能让我作最后决定，真是很体谅人。

我得说我够幸运。

不是很多人都有这么好的父亲。

It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me . I must sayI am very lucky.Not many people have such a terrific father.4你说你不要钱。

你可能不愿要，但你的确需要钱。

我看不出来大学生在课余时间挣点钱有什么错。

You said you do not want any money .You may not want money ,but you do need money .I don’t see what’s wrong with students earning some money during their spare time.5不知道为什么，这个曲调听起来很熟，但我就是记不起来了。

反正是一首俄罗斯民歌。

Somehow this tune sounds very familiar, but I can’t recall what it is. In anycase ,It is a Russian folk song.6除了一贯的周末家务，我明天还有一大堆家庭作业要做。

Lesson Four: The Nightingale and the Rose1. Group WorkⅠ. Genre and writing device1) This is a fairy tale. Fairy tales usually bear the following characteristics:A. They are primarily meant for children.B. They are full of supernatural or magical elements, imaginary persons, animals and objects.C. They use symbols to explain or reveal deeper meanings about life. (That’s why the best fairy tales such as those by Anderson contain deeper meanings and are also eagerly read by adults.)D. They are vivid, simple in narration, which is typical of the oral tradition of fairy tales.2) The writing techniques used in the writing include: personification, repetition, inversion, simile and metaphor. Find sentences from the text that contain these devices.A. Personification (treating sth that is without life as a human being or representing it in human from)B. Simile and metaphorSimile: …her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.…as white as the foam of the sea…Metaphor: ...and the cold crystal moonC. RepetitionD. InversionⅡ. Plot: A young student thought that he was madly in love with the professor’s daughter. He felt miserable because he could not find a single red rose in the whole garden to give to his love, and he knew that without the rose she would not agree to dance with him in the ball to be given by the prince the next day. The Nightingale overheard this and was deeply touched by what she believed was the expression of the young man’s true love. So she decided to help the young man, but she was told that the only way to get a red rose in this cold winter was for her to build it out of her music and her heart’s blood. The Nightingale of course also valued her life, but she was ready to lay down her own life for the happiness of the young couple. She therefore did what she was told to do. The next morning, the most beautiful red rose appeared, but the Nightingale was found dead under the rose-tree. Not knowing what it had cost to produce the rose, the student thought that he was very lucky to find this flower and he immediately plucked it and ran to the professor’s daughter. The professor’s daughter, however, turned him down because she had already agreed to dance with the Chamberlain’s nephew who had given her precious stones. The student was very angry, so he threw the rose away and returned to his reading.Ⅲ. StructurePart 1: Nightingale struck by the “the mystery of love”(Para. 1-12)Part 2: Nightingale looking for a red rose to facilitate the love (Para. 13-34)Part 3: Nightingale sacrificing her life for a red rose (Para. 35-45)Part 4: Student discarding the red rose (Para. 46-54)Ⅳ. Symbolic meanings of “Red rose”, “Lizard” “Butterfly” and “Nightingale”Red rose --- true love, which needs constant nourishment of passions of the lovers.Lizard --- cynic (cynical people).cynic: a person who sees little or no good in anything and who has no belief in human progress; person who shows this by sneering and being contemptuous.Nightingale --- a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious lifeStudent --- not a true lover, ignorant of love, not persistent in pursuing loveⅤ. What meaning did Wilde want to convey in this tale? What do you think is the Wildean attitude toward love, romance, art and philosophy?This is a touching story of love, but not the love between the young student and the professor’s daughter, because neither of them understood what true love is. The girl was interested only in power and money, and the young man, in what he considered practical. The only person who understood love, treasured love, and was ready to sacrifice her life for love was the Nightingale. For her love is eternal music, love is the most precious thing: even more precious than life itself, and true love is always in the giving rather than in the taking.The story however, contains