【物理】2009届上海市高三第一次六校联考

2009届高三12月份六校联考物理试卷本试卷共8页,19小题,满分150分.考试用时l20分钟.命题人：中山纪念中学高三物理备课组 一、选择题(本大题共l2小题,每小题4分,满分48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有一个或一个以上选项符合题目要求,全部选对得4分,选不全得2分,有选错或不答的得0分.)1.下列叙述符合物理学史实的有( )A.奥斯特发现了电流的磁效应,并提出了分子电流假说B.牛顿总结出了万有引力定律,卡文迪许利用扭秤实验装置测出了引力常数C.安培提出了磁场对运动电荷的作用力公式D.亚里斯多德认为力是维持物体运动的原因2.传感器可将非电学量转化为电学量,起自动控制作用.如计算机鼠标中有位移传感器,电熨斗、电饭煲中有温度传感器,电视机、录像机、影碟机、空调机中有光电传感器等.演示位移传感器的工作原理如图所示,物体M 在导轨上平移时,带动滑动变阻器的金属滑杆P ,通过电压表显示的数据,来反映物体位移x 的大小.假设电压表是理想的,则下列说法正确的是( )A.物体M 运动时,电源内的电流不会发生变化B.物体M 运动时,电压表的示数会发生变化C.物体M 运动时,电路中没有电流D.物体M 不动时,电压表没有示数3.如图所示,在正六边形的a 、c 两个顶点上各放一个带正电的点电荷,电荷量大小都是q 1,在b 、 d 两个顶点上各放一个带负电的点电荷,电荷量大小都是q 2,且q 1>q 2.已知六边形中心O 点处的场强可用图中的四条有向线段中的一条来表示,它是( )A. E 1B. E 2C. E 3D. E 44.如图所示电路中,电源电压不变,R 1是光敏电阻,在没有光照射时,a 、b 两点电势相等,当用光照射R 1时,则( ) A.R 1电阻变小,a 点电势高于b B.R 1电阻变小,a 点电势低于b C.R 1电阻变大,a 点电势高于bD.R 1电阻变大,a 点电势低于b5.2008年北京奥运会上,继8月12日中国体操男队夺得奥运会体操男子团体冠军之后,中国体操女队也在13日的团体决赛中获得第一枚奥运会的女子体操团体金牌.关于体操表演的下列说法正确的是( )A.身体呈水平姿势支撑于鞍马上时运动员对鞍马的压力大于运动员受到的重力B.在平衡木上后空翻时运动员也处于平衡状态C.双手握住单杠进行大回环的过程中运动员可能超重也可能失重D.跳马时,整个人体腾起沿弧线腾跃到最高点时运动员的速度为零 6.如图所示,用绳OA 、OB 和OC 吊着重物P 而处于静止状态,其中绳OA 水平,绳OB 与水平方向成θ角.现用水平向右的力F 缓慢地将重物P 拉起,用F A 和F B 分别表示OA 绳和OB 绳的张力,则( ) A.F A 、F B 、F 均增大 B.F A 增大,F B 不变,F 增大dcF7.如图所示,光滑绝缘杆固定在水平位置上,使其两端分别带上等量同种正电荷Q 1、Q 2,杆上套着一带正电小球,整个装置处在一个匀强磁场中,磁感应强度方向垂直纸面向里,将靠近右端的小球从静止开始释放,在小球从右到左的运动过程中,下列说法正确的是( ) A.小球受到的洛伦兹力大小变化,但方向不变B.小球受到的洛伦兹力将不断增大C.小球的加速度先减小后增大D.小球的电势能一直减小8.2008年9月27日16时40分,我国航天员翟志刚打开“神舟”七号载人飞船轨道舱舱门,首度实施空间出舱活动,在茫茫太空第一次留下中国人的足迹.翟志刚出舱时,“神舟”七号的运行轨道可认为是圆周轨道.下列关于翟志刚出舱活动的说法正确的是( ) A.假如翟志刚握着哑铃,肯定比举着五星红旗费力B.假如翟志刚自由离开“神舟”七号,他将在同一轨道上运行C.假如没有安全绳束缚且翟志刚使劲向前推“神舟”七号,他一定会沿竖直线自由落向地球D.假如“神舟”七号上有着轮船一样的甲板,翟志刚在上面行走的步幅将比在地面上大 9.如图所示,传送带的倾角为θ=530,AB 的长度为37.5m.传送带以11m/s 的速度运动.在传送带的上端A,无初速度地放一个质量为0.5kg 的物体,它与传送带之间的动摩擦因数为0.5.则物体从A 运动到B 所用的时间可能为( ) (已知sin530=0.8,cos530=0.6,g 取10m/s 2)A. 3.0sB. 2sC. s 15D.4s10.一个匀强电场的电场强度随时间变化的图像如图所示,在这个匀强电场中有一个带电粒子，在t=0时刻由静止释放，若带电粒子只受电场力的作用，则电场力的作用和带电粒子的运动情况是( )A.带电粒子将向一个方向运动B.0—3s 内,动量的变化量等于0,电场力做的功也等于0C.3s 末带电粒子回到原出发点D.2s —4s 内，动量的变化量不等于0,而电场力做的功等于0 11.如图所示,在屏MN 的右方有磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场,磁场方向垂直纸面向里.P 为屏上的一小孔.PC 与MN 垂直.一群质量为m 、带电量为-q 的粒子(不计重力),以相同的速率从P 处沿垂直于磁场的方向射入磁场区域.粒子入射方向在与磁场B 垂直的平面内,且散开在与PC 夹角为θ的范围内.则在屏MN 上被粒子打中的区域的长度为( )qBmv A θcos 2.qBmv B 2.qBmv C )sin 1(2.θ-qBmv D )cos 1(2.θ-12.如图(a)所示,用一水平外力F 拉着一个静止在倾角为θ的光滑斜面上的物体,逐渐增大F ,物体做变加速运动,其加速度a 随外力F 变化的图像如图(b)所示,若重力加速度g 取10m/s 2.根据图(b)中所提供的信息可以计算出( ) A.物体的质量B.斜面的倾角C.D.加速度为6m/s 2时物体的速度(a)A B 530Q Q 2 左 右二、非选择题(本大题共7小题,共102分,按题目要求作答.解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程和重要演算步骤,只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.请注意把13~15题答案写在答卷上)13.(10分)(1)如图所示是在“测量电源电动势和内阻”的实验中,根据某次的记录数据画出的U-I 图象.从图象中可知, 电源电动势为_______V ,内阻为______Ω,短路电流为_______A.(2)如果一艘船所受阻力与船速成正比．当船速为4.0km/h 时需要发动机的功率为7.5kw ，当船速为12km/h 时, 需要发动机的功率为__________kw,船所受阻力为___________N.14.(12分)如图甲所示,用包有白纸的质量为m(kg)的圆柱棒代替纸带和重物,蘸有颜料的毛笔固定在电动机上并随之转动,代替打点计时器.当烧断悬挂圆柱棒的线后,圆柱棒竖直自由下落,毛笔就在圆柱棒表面的纸上画出记号,如图乙所示,设毛笔接触棒时不影响棒的运动.