some veiled comments on life. Oscar Wilde advocated the idea of art for art’s sake, so what the student said about the Nightingale’s music (“It has form, but no feelings”) could be viewed as a sarcastic response to the author’s critics. Wilde seemed to be saying here that he was like the Nightingale, singing song after song, producing love and beauty with blood from his heart, and yet the world was too stupid to understand and appreciate himIn Wilde’s comments in a letter to one of his friends (May 1888), he wrote:The nightingale is the true lover, if there is one. She, at least, is Romance, and the student and the girl are, like most of us, unworthy of Romance. So, at least, it seems to me, but I like to fancy that there may be many meanings in the tale, for in writing it I did not start with an idea and close it in form, but began with a form and strove to make it beautiful enough to have many secrets and many answers.Ⅵ. What is love? Is love better than life, as the Nightingale believed? Interview other students in your group and summarize your ideas.2. Language Pointsunder/ beneathunder below underneathover above under underbeneathThe four words all mean “in a lower position relatively to some other object or place”. 下方（任何位置）1) Below (opposed to above) applies to sth that is anywhere in a lower place than the object of reference.Under (opposed to over) applies to sth which is below in a relatively vertical line and it may imply actual covering. 正下方c.f. The village is under/ below the plane.2) Beneath is an equivalent of both below and under, but it may imply distance between the objects.e.g. the submarine beneath the ship. 距离较远3) Underneath is often used in place of under or beneath. It is, however, the preferred term when thereis the intent to imply complete or nearly complete concealment. 完全覆盖e.g. mines underneath the city/ garments worn underneath a dress4) Under is used when there is the intent to express movement from one side to another.从一面到另一面e.g. The boy crawled under the table.5) In its extended sense, beneath frequently suggests social, moral, or general inferiority. 身份地位低下e.g. She married beneath her./ He consider such a job beneath him. 下嫁/ 有失身份6) In their extended sense, under and below agree in expressing inferiority but differ in the immediacy ofthe relation expressed. Thus one officer may be below another in rank without being under him in immediate subordination.（职位低，不一定是下属）Similarly, with reference to deficiency, below is commonly used in general, under in more specific relations. 表示“低于”的时候，below笼统，under 具体e.g. those below him (those in a lower or inferior position, rank) 比他职位低的人those under him (those under his charge) 受他管理的人below the average standard/ below normal temperaturesthose under six years of age/ a temperature under 307) Fixed expressions: under cover, under way, under present situations, under construction(Under is more generally used.)blossom1) compareflower : a technical term, referring to the part of a plant, often beautiful, which produces seedsbloom : a flower, esp. a large one; a flower grown esp. to be looked at (大的、供观赏)的花blossom: a flower esp. of a fruit tree2) extended usea. flower: the best part, the most perfect 精华部分，精英，最佳部分e.g. S he was in the flower of her youth. 正值豆蔻年华The flower of the nation’s young men died in that battle. 优秀青年b. bloom: a time of perfection, vigor or beauty 开花期，繁荣时期，繁盛时期e.g. the bloom of youth / Our friendship is blooming.c. blossom: sth analogous to a natural blossom (freshness or development) 长成，发展成e.g. Mozart blossomed (as a composer) very early in life. 在童年就崭露头角After a shy girlhood, she is blossoming out into a beautiful young woman. 亭亭玉立3) Phrase: The roses are in full flower/ bloom/ blossom. (in bud)4) Parts of a flower: bud, petal, stalk (花梗), ovary(子房), sepals(花萼), stamens(雄蕊), thornPlants: daisy, rose, oak-tree, daffodilbosom1) comparebreast: either of two parts of a woman’s body that produce milk, or the smaller parts on man’s body (Longman) chest: upper front of the body from the neck to the stomach 胸部，胸腔bosom: woman’s breast, usu. used in its extended meaning: 胸怀，怀抱，关怀2) translate:I’ll keep it in my bosom. 牢记心中He grew up in the bosom of his family. 在家庭的关怀下长大bride1) People in a weddingbridebridegroombridesmaidbest manchillycool: moderate, refreshing coldness a cool breeze 凉爽chilly: coldness that makes one shiver (Twenty Years Ago) a chilly wind 凉飕飕cold: a general term, sometimes means just a lack of warmth cold wind 寒风frosty: very cold, cold with frost freezing wind 凛冽的寒风Other words: icy, frigid, freezingjewels/ plants/ animalsjewels opal plants daisy animals nightingale(gems) ruby rose lizardamber oak-tree butterflycrystal daffodil (fly, dragonfly, firefly)emeralds doveOther precious stones: diamond, sapphire, jade, topaz, pearlebb1) comparethe ebb and flow of (life): the regular increase and decrease of sth, constant fluctuation 消长，兴衰，起伏2) examplesHis courage is ebbing away.The tide is on/ at the ebb. (diminishing, declining) 退潮，每况愈下My luckfling1) comparecast: throw (formal or old fashion)fling: throw violentlyhurl: throw with force (over a long distance)e.g. cast a net/ spell/ toss (up) 扔钱币/ toss over2) Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meanings of “fling”.He flung his clothes on the floor with anger. (to throw violently, with force)猛地一扔She flung herself down on the sofa. (to move violently or quickly) 一把推/扑到在She flung back her head proudly. (to move violently or quickly) 一甩He flung himself into the task. (to devote to) 投身flush1) meaningMary’s face flushed (crimson) with embarrassment.blushedbecame red2) compareThe gunshot flushed a nightingale from the bush. (try to capture by forcing out)The bird still fluttered after it had been shot down. (move quickly and lightly up and down) arterymusical instrumentstringed instrument: harp, violinmusical instrument percussion instrument: drumwind instrument: pipe, hornbrass instrumentreed instrumentdelicateShe has a delicate hand = She has a small and beautiful hand.柔软的丝绸，娇嫩的皮肤delicate machine (carefully made, exquisite) 精巧的机器delicate china (fragile, easy to break or damage) 易碎的瓷器delicate sense of smell (sharp, sensitive) 敏锐的嗅觉微妙的delicacy: softness, tendernesssoarThe jet soared into the air. (The jet went up high in the air quickly) 急速升入高空Prices are soaring. (Prices are rising rapidly.) 物价飞涨Our spirits soared. (We suddenly feel very happy.) 精神高涨3. Expressionsfor/ from the want of a red rose wretchedbecause of the lack of a red rose miserable, unhappye.g. The plants died for/from want of water.He stayed home for want of anything better to do.They lived in want = They lived in povertyAre you in want of money? = in need ofsit lonely (adj.) –subject complementsit silentThe lizard laughed outright. the mouth of a riverburst out laughing. the foot of the pageGive me a red rose and I will sing you my sweetest song. (as a result of this)Come late again, and you will be fired.nip the buds nip sth in the budstop the growth of the buds stop or destroy sth at an early stage in its developmentstaincolor, dye, tarnishthe topmost spray of the rose treethe highest twig (small branch) of the rose tree (which bears buds, leaves or flowers)linger on in the skystayed in the sky, reluctant to leaveIt’s body trembled all over with ecstasyAll its body trembled with intense delightIt will not go with my dress.It will not match my dress.4. Dictation1. beneath 11. dedicate2. crimson 12. flutter3. bloom 13. cynic4. sincerity 14. bubble5. instrument 15. emerald6. ecstasy 16. linger7. crystal 17. jewel8. flush 18. splendid9. wretched 19. banish10. vein 20. artificialThe story tells of a young student who thought he was madly in love with the professor’s daughter. He felt miserable because he could not find a single red rose in the whole garden to give to his love, and without therose she would not agree to dance with him. The Nightingale overheard this and was deeply touched by what she believed was the expression of the young man’s true love. She decided to help the young man, but she was told that the only way to get a red rose in the severe winter was for her to build it out of her music and her heart’s blood. The Nightingale of course also valued her life, but she was ready to sacrifice her own life for the happiness of the young couple. The next morning, the most beautiful red rose appeared, but the Nightingale was found dead under the rose-tree. Not knowing what it had cost to produce the rose, the student thought that he was very lucky to find this flower and he immediately plucked it and ran to the professor’s daughter. The professor’s daughter, however, turned him down because she had already agreed to dance with the Chamberlain’s nephew who had given her precious stones. The student was very angry, so he threw the rose away and returned to his reading.。