测得记号之间的距离依次为20.0mm,44.0mm,68.0mm,92.0mm,116.0mm,140.0mm,已知电动机铭牌上标有“1200r/min ”字样,由此验证机械能守恒.根据以上内容,回答下列问题:(1)毛笔画相邻两条线的时间间隔T=_________s,图乙中的______端是圆柱体的悬挂端(填“左”或“右”)(2)根据图乙所给的数据,可知毛笔画下记号C 时,圆柱棒下落的速度v C =_______m/s;画下记号D 时,圆柱棒下落的速度v D =________m/s;记号C 、D 之间重力势能的变化量为_________J,棒的动能变化量为_________J.(g 取9.8m/s 2,结果保留三位有效数字)15.(13分)某物理兴趣小组在“测定金属丝电阻率”实验中碰到了下列问题,请你帮助他们完成该实验.(1)需要测量的物理量有:金属丝的电阻R x ,金属丝的直径d 和金属丝的长度L,计算金属丝电阻率的表达式是:ρ=_____________(用所测量的字母表示). (2)实验中用游标卡尺测量金属丝的长度L 时,如图甲所示L=_______cm;用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径d 时,测量结果如图乙所示,则金属丝的直径d=________mm.甲乙0 10 20101112(3)如图所示是测量金属丝电阻R x 的电路图,由于电压表和电流表的内阻会对实验产生影响,使测量出现误差,为使测量更准确,按以下操作分别测有两组数据:S 接a 时,电压表、电流表示数分别为U 1、I 1;接b 时,电压表、电流表示数分别为U 2、I 2.①在实物图上用实线代替导线连接好S 接b 时的电路(两电表左端接线柱均为“-”)②如果电压表示数变化很小,电流表示数变化较大,待测电阻测量值R x =__________;③如果电流表示数变化很小,电压表示数变化较大,待测电阻测量值R x =______________,该值较真实值偏_______ (“大”或“小”).④为了减小偶然误差,可采取的措施是_____________________________________________.R xR 0S 0S2009届高三12月份六校联考物理答卷13. (10分)(1)__________V , _________Ω, _________A;(2)_____________kw,______________N14.(12分) (1)__________s,_______端;(2)_____________m/s,__________m/s,______________J, ______________J.15. (13分)(1)ρ=_______________;(2)___________cm,___________mm;(3)①连接按S 接b 时的电路(两电表左端接线柱均为“-”)②________ ③_________ ________④___________________________________________________________________________ 16.(16分)(1)在四川汶川抗震救灾中,武警战士从直升机上通过一根竖直的长绳由静止开始滑下,经一段时间落地.某武警战士下滑过程中轻绳在竖直方向上对武警战士的作用力F 随时间变化情况如图所示,不计空气阻力,已知该武警战士质量m=60kg,从开始下滑至脚触地,共经历12s,在计算中武警战士可视为质点,g 取10m/s 2.求:①该武警战士在下滑过程中的最大速度; ②从开始下滑到武警战士脚刚触地过程中,重力对武警战士所做的功.2 4 6 8 10 12 RxR 0S 0S试室号___________ 座位号_________ 考号________________ 班次________ 姓名_________________(2)利用航天飞机,宇航员可以到太空维修出现故障的人造地球卫星.已知一颗人造地球卫星在离地高度一定的圆轨道上运行.当航天飞机接近这颗卫星并与它运行情况基本相同时,速度达到了6.4km/s.取地球半径R=6400km,地球表面重力加速度为g=9.8m/s2,求这颗卫星离地面的高度17.(16分)如图所示,两个形状、大小相同的小球A、B,A球质量为1.5kg, B球质量为0.5kg开始A球不带电,静止在高h=0.88m的光滑平台上,B球带0.3C的正电,用长L=1m的细线悬挂在平台上方,整个装置放在竖直向下的匀强电场中,场强大小E=10N/C.现将细线拉开角度α=600后,由静止释放B球,B球在最低点与A球发生对心碰撞,碰撞时无机械能损失,且碰撞后两球电量相等,若碰后立即使B球不带电,不计空气阻力,取g=10m/s2,求:(1)B球摆至最低点时的速率;(2)A球从离开平台至着地的过程中水平位移的大小.18.(17分)如图所示,挡板P 固定在足够高的水平桌面上,小物体A 和B 的大小可忽略,它们分别带有+Q A 和+Q B 的电荷量,质量分别为m A 和m B .两物块由绝缘的轻弹簧相连,一不可伸长的轻绳跨过定滑轮O,一端与B 连接,另一端连接一轻质小钩,且O 、B 间的细绳水平.整个装置处于场强大小为E 、方向水平向左的匀强电场中.A 、B 开始时静止,已知弹簧的劲度系数为k,不计一切摩擦及A 、B 间的库仑力,且设A 、B 所带电荷量保持不变,B 不会碰到滑轮. (1)小钩上未挂重物时,弹簧的形变量;(2)现在小钩上挂一质量为M 的物块C 并由静止释放,若物块A 恰好能离开挡板P ,则物块C 下落的最大距离是多少?(3)若物块C 的质量改为2M,则当物块A 刚离开挡板P 时,B 的速度为多大?试室号___________ 座位号_________ 考号________________ 班次________ 姓名_________________19.(18分)如图所示的直角坐标系中,在直线x= -2L0到y轴区域内存在着两个大小相等、方向相反的有界匀强电场,其中x轴上方的电场方向沿y轴负方向,x轴下方的电场方向沿y轴正方向.在电场左边界上A(-2L0,-L0)到C(-2L0,0)区域内,连续分布着电荷量为+q、质量为m的粒子.从某时刻起由A点到C点间的粒子,依次连续以相同的速度v0沿x轴正方向射入电场.若从A点射入的粒子恰好从y轴上的A'(0,L0)沿x轴正方向射出电场,其轨迹如图中虚线所示.不计粒子的重力及粒子间的相互作用.(1)求匀强电场的电场强度E;(2)求在AC间还有哪些位置的粒子,通过电场后也能沿x轴正方向运动?(3)若以直线x=2L0上的某点为圆心的圆形区域内,分布着垂直于xoy平面向里的匀强磁场,使沿x 轴正方向射出电场的粒子,经磁场偏转后,都能通过直线x=2L0与圆形磁场边界的一个交点处,而便于被收集,则磁场区域的最小半径是多大?相应的磁感应强度B是多大?。