Unit 4account n.账户；解释；账目，账单；理由vi.解释；导致；报账vt.认为；把…视为acknowledge vt. 承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的aesthetic adj. 美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的anonymity n. 匿名；匿名者；无名之辈balding adj. 变秃的behave vi. 表现；（机器等）运转；举止端正；（事物）起某种作用vt. 使守规矩；使表现得…belt n. 带；腰带；地带vt. 用带子系住；用皮带抽打vi. 猛击blast n. 爆炸；冲击波；一阵vi. 猛攻vt. 爆炸；损害；使枯萎budget n. 预算，预算费vt. 安排，预定；把…编入预算vi. 编预算，做预算adj. 廉价的casualty n. 意外事故；伤亡人员；急诊室challenge n. 挑战；怀疑vt. 向…挑战chaotic adj. 混沌的；混乱的，无秩序的chunk n. 大块；矮胖的人或物clash n. 冲突，不协调；碰撞声，铿锵声vi. 冲突，抵触；砰地相碰撞，发出铿锵声vt. 使碰撞作声collision n. 碰撞；冲突；（意见，看法）的抵触；（政党等的）倾轧commitment n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身conclusion n. 结论；结局；推论congressional adj.国会的；会议的；议会的crash n. 撞碎；坠毁；破产；轰隆声；睡觉vi. 摔碎；坠落；发出隆隆声；破产vt. 打碎；使坠毁、撞坏；擅自闯入desperate adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的dip vt. 浸，泡，蘸；舀取；把伸入vi. 浸；下降，下沉；倾斜；舀，掏n. 下沉，下降；倾斜；浸渍，蘸湿distinction n.区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章doze vi. 打瞌睡；假寐vt. 打瞌睡度过n. 瞌睡element n. 元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境emotional adj.情绪的；易激动的；感动人的employee n. 雇员；从业员工essential adj. 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的n. 本质；要素；要点；必需品flight n. 飞行；班机；逃走vt. 射击；使惊飞vi. 迁徙flotation n. 浮选（等于floatation）freeze vi. 冻结；冷冻；僵硬vt. 使…冻住；使…结冰n. 冻结；凝固grope vi. 摸索；探索vt. 摸索n. 摸索；触摸gull n. [鸟] 鸥；笨人；易受骗之人vt. 骗；欺诈harsh adj. 严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的helicopter n. [航] 直升飞机vi. [航] 乘直升飞机vt. 由直升机运送high adj.高的；高级的；崇高的；高音调的n. 高水平；天空；由麻醉品引起的快感；高压地带adv. 高；奢侈地immovable adj.不动的；固定的；不改变的impact vt. 影响；撞击；冲突；压紧vi. 冲击；产生影响n. 影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力impersonal adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；非人称的n.非人称动词；不具人格的事物injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的jet n. 喷射，喷嘴；喷气式飞机；黑玉adj. 墨黑的vt. 射出vi. 射出；[航] 乘喷气式飞机lifeline n. 生命线；救生索likewise adv. 同样地；也location n. 位置；地点；外景拍摄场地monument n.纪念碑；历史遗迹；不朽作品vt. 为…树碑preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎n.保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品occasion n. 时机，机会；场合；理由vt. 引起，惹起possibility n. 可能性；可能发生的事物presidential adj. 总统的；首长的；统辖的principle n. 原理，原则；主义，道义；本质，本义；根源，源泉proof n.证明；证据；校样；考验；验证adj.防\耐…的；不能透入的；证明用的vt. 试验；校对；使不被穿透remark n. 注意；言辞vt. 评论；觉察vi. 谈论represent vt.代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送vi. 代表；提出异议section n.截面；部分；部门；地区；章节vi. 被切割成片；被分成部分vt.把…分段；将…切片；对…进行划分skid n.打滑；刹车；滑轨，滑动垫木vt. 刹住，使减速；滚滑vi. 打滑slap vt. 拍击；侮辱；掌击；掴…的耳光n. 掴；侮辱；掌击；拍打声vi. 掴；拍击adv. 直接地；猛然地；恰好standoff n. 和局；僵持；冷淡；平衡adj. 冷淡的；有支架的stewardess n. 女管家；女干事；女服务员stick vt. 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴vi. 坚持；伸出；粘住n. 棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人stunning adj. 极好的；使人晕倒的；震耳欲聋的v.把…打昏；使震耳欲聋；使大吃一惊survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物tragedy n. 悲剧；灾难；惨案unidentified adj. 未经确认的；未辨别出的，身分不明的unique adj. 独特的，稀罕的；[数] 唯一的，独一无二的n. 独一无二的人或物universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的n. 一般概念；普通性。

（完整版）现代大学英语第二册精读单词大学精读第二册第一单元accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully; achievementacquire v. to gain; to get for oneself by one's own workarrogantly adv. behaving in a proud and self-important way aspirin n. 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）assume v. to take as a fact; to supposeavailable adj. able to be used or easily foundbachelor n. ～'s degree: the first university degreebeanpole n. (informal) a very tall and thin personbull n. a male cowcertify v. to state that sth. is true or correct, esp. after some kind of testcivilized adj. educated and refined; having an advanced cultureclient n. a person who pays for help or advice from a person or organizationcontinuity n. the state of being continuouscyanide n. 氰化物democratic adj. based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights and should be involved in making important decisions 民主的disaster n. a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering. Here: a complete failure drugstore n. (AmE) a shop which sells medicine (and a variety of other things)enroll v. to officially arrange to join a school or universityexpertise n. skill in a particular fieldexpose v. to enable sb. to see or experience new things or learn about new beliefs, ideas, etc. faculty n. (AmE) all the teachers of a university or collegefragment n. a small piece of sth.generate v. to producegrind v. to crush into small pieces or powder by pressing between hard surfaceship n. the fleshy part of either side of the human body above the legshumanity n. the qualities of being humanimplicitly adv. in an implied way 含蓄地inevitable adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoidliteral adj. in the basic meaning of a wordmaintain v. to continue to have as beforeNeanderthal n. an early type of human being who lived in Europe during the Stone Age nevertheless adv. in spite of that; yetpeculiar adj. belonging only to a particular person; special; oddpenetrating adj. showing the ability to understand things clearly and deeplypest n. (informal) an annoying personpharmacy n. a shop where medicines are prepared and sold. Here: the study of preparing drugs or medicinesphilosophy n. the study of the nature and meaning of existence, reality, etc. 哲学pill n. a small solid piece of medicine that you swallow whole preside v. to lead; to be in chargeprofessional adj. relating to the work that a person does foran occupation, esp. work that requires special training pursuit n. the act of trying to achieve sth. in a determined waypush-button adj. using computers or electronic equipment rather than traditional methods qualified adj. having suitable knowledge or experience for a particular jobrear v. to care for a person or an animal until they are fully grownresources n. possessions in the form of wealth, property, skills, etc. that you have 资源savage n. an uncivilized human beingscroll n. Here: a certificate of an academic degreesemester n. one of the two periods into which the year is divided in American high schools and universities (=term in BrE) sensitive adj. able to understand or appreciate art, music or literatureshudder v. to shake uncontrollably for a momentspecialize v. to limit all or most of one's study to particular subjects 专修species n. (informal) a type; a sortspecimen n. Here: a person who is unusual in some way and has a quality of a particular kind spiritual adj. related to your spirit rather than to your body or mindstore v. to keepsuffice v. to be enoughAristotle 亚里士多德Bach 巴赫Chaucer 乔叟Dante 但丁Einstein 爱因斯坦Hamlet 哈姆雷特Homer 荷马La Rochefoucauld 拉罗什富科Shakespeare 莎士比亚Virgil 维吉尔第二单元alert adj. watchful and ready to meet dangerbirch n. 桦树bough n. a main branch of a treecabin n. a small roughly built housechase v. to drive away; to cause to leavecreek n. a long narrow streamcrouch v. to lower the body close to the ground by bending the knees and backcub n. a young meat-eating wild animal like bear, lion, tiger, wolf, etc.detain v. to keep sb. from leaving during a certain timedim v. to become less brightdoc n. (informal AmE) a doctordrift v. to be driven along by windflake n. a very small flat thin piece that breaks away easily from sth. else; snow ～: 雪花grasshopper n. 