2009届上海市重点中学高三第一次六校联考物理试卷考生注意：1、本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题卷上（作图请用铅笔）。

22、本试卷g =10m/s3、计算题要求写出必要的文字说明，方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案，而未写出演算进程的，不能得分，有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。

（20分）填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题4分•不要求写出演算过程）1 •如图所示100个大小相同、质量均为m且无摩擦的球，静止放置于100两相互垂直且光滑的平面上，平面AB与水平面夹角为300,则第二个小球共受到_______ 个力的作用，第二个小球对第三个小球的作用力大小为_________ 。

2.—质点沿直线ox做加速运动，它离开O点的距离随时间t的变化关系为x=5+3t+2t ,其中x的单位是m, t的单位是s。

则该质点在运动中的加速度大小为___________ ，在t=0到t=2s间的平均速度为。

3•如图所示，在光滑水平面上，一绝缘细杆长为I，两端各固定着一个带电小球，处于水平方向、场强为E的匀强电场中,两小球带电量分别为+ q和一q,轻杆可绕中点O自由转动。

在轻杆与电场线夹角为0时，忽略两电荷间的相互作用，两电荷受到的电场力对O点的力矩大小为____________________ ，两电荷具有的电势能为___________ 。

4 .单位时间内垂直通过单位面积的声波能量达 1 X10-4J时，其声强为80分贝，超过80分贝就会影响到人们的正常生活。

喷气式飞机飞行时产生的噪音很强，其声源的功率是 3.14氷04W，假设其声源能量均匀地向整个空间传播，则以声源为球心的空间任一球面上每秒钟通过的声源能量是_________________________________ J,为了使飞机的噪音传到地面时其强度不超过80分贝，2则飞机飞行的高度不得低于_____________ m。

2008—2009学年度第一学期期末六校联考高二物理试题（理科）本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1-2页，第Ⅱ卷3-4页。

满分120分，考试时间100分钟。

注意事项：1．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卷和机读卡规定的位置上。

2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将机读卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

3．答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卷规定的位置上。

4．考试结束后，将机读卡和答题卷一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共40分）一、选择题（共10小题，每个小题只有一个正确答案，每小题４分，共40分）1．下列说法中正确的是：A．在一房间内打开一台冰箱的门，再接通电源，过一段时间后室内温度就会降低B．热量总是从热量较多的物体传递给热量较少的物体C．第二类永动机是不能制造出来的，尽管它不违反热力学第一定律，但它违反热力学第二定律D．机械能可以自发地全部转化为内能，内能也可以全部转化为机械能而不引起其他变化2．一定质量的理想气体被等温压缩时，压强增大，从微观上分析是因为：A．气体分子每次碰撞器壁的平均冲量加大B．器壁单位面积上在单位时间内受到分子碰撞的次数增多C．气体分子数目增大D．气体分子速度加大3．M、N为电场中某一条电场线上的两点，电场线方向如图所示，下列说法正确的是A．负电荷受电场力F M＞F N。

B．场强EM＞E N。

C．负电荷的电势能E pM＜E PN.D．电势差U MN＜0。

4．用绝缘细线将一个质量为m、带电量为q的小球悬挂在天花板下面，设空间中存在着沿水平方向的匀强电场。

当小球静止时把细线烧断，小球将做A．自由落体运动B．曲线运动C．沿悬线的延长线做匀加速直线运动D．变加速直线运动5．在无线电仪器中，常需要在距离较近处安装两个线圈，并要求当一个线圈中有电流变化时，对另一个线圈中的电流的影响尽量小.则下图中两个线圈的相对安装位置最符合该要求的是（超出考试范围）6．如图所示，条形磁铁放在水平桌面上，在其正中央的上方固定一根长直导线，导线与磁铁垂直，给导线通以垂直纸面向外的电流，则A ．磁铁对桌面压力减小，不受桌面的摩擦力作用B ．磁铁对桌面压力减小，受到桌面的摩擦力作用C ．磁铁对桌面压力增大，不受桌面的摩擦力作用D ．磁铁对桌面压力增大，受到桌面的摩擦力作用7．在一个闭合电路中，若只将外电阻R 变为原来的3倍，电流也随之变为原来的一半．那么电源的内电阻r 一定满足A ．r =RB ．r ＞RC ．r <RD ．r =08．如图所示甲分子固定在坐标原点O ，乙分子沿x 轴运动，两分子间的分子势能Ｅp 与两分子间距离的变化关系如图中曲线所示。

2009学年高三第一次六校联考(2009. 12)英语试卷考生注意：本卷共10页。

全卷满分150分；答卷时间120分钟。

第I卷17-24和第II卷答在答题卷上，其余将答案点涂在答题卡上。

第I 卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a railroad station. B. In an airport.C. In Beijing.D. In a post office.2. A. Tickets will be difficult to buy.B. All the tickets were sold out last week.C. The tickets will not go on sale until tomorrow.D. Many tickets are on sale.3. A. To save $150. B. To spend $200.C. To buy a new one. .D. To repair the old one.4. A. A heavier one. B. An expensive one.C. A lighter one.D. A racing one.5. A. Cold. B. Warm. C. Hot. D. Cool.6. A. The prettier dress. B. The dress that the man likes.C. The more comfortable dress.D. The new dress.7. A. The man doesn‟t want to see Mr. Williams.B. Mr. Jones is in an inferior position to Mr. Williams.C. Mr. Jones used to be in charge.D. Mr. Williams doesn‟t want to speak.8. A. She was feeling very sorry. B. She felt a bit annoyed.C. She was in a hurry.D. She was in her office.9. A. The man should work on his papers. B. The man should go to a movie.C. The man should buy a new pair of shoes.D. The woman wants to borrow shoes from him.10. A. It took a long time to fix the shower.B. The man waited for long but no one came to fix the shower.C. The woman called the front desk too early.D. Everybody was in hell.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To save natural resources for future use. B. To collect taxes.C. To teach and train citizens.D. To protect people and property.12. A. By selling services that make life comfortable.B. By collecting taxes.C. By selling coal and other natural products.D. By selling public lands.13. A. Environmental pollution and protection. B. Police efforts to protect people.C. Taxes and services for the public.D. People‟s attitude towards taxes.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech.14. A. On Monday afternoon. B. On Saturday evening.C. On Sunday night.D. On Tuesday morning.15. A. Seven B. Nine. C. Twelve. D. Twenty-five.16. A. The heavy snow. B. The concrete-and-glass roof.C. The terrorists.D. The architects and builders.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Earlier than the scientists had expected, it snowed ________ the night of November 10th this year.A. atB. inC. onD. for26. Of the most popular campus singers in their school this year, ________ came from Senior Three.A. noneB. no oneC. nothingD. both27. _______ it have been wrong directions from the control room that caused the air crash?A. MustB. CouldC. WouldD. Should28. The lady was so keen on the fur coat that she would have bought it even if it cost __________A. as twice muchB. much as twiceC. as much twiceD. twice as much29. Facing the economic depression, every possible means _________ this year to save the company from going bankrupt.A. has been triedB. has triedC. have been triedD. have tried30. To have a family reunion dinner at a restaurant, you need to reserve the restaurant and select dishes on the menu months before it, ______?A. don‟t youB. didn‟t youC. mustn‟t youD. needn‟t you31. After leaving his government service as a lawyer, _______.A. people were amazed by the music he composedB. many famous pieces were composedC. he created many famous compositions.D. composing music became the most important thing in his life.32. It was two months _______ the young man mastered the skill of running the machine introduced from Germany.A. sinceB. whenC. thatD. before33. Black boxes, ______ to record Flight data together with pilots‟ conversation and noises from the aircraft, are important for people to find out the cause of an air crash.A. designB. designingC. designedD. were designed34. The Black Friday after Thanksgiving Day is the busiest day of the holiday shopping season, _______ shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. that35. These three college students are real heroes because they risked _______ their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water.A. having lostB. to loseC. losingD. of losing36. After a careful discussion, the two parties have made a rough plan but the details ______ out later.A. are workedB. being workedC. to be workedD. are to be worked37. ______ really matters in sports is not the winning, but the taking part.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. How38. -----I serve him three meals a day and almost everything for him, but he still fails me.---- I‟m sorry to say that‟s ______ you are wrong. To give him whatever he wants will only spoil him.A. whereB. whatC. whyD. how39. In his attempt _______ the mountain, John fell and injured his backbone, which cost him the use of his legs.A. climbingB. to climbC. having climbedD. being climbed40. ___________, lack of clean fresh water presents an even greater threat.A. As bad as the air can beB. Bad as the air can beC. The air can be badD. As the air can be badSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Do you like movies and the cinema? If the answer is yes, then you‟ll love hearing that there is a 3D ____41_____in cinema entertainment coming.3D technology has been around for many years. The first 3D movie shown to a paying audience can be ____42____ down to as early as 1922. But now 3D movies are being ____43_____ on a large scale. This year, some major movie ____44_____ have released 3D movies, including the blockbuster Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and animations like Up and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs.But now does 3D movie technology work and why do you have to wear glasses while watching 3D movies?The technology is actually simple. When a director is making a 3D movie, he must have it filmed by two cameras, from two ___45_____ different angles, at the same time. Because it is filmed from different angles, if you watch the movie without the 3D glasses, it will look ___46_____. In the cinema, the movie is played on a special silver screen. When you watch the movie through the 3D glasses, each of your eyes sees from one of the different angles because each lens of the glasses only lets through one type of polarized light. This makes your brain think it is seeing 3D ___47_____.Unfortunately, there are some problems with 3D movies. Because the movie has to be filmed from two different angles, the filming of 3D movies is really ____48____. And, upgrading a screen to 3D and ____49_____ the projector can cost tens of thousands of dollars. So we might be waiting a while before every film is 3D, but itwill be worth the wait.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There is a close link between local climate and the occurrence or severity of some diseases and other threats to human health. Extreme temperatures can directly cause the __50____ of life. ___51___ several serious diseases appear only in warm areas. Finally, __52____ temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which __53____ harm human health. The most direct effect of ___54___ change would be the impact of hotter temperatures themselves. __55____ hot temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day for many reasons: People with heart problems are ___56___ because their heart and blood vessels system must work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather. Heat exhaustion and some breathing problems increase. Higher air temperatures also increase the concentration of ozone （臭氧）at ground ___57___. The natural layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere blocks harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation from reaching the earth‟s surface; but in the lower atmosphere, ozone is a(n) ___58___ pollutant. Ozone damages lung cells, and causes particular problems for people with lung diseases. ___59___ modest exposure to ozone can cause healthy individuals to ___60___ chest pains and sickness.____61__ -related deaths can be prevented by ___62___ measures to move people without proper protection to air-conditioned buildings, and by reducing the releasing of photochemical oxidants(光化氧化剂)which cause ground-level ozone. Many of the ___63___ of climate change on health could be avoided through maintenance of the strong public health programs to monitor, isolate, and treat the spread of infectious diseases and ___64___ to other health problems as they occur.50. A. loss B. change C. regret D. failure51. A. Moreover B. However C. Hence D. Instead52. A. local B. warm C. various D. moderate53. A. or else B. in turn C. in the way D. for the moment54. A. health B. diet C. climate D. time55. A. Greatly B. Considerably C. Adequately D. Extremely56. A. much safer B. hardly affected C. ill-protected D. barely attacked57. A. base B. standard C. space D. level58. A. harmful B. beneficial C. infectious D. useful59. A. But B. Even C. Thus D. Or60. A. resist B. cure C. experience D. reduce61. A. Pollution B. Exhaustion C. Breathing D. Heat62. A. emergency B. urgency C. tension D. stress63. A. signs B. impacts C. results D. causes64. A. apply B. reply C. respond D. directSection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I‟ll be the first to admit that I am a technophobe(对技术有恐惧感的人) . Who would have guessed that a website would help repay a 20-year-old loan?I‟ll always remember my last day at school. My best friend, Jenny, had organized a party in the Sixth Form Common Room.Jenny asked me to go to the supermarket with her to buy all the snacks. “I‟m really looking forward to this party, Stingy(小气),” she said. Everyone called me Stingy instead of Debbie because they thought I didn‟t like to spend money. Actually, it was true.“There‟s lots of money in the kitty. Let‟s go crazy！” Going crazy meant buying enough snacks to feed an army. It came to￡19.90, which was a lot of money in 1982.Jenny gave me a guilty look. “I‟ve left the kitty money in the common room. Can you pay and I‟ll give you back the money?”“Sure,” I replied, trying to look relaxed. “Neither a lender or a borrower be” was my motto but I didn‟t want to look stingy. I gave ￡20 to the impatient shop assistant.Well, the party was a great success. So great that I completely forgot about my loan until I was flying to America the next day. I was going to live with my uncle‟s family until I started university.I tried to get in touch with Jenny but her family had moved. My ￡20 was lost. Until…I‟d heard about a website called Friends Reunited which helped people contact old school friends. My husband helped me log on and find my school. There she was, Jenny Frost.