蚱蜢howl n. a long loud cry, esp. made by wolves as in pain, anger, etc.leap v. to jump high into the airlick v. to move the tongue across the surface of sth. in order to eat it or clean itmantle n. a loose outer sleeveless garment. Here it is used figuratively.meadow n. a field with wild grass and flowersmischievous adj. eager to have fun by playing harmless tricks muzzle n. the nose and mouth of an animal such as a dog, a wolf or a horsenumb adj. unable to feel anything because of coldnesspace n. a single step in running or walkingpartner n. sb. who does the same activity with you 伙伴paw n. an animal's foot that has nails or clawspierce v. to make a hole in or through (sth.) using sth. with a sharp pointpine n. 松树poke v. to push or move sth. through a space or openingpuppy n. a young dog ("puppy-wool" here refers to the wool of the wolf cub)realize v. to understandrestless adj. unwilling or unable to stay quiet and stillrifle n. a type of gun fired from the shoulderrocket n. 火箭rooster n. (AmE) a cockrumble n. a deep continuous rolling soundshack n. a small and not very strong buildingshiver v. to shake, esp. from cold or fearslash v. to make a long deep cut with sth. sharp like a knife smother v. to cover thicklysnarl n. a low angry sound while showing the teethsoaked adj. very wet with some liquidspear v. 用鱼叉刺spurt v. to come out quickly and suddenly in a thin, powerful streamsquat v. to sit with your knees bent under you, your bottom off the ground, and balancing on your feet 蹲；蹲坐squirrel n. a small animal with a long furry tail that climbs trees and eats nuts 松鼠stir v. to move slightlythicken v. to become thickerthrill v. to feel very happy and excitedtoll n. to take a ～: to have a very bad effect on sb. or sth.trapper n. a person who catches wild animals for their furunchained adj. without a chainwhimper v. to make low crying soundswiggle v. (infml) to move in small movements from side to side, or up and downwolf n. a wild animal that looks like a large dog and lives and hunts in groupswool n. the soft thick hair of sheep and some goats (Here it refers to the hair of the wolf.)第三单元approval n. official permissionbond n. a written document in which a government or company promises to pay back money that it has borrowed, often with interest 债券certainty n. the state of being certaincommit v. to do sth. wrong or illegalcontribution n. sth. you say or do in order to help make sth. successful 贡献convict v. to find sb. guilty of a crime, esp. in a court of law n.a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prisoncostly adj. having a high price; expensivecourt n. a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jurycurrent adj. belonging to the present timedecade n. a period of 10 yearsdeter v. to discourage; to persuade sb. not to do sth., by making him realize it will be difficult or will have unpleasant resultsdismiss v. to ～a court case: to stop a court case before a result is reachedelite adj. considered to be the best of their kind 属于精英的，最好的estimate n. a calculation of a quantity or number 估计evidence n. the information used in a court of law to try to prove sth.execute v. to kill sb. as a lawful punishment for a serious crimefeasible adj. able to be carried out or donefeature n. a typical part or qualityillustrate v. to show sth. by giving related examplesimprison v. to put in prisoninmate n. one who is kept in a prisonmaximum adj. the largest number or amountnonetheless adv. in spite of that; yet; neverthelessnontraffic adj. not related to trafficobservation n. what one has noticedoffender n. sb. who is guilty of a crime; a criminaloffense n. an illegal action or a crimeper prep. for eachpersonnel n. all the people employed in a particular organizationprecisely adv. exactlyprior adj. happening beforeproperty n. belongings; possessionsprosecute v. to bring a criminal charge against sb. in a court of lawrate n. the speed at which sth. happens over a period of time reality n. the real situation; the real state of affairsreject v. to refuse to acceptSaudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯severity n. the state of being severesocial adj. relating to societysolution n. a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situationstatistics n. facts shown in numbersteenage adj. aged between 13 and 19theft n. the crime of stealingtough adj. determined and strictvictim n. a person who suffers as a result of other people's criminal actions, etc.violence n. the use of force to hurt other people physicallyvoter n. a person who has the legal right to vote, esp. in a political electionwitness n. a person who tells in a court of law what he saw or what he knows about a crimeAlcatraz阿尔卡特拉兹（美国圣弗兰西斯科湾——即旧金山湾——的小岛，1933—1963年为一座联邦监狱所在地。