“I‟m now married，with a beautiful daughter called Debbie. Does anyone know how to get in touch withDebbie …Stingy‟ Jones? I still owe her ￡20!We met two months later and the ￡20 was returned, plus interest of course. After all, I‟m a bank manager now, so loans are my business.65. Why did Jenny spend a lot of money on the snacks?A. Debbie had moneyB. There was money she could use.C. She wanted Debbie to stop being stingy.D. She wanted to be crazy.66. How did Debbie get her money at last?A. Her husband found Jenny.B. Jenny had a website on the Internet.C. Debbie met Jenny.D. Debbie put a message on the Friends Reunited website.67. Which sentence best describes Debbie Jones?A. She didn‟t like to spend money at school and doesn‟t like using computers.B. She sometimes lends money and doesn‟t like using computers.C. She sometimes lends money and uses the computer whenever she can.D. She only lends money to friends and doesn‟t like using computers.68. We know from the passage that Jenny________.A. liked parties at school and felt guilty about borrowing money.B. had fun at school but soon forgot about her school friends.C. forgot her best friends at school until she saw the Friends Reunited website.D. was forgetful about the money.(B)Phillip Island PenguinsThe Little Penguin(企鹅) has called Phillip Island home for many generations. Get to Phillip Island in plenty of time to watch a summer sunset at Summerland Beach----the stage is attractively set to see the Little Penguin leave water and step onto land.Leave Melbourne at 5:30 pm for a direct journey to Phillip Island.See the Gippsland area----Guinness Book of Record place for the world‟s longest earthworm.Journey along the coastal highway around the Bay with French Island and Churchill Island in the distance.Cross the bridge at San Remo to enter Phillip Island----natural home for Little Penguins and many animals.Take your place in special viewing stands (看台) to watch the daily evening performance of the wildLittle Penguins.Ultimate Penguins ( + U )Join a group of up to 15. This guided tour goes to an attractive, quiet beach to see Little Penguins. You can see penguins at night by wearing a special pair of glasses.Adult $60.00 Child $30.00Viewing Platform Penguin Plus (+V )More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands.Adult $25.00 Child $12.50Penguin Skybox ( +S )Join a group of only 5 in the comfort of a special, higher-up viewing tower. Gain an excellent overview of Summerland Beach.69. What kind of people is the text mainly written for _________.A. scientistsB. studentsC. touristsD. artists70. We can learn from the text that Little Penguins _________.A. have been on Phillip Islands for yearsB. keep a Guinness record for their sizeC. are trained to practice diving for visitorsD. live in large groups to protect themselves71. How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tour?A. $37.50B. $62.50C. $180.00D. $150.00(C)Telepathy?Telepathy is the ability to communicate without the use of the five senses. It‟s an instinct which can be woken up in times of emergency or need. When we feel that something is happening or about to happen by instinct, we‟re using resources within the unconscious mind. When the resources of two persons‟unconscious minds link together into the same frequency, we call it telepathy.We can either send or receive telepathy. If you know who is calling before you answer the ringing phone, you are probably a good receiver. If you think of a person and he/she calls you, you are most likely to be better at sending.You can easily put your ability to the test. Thinking of somebody and wish him or her to contact you. Be patient. The other person may not be a good receiver, but they should contact you much earlier than would normally be expected. Or whenever the phone rings, but try …feeling‟ who is contacting you. Don‟t guess, but tryto feel it with your mind. However, if neither of these works for you, that doesn‟t mean that you have no ability of telepathy. As mentioned earlier, telepathy is most likely to turn up in case of emergency.Telepathy dreams often contain telepathic messages. Two people may both dream of the other and find that their dreams have a clear connection. These people are probably linking to each other‟s unconscious mind.Telepathy & relationship. The more people spend time together, the more likely they are to be able to link up to the other‟s mind, especially when separated. There are two reasons for this. One is that they understand the other‟s mind through time spent together; the other is that there is usually a strong desire to communicate. A mother will often sense that her child is in danger. This is due to the child‟s eagerly wanting his or her mother, knowing that this is the person who would always want to be there for them, and the mother‟s deep desire to protect her child from harm.72. When does telepathy occur?A. It occurs when one senses that a close friend of his/her is in danger.B. It occurs when one has very good five senses.C. It occurs when one wants to call his/her best friend.D. It occurs when one doesn‟t know a stranger.73. Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage?A. Receiving TelepathyB. Telepathy: Mind-to-Mind ContactC. Telepathy: People‟s DreamD. Dream of Telepathy74. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The more people separate, the more likely that telepathy will occur.B. It is by using the five senses that telepathy occurs.C. Telepathy happens when people live far away and have no chance to see one another.D. One is better at sending than receiving telepathy if one receives a friend‟s call as one wishes.75. Which of the following belongs to telepathy?A. By accident, you are aware of a friend of yours is coming to see you.B. People‟s communication over the telephone.C. A mother‟s sense of her child is in danger.D. A couple‟s long separation.(D)People who sell goods and services over the telephone are called telemarketers. India, the Philippines, China and South Africa are among the countries where telemarketing is a growing industry. Others, such as Mauritius, want to enter the business.This should not be difficult for countries with the technology and interest. Many international companies have started to move their call centre jobs to nations where the wages are lower. People may have no idea if a call worker is on the other side of the world.Most call centres are used not only for telemarketing. Workers also help customers. They collect information for companies. And they handle claims and record keeping. In fact, India‟s call centre industry has been described as “the back office of the world”. About 70 companies there do telemarketing for American businesses.Some experts estimate that more than 250,000 telemarketing jobs have already moved out of the United States. These and other jobs in the services industry are expected to continue to leave the country.The Forrester Research group expects more than 3 million jobs in the services industry to move within the next fifteen years. It says that they will go to countries like India, Russian, China and the Philippines. As a result, the company says, the United States will lose more than 130,000 million dollars in wages.This amount could increase depending on how a legal battle over a nation …do not call‟ list is settled. More than 50 million Americans have signed on to a new government list to prevent phone calls from telemarketers. These calls often interfere with family time or dinner. The American government supports the do-not-call list, which took effect this month. Telemarketers could face large fines for violations, though some kinds of calls are still permitted.The industry says the list violates the right to free speech. In addition, lawmakers who represent areas with call centres worry about the loss of jobs. The fear is that more Americans call centres will close or move overseas if the list is enforced(强制执行).An appeal court ruled that the government may continue to enforce the do-not-call list for now at least. A final ruling could come from the United States Supreme Court.76. The passage is mainly about ________.A. how telemarketing is operatedB. how government deals with telemarketingC. the present situation of telemarketing in the USAD. telemarketing is growing rapidly in developing countries77. What is now happening in the American telemarketing business?A. Jobs are going to developing countries.B. The USA is giving up its market share.C. The American government will ban domestic telemarketing.D. There are still some conflicts unsettled.78. The word …violation ‟ refers to _______ according to the context.A. going on interfering with family time or dinnerB. continuing to call those who have signed the do-not-call listC. moving the call centres to developing countriesD. hiring more American telemarketers79. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the do-not-call list?A. The do-not-call list will be carried out by the government very soon.B. The dispute about the do-not-call list has not reached a final conclusion yet.C. People whose names appear on the do-not-call list welcome telemarketing.D. People making the law about do-not-call list have not thought for job losses.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80.Environmental groups in the United States are leading a campaign to save thousands of endangered sea turtles. They have asked Pope John Paul the Second to ban turtle meat during the Christian religious observance known as Lent. Christians observe Lent in preparation for the holiday of Easter.81. Environmental groups say illegal turtle hunting is one of the major threats to endangered sea turtles insouthern California and Mexico. It has been illegal to harvest and eat sea turtle meat in Mexico for more than ten years. However, demand for sea turtle meat is widespread in both Southern California and Mexico. Biologists believe that illegal hunting is one of the main reasons for the sharp drop in sea turtle population during the past thirty years.82.The week before Easter Sunday is an especially deadly time for the turtles. As many as 5000 turtles are killed during this time each year. Many Mexicans and Mexican Americans eat turtle meat during the days before Easter. Many people do not eat meat during this holy time in order to obey the rules of Lent. Because sea turtles swim, many people consider them to be fish. Fish is permitting during Lent.83.The Sea Turtle Conversation Network is a union of fishermen, environmental activists and researchers. They sent a letter to Pope John Paul, urging the Roman Catholic Church leader to officially declare that sea turtle flesh is meat, not fish or seafood. They say thousands of these endangered animals would be saved if people did not eat them during this religious period. The letter also asked members of the Catholic Church to obey laws banning the capture of turtles in Mexico and the United States.84.About 35,000 endangered sea turtles are killed illegally near the coasts of Baja, California each year. Studies have shown a sharp drop in the numbers of females. They travel from as far away as Japan to lay their eggs on local beaches. Environmental activists say hunting sea turtles for their meat is the main barrier to the recovery of the species. They have urged the governments of the United States and Mexico to improve enforcement of the ban on sea turtle harvesting.第II 卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你是否能成功取决于你有多努力。

上海市十校2009—2010学年度高三年级联考物 理 试 题2010年3月第I 卷一．单选题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）1．教材绪论中谈到社会的巨变时说到，近300年物理学经历了三次重大突破，每一次突破都给科学技术带来革命性的发展变化，下面叙述中不属于这三次突破的内容是（ ）（A ）牛顿力学和建立和热力学的发展 （B ）麦克斯韦创立了电磁理论 （C ）相对论、量子力学的创立（D ）计算机的发明和发展2．太阳能作为清洁能源越来越受到人们的重视和喜爱，下列与太阳能相关的说法中正确的是（ ）（A ）根据能量守恒定律，不存在着能源危机 （B ）太阳能是二次能源和新能源 （C ）太阳能是一种用之不竭的辐射能（D ）地球上的风能、水能、生物能都来源于太阳能 3．下列四个方程中，表示重核裂变的是（ ）（A ）2411Na →2412Mg ＋ 0－1e（B ）14 7N ＋42He →17 8O ＋11H （C ）23592U ＋10n →9236Kr ＋14156Ba ＋310n（D ）21H ＋31H →42He ＋10n4．如图甲是α、β、γ三种射线穿透能力的示意图，图乙是工业上利用射线的穿透性来检查金属内部的伤痕的示意图。

请问图乙中的检查利用的射线是（ ）（A ）α射线（B ）β射线（C ）γ射线（D ）三种射线都可以5．下列说法中正确的是（ ） （A ）质点、位移都是理想化模型（B ）牛顿第一定律、牛顿第二定律都可以通过实验来验证 （C ）单位m 、kg 、s 是一组属于国际单位制的基本单位（D ）长度、时间、力是一组属于国际单位制的基本单位的物理量6．万有引力的发现实现了物理学史上第一次大统一——“地上物理学”和“天上物理学”的统一。

它表明天体运动和地面上物体的运动遵从相同的规律。

牛顿在发现万有引力定律的过程中将行星的椭圆轨道设想成圆轨道；另外，还应用到了其他的规律和结论。

下面的规律和结论没有被用到的是（ ）（A ）牛顿第二定律（B ）牛顿第三定律（C ）开普勒的研究成果 （D ）卡文迪许通过扭秤实验得出的引力常数α βγ 甲7．类比是一种有效的学习方法，通过归类和比较，有助于掌握新知识，提高学习效率。

上海市六校2009届高三第二次联考物理试卷(2009. 03)考生注意：1、本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题卷上（作图请用铅笔）。

2、本试卷g =10m/s23、计算题要求写出必要的文字说明，方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案，而未写出演算过程的，不能得分，有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值．．和单位。

一．(20分) 填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题4分．不要求写出演算过程）1．如图所示，磁极间存在水平磁场，磁感应强度B为0.4T。

水平放置的导线AC与磁场方向垂直，导线每米长度的质量为0.1kg。

导线恰好悬在空中平衡，则导线中的电流方向是，电流大小为 A。

2．一物体从某一行星（星球表面不存在空气）表面竖直向上抛出。

从抛出时开始计时，得到如图所示的S-t图象，则该物体抛出后上升的最大高度为m，该行星表面重力加速度大小为m/s2，。

3．科学家通过天文观测发现太阳系外有一恒星，并测得有一行星绕该恒星一周的时间为1200年，行星与恒星的距离为地球到太阳距离的100倍。

假定该行星绕恒星的公转轨道和地球绕太阳的公转轨道都是圆周，则该行星与地球的公转速度之比为，该恒星与太阳的质量之比为。

4．一列简谐横波沿x轴正方向传播，在t=0时刻的完整波形如图所示。

当t=0.7s时，A点第4次位于波峰位置，B点首次位于波谷位置，则再经过_____s，A、B又再次回到平衡位置，此时A、B相距________m。

C5．如图(a)所示，AM 、BN 两光滑水平导轨放置在同一水平面内，间距为0.5m ，导轨电阻不计。

M 、N 之间连接一阻值为2 Ω的灯泡L 。

在虚线CD 右侧区域内有竖直向上的匀强磁场，CM=DN=1m ，磁场的磁感应强度B 随时间t 的变化图线如图(b)所示。

在t ＝0时，一阻值不计的金属棒在恒力F 作用下由静止开始从图示位置沿导轨向右运动，在金属棒到达MN 之前的过程中，小灯泡的亮度始终不变，则F 的大小为_______N ，金属棒的质量为_______kg 。

2009年普通高等学校招生统一考试物理试题（上海卷）
一、解答题
1. 利用图(a)实验可粗略测量人吹气产生的压强。

两端开口的细玻璃管水平放置，管内塞有潮湿小棉球，实验者从玻璃管的一端A吹气，棉球从另一端B飞出，测得玻璃管内部截面积S，距地面高度ℎ，棉球质量m，开始时的静止位置与管口B的距离x，落地点C与管口B的水平距离l。

然后多次改变x，测出对应的l，画出l2−x关系图线，如图(b)所示，并由此得出相应的斜率k。

（1）若不计棉球在空中运动时的空气阻力，根据以上测得的物理量可得，棉球从B端飞出的速度v0＝________。

（2）假设实验者吹气能保持玻璃管内气体压强始终为恒定值，不计棉球与管壁的摩擦，重力加速度g，大气压强p0均为已知，利用图(b)中倾斜直线的斜率k可得，管内气体压强p ＝________。

（3）考虑到实验时棉球与管壁间有摩擦，则（2）中得到的p与实际压强相比________（填“偏大”或“偏小”）。

2009年普通高等学校招生统一考试物理试题（上海卷）答案
1. l√g
2ℎ
p0+kmg 4Sℎ
偏小。

2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海试卷考生注意：1．答卷前.考生务必将姓名、准考证号、校验码等填写清楚.2．本试卷共10页.满分150分、考试时间120分钟、考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上.3．第20、21、22、23、24题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤、只写出最后答案.而未写出主要演算过程的.不能得分、有关物理量的数值计算问题.答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.一．（40分）选择题、本大题分单项选择题和多项选择题.共9小题.单项选择题有5小题.每小题给出的四个答案中只有一个是正确的.选对得4分；多项选择题有4小题.每小题给出的四个答案中.有二个或二个以上是正确的.选对的得5分；选对但不全.得部分分；有选错或不答的.得0分.把正确答案全选出来.并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内.填写在方括号外的字母.不作为选出的答案.I．单项选择题1．放射性元素衰变时放出三种射线.按穿透能力由强到弱的排列顺序是（）（A）α射线.β射线.γ射线（B）γ射线.β射线.α射线（C）γ射线.α射线.β射线（D）β射线.α射线.γ射线2．气体内能是所有气体分子热运动动能和势能的总和.其大小与气体的状态有关.分子热运动的平均动能与分子间势能分别取决于气体的（）（A）温度和体积（B）体积和压强（C）温度和压强（D）压强和温度3．两带电量分别为q和－q的点电荷放在x轴上.相距为L.能正确反映两电荷连线上场强大小E与x关系的是图（）E E E E（A）（B）（C）（D）4．做简谐振动的单摆摆长不变.若摆球质量增加为原来的4倍.摆球经过平衡位置时速度减小为原来的1/2.则单摆振动的（）（A）频率、振幅都不变（B）频率、振幅都改变（C）频率不变、振幅改变（D）频率改变、振幅不变5．小球由地面竖直上抛.上升的最大高度为H.设所受阻力大小恒定.地面为零势能面。

在上升至离地高度h处.小球的动能是势能的2倍.在下落至离高度h处.小球的势能是动能的2倍.则h等于（）（A）H/9 （B）2H/9 （C）3H/9 （D）4H/9II．多项选择题6．光电效应的实验结论是：对于某种金属（）（A）无论光强多强.只要光的频率小于极限频率就不能产生光电效应（B）无论光的频率多低.只要光照时间足够长就能产生光电效应（C）超过极限频率的入射光强度越弱.所产生的光电子的最大初动能就越小（D）超过极限频率的入射光频率越高.所产生的光电子的最大初动能就越大7．位于A、B处的两个带有不等量负电的点电荷在平面内电势Array分布如图所示.图中实线表示等势线.则（）（A）a点和b点的电场强度相同（B）正电荷从c点移到d点.电场力做正功（C）负电荷从a点移到c点.电场力做正功（D）正电荷从e点沿图中虚线移到f点.电势能先减小后增大8．牛顿以天体之间普遍存在着引力为依据.运用严密的逻辑推理.建立了万有引力定律。

2009届上海市高三年级第一次十四校联考物理试题（考试用时120分钟满分150分）一、（20分）填空题。

本大题共5小题，每小题4分。

答案写在答题卷题中横线上的空白处或指定位置，不要求写出演算过程。

1．在万有引力定律研究太阳系中的行星围绕太阳运动时，我们可以根据地球的公转周期，求出太阳的质量。

在运算过程中，采用理想化方法，把太阳和地球简化成质点，还做了和的简化处理。

2．一定质量的理想气体由状态A依次变化到状态B、C、D、A、E、C，整个变化过程如下右图所示。

已知在状态A时气体温度为320K，则状态B时温度为 K，整个过程中最高温度为 K．3．如图所示，电荷量为Q1、Q2的两个正点电荷分别置于A点和B点。

在以AB为直径的光滑绝缘半圆环上，穿着一个带点小球（可视为点电荷，重力可忽略），若带点小球在P点保持静止，则该小球带电荷（选填“正”或“负”或“正或负”），设这时连线PA与AB的夹角为a，则tan a= 。

4．在正三角形的三个顶点A、B、C上固定三个带等量正点的点电荷，其中心P点的电势为U1，与P点关于AB边对称的P’点的电势为U2，如图所示，则U1 U2（填“＞”、“＜”、“＝”），现取走B点的点电荷，则P’的电势为5．一物体在光滑水平面上的A点以一定初速度开始运动，同时受到一个与初速度方向相反的恒力作用，经时间t0力的大小不变，方向相反，使物体回到A点时速度恰为零。

则这一过程所需时间为。

二、（40分）选择题。

本大题分单项选择题和多项选择题，共9小题，单项选择题有5小题，每小题给出的四个答案中只有一个是正确的，选对得4分；多项选择题有4小题，每小题给出的四个答案中，有两个或两个以上是正确的。

选对的得5分；选对但不全，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分。

把正确答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在答题卷的表格内。

Ⅰ．单项选择题6．物体ABC均静止在同一水平面上，它们的质量分别为m A，m B，m C，与水平面间的动摩擦因数分别为μA，μB和μC，用平行于水平面的拉力F，分别拉物体A、B、C它们的加速度a与拉力F的关系图线如图所示，A、B、C对应的直线分别为甲、乙、丙，甲、乙两直线平行，则下列说法正确的是（）A．μA=μB，m A=m B； B．μB=μC，m A=m B；C．μA＞μB，m A＞m B；D．μB＜μC，m A＜m B。

2009年普通高等学校夏季招生考试物理（上海卷）一、选择题 ( 本大题共 9 题, 共计 40 分)1、(4分)放射性元素衰变时放出的三种射线，按穿透能力由强到弱的排列顺序是（）A.α射线，β射线，γ射线B.γ射线，β射线，α射线C.γ射线，α射线，β射线D.β射线，α射线，γ射线2、(4分)气体内能是所有气体分子热运动动能和势能的总和，其大小与气体的状态有关，分子热运动的平均动能与分子间势能分别取决于气体的（）A.温度和体积B.体积和压强C.温度和压强D.压强和温度3、(4分)两带电量分别为q和-q的点电荷放在x轴上，相距为L，能正确反映两电荷连线上场强大小E 与x关系的是图（）4、(4分)做简谐振动的单摆摆长不变，若摆球质量增加为原来的4倍，摆球经过平衡位置时速度减小为原来的1/2，则单摆振动的（）A.频率、振幅都不变B.频率、振幅都改变C.频率不变，振幅改变D.频率改变，振幅不变5、(4分)小球由地面竖直上抛，上升的最大高度为H，设所受阻力大小恒定，地面为零势能面.在上升至离地高度h处，小球的动能是势能的2倍，在下落至离地高度h处，小球的势能是动能的2倍，则h等于（）A. B. C.D.6、(5分)光电效应的实验结论是：对于某种金属（）A.无论光强多强，只要光的频率小于极限频率就不能产生光电效应B.无论光的频率多低，只要光照时间足够长就能产生光电效应C.超过极限频率的入射光强度越弱，所产生的光电子的最大初动能就越小D.超过极限频率的入射光频率越高，所产生的光电子的最大初动能就越大7、(5分)位于A、B处的两个带有不等量负电的点电荷在平面内电势分布如图所示，图中实线表示等势线，则（）A.a点和b点的电场强度相同B.正电荷从c点移到d点，电场力做正功C.负电荷从a点移到c点，电场力做正功D.正电荷从e点沿图中虚线移到f点电势能先减小后增大8、(5分)牛顿以天体之间普遍存在着引力为依据，运用严密的逻辑推理，建立了万有引力定律.在创建万有引力定律的过程中，牛顿（）A.接受了胡克等科学家关于“吸引力与两中心距离的平方成反比”的猜想B.根据地球上一切物体都以相同加速度下落的事实，得出物体受地球的引力与其质量成正比，即F∝m的结论C.根据F∝m和牛顿第三定律，分析了地、月间的引力关系，进而得出F∝m1m2D.根据大量实验数据得出了比例系数G的大小9、(5分)如图为竖直放置的上细下粗密闭细管，水银柱将气体分隔为A、B两部分，初始温度相同.使A、B升高相同温度达到稳定后，体积变化量为ΔV A、ΔV B，压强变化量为Δp A、Δp B，对液面压力的变化量为ΔF A、ΔF B，则（）A.水银柱向上移动了一段距离B.ΔV A＜ΔV BC.Δp A＞Δp B D.ΔF A=ΔF B二、填空题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 20 分)1、(4分)如图为双缝干涉的实验示意图,若要使干涉条纹间距变大可改用波长更__________(填“长”或“短”）的单色光;或者使双缝与光屏之间的距离__________(填“增大”或“减小”）.2、(4分)如图为某报警装置示意图.该报警装置在一扇门、两扇窗上各装有一个联动开关,门、窗未关上时,开关不闭合,只要有一个开关未闭合,报警器就会报警.该报警装置中用了两个串联的逻辑电路,虚线框甲内应选用___________门电路,虚线框乙内应选用___________门电路.(填“与”“非”或“或”)3、(4分)弹性绳沿x轴放置,左端位于坐标原点,用手握住绳的左端,当t=0时使其开始沿y轴做振幅为8 cm的简谐振动,在t=0.25 s时,绳上形成如图所示的波形,则该波的波速为________cm/s;在t=________s时,位于x2=45 m处的质点N恰好第一次沿y轴正向通过平衡位置.4、(4分)如图,金属棒ab置于水平放置的U形光滑导轨上,在ef右侧存在有界匀强磁场B,磁场方向垂直导轨平面向下.在ef左侧的无磁场区域cdef内有一半径很小的金属圆环L,圆环与导轨在同一平面内.当金属棒ab在水平恒力F作用下从磁场左边界ef处由静止开始向右运动后,圆环L有_________(填“收缩”或“扩张”）趋势,圆环内产生的感应电流_________(填“变大”“变小”或“不变”）.5、(4分)图示电路中R1=12 Ω,R2=6 Ω,滑动变阻器R3上标有“20 Ω2 A”字样,理想电压表的量程有0～3 V和0～15 V两挡,理想电流表的量程有0～0.6 A和0～3 A两挡.闭合电键S,将滑片P从最左端向右移动到某位置时,电压表、电流表示数分别为2.5 V和0.3 A;继续向右移动滑片P至另一位置,电压表指针指在满偏的1/3,电流表指针指在满偏的1/4,则此时电流表示数为_________A,该电源的电动势为_________V.三、实验题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 30 分)1、(8分) (1)用多用表的欧姆挡测量阻值约为几十千欧的电阻R x,以下给出的是可能的实验操作步骤,其中S为选择开关,P为欧姆挡调零旋钮.把你认为正确步骤前的字母按合理的顺序填写在下面的横线上.a.将两表笔短接,调节P使指针对准刻度盘上欧姆挡的0刻度,断开两表笔b.将两表笔分别连接到被测电阻的两端,读出Rx的阻值后,断开两表笔c.旋转S使其尖端对准欧姆挡×1 kd.旋转S使其尖端对准欧姆挡×100e.旋转S使其尖端对准交流500 V档,并拨出两表笔____________________________.根据下图所示指针位置,此被测电阻的阻值约为__________Ω.(2)(多选题)下述关于用多用表欧姆挡测电阻的说法中正确的是( )A.测量电阻时,如果指针偏转过大,应将选择开关S拨至倍率较小的挡位,重新调零后测量B.测量电阻时,如果红、黑表笔分别插在负、正插孔,则会影响测量结果C.测量电阻中的某个电阻,应该把该电阻与电路断开D.测量阻值不同的电阻时,都必须重新调零2、(6分)如图为伏打电池示意图,由于化学反应,在A、B两电极附近产生了很薄的两个带电接触层a、b.(1)(多选题)沿电流方向绕电路一周,非静电力做功的区域是( )A.RB.bC.rD.a(2)在如图所示回路的各区域内,电势升高的总和等于电源的____________.3、(6分)如图为“用DIS(位移传感器、数据采集器、计算机)研究加速度与力的关系”的实验装置.(1)在该实验中必须采用控制变量法，应保持________不变，用钩码所受的重力作为________，用DIS 测小车的加速度.(2)改变所挂钩码的数量，多次重复测量.在某次实验中根据测得的多组数据可画出a-F关系图线(如图所示).①分析此图线的OA段可得出的实验结论是________________________________.②(单选题)此图线的AB段明显偏离直线，造成此误差的主要原因是( )A.小车与轨道之间存在摩擦B.导轨保持了水平状态C.所挂钩码的总质量太大D.所用小车的质量太大4、(6分)利用图(a)实验可粗略测量人吹气产生的压强.两端开口的细玻璃管水平放置，管内塞一潮湿小棉球，实验者从玻璃管的一端A吹气，棉球从另一端B飞出.测得玻璃管内部截面积S，距地面高度h，棉球质量m,开始时的静止位置与管口B的距离x,落地点C与管口B的水平距离l.然后多次改变x,测出对应的l，画出l2-x关系图线，如图（b）所示，并由此得出相应的斜率k.(a) (b)(1)若不计棉球在空中运动时的空气阻力，根据以上测得的物理量可得，棉球从B端飞出时速度v0=______________.(2)假设实验者吹气能保持玻璃管内气体压强始终为恒定值，不计棉球与管壁的摩擦，重力加速度g,大气压强p0均为已知.利用图（b）中拟合直线的斜率k可得，管内气体压强p=________.(3)考虑到实验时棉球与管壁间有摩擦力，则（2）中得到的p与实际压强相比_________（填“偏大”或“偏小”）.5、(4分)光强传感器对接收到的光信号会产生衰减，且对于不同波长的光衰减程度不同，可以用φ表示衰减程度，其定义为输出强度与输入强度之比，即φ=I出/I入，下图表示φ与波长λ之间的关系.当用此传感器分别接收A、B两束光时，传感器的输出强度正好相同，已知A光的波长λA=625 nm,B光由λB1=605 nm和λB2=665 nm两种单色光组成，且这两种单色光的强度之比I B1∶I B2=2∶3. 由图可知φA=__________;A光强度I A与B光强度I B之比为__________.四、解答题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 60 分)1、(10分)质量为5×103 kg的汽车在t=0时刻速度v0=10 m/s,随后以P=6×104 W的额定功率沿平直公路继续前进，经72 s达到最大速度，设汽车受恒定阻力，其大小为2.5×103 N.求：（1）汽车的最大速度v m;(2)汽车在72 s内经过的路程s.2、(12分)如图，粗细均匀的弯曲玻璃管A、B两端开口，管内有一段水银柱，右管内气柱长为39 cm，中管内水银面与管口A之间气柱长为40 cm.先将B端封闭，再将左管竖直插入水银槽，设整个过程温度不变，稳定后右管内水银面比中管内水银面高2 cm.求：（1）稳定后右管内的气体压强p;(2)左管A端插入水银槽的深度h.(大气压强p0=76 cmHg)3、(12分)如图(a),质量m=1 kg的物体沿倾角θ=37°的固定粗糙斜面由静止开始向下运动，风对物体的作用力沿水平方向向右，其大小与风速v成正比，比例系数用k表示，物体加速度a与风速v的关系如图（b）所示.求：（1）物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ;(2)比例系数k.(sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8,g=10 m/s2)(a) (b)4、(12分)如图，质量均为m的两个小球A、B固定在弯成120°角的绝缘轻杆两端，OA和OB的长度均为l，可绕过O点且与纸面垂直的水平轴无摩擦转动，空气阻力不计.设A球带正电，B球带负电，电量均为q,处在竖直向下的匀强电场中.开始时，杆OB与竖直方向的夹角θ0=60°,由静止释放，摆动到θ=90°的位置时，系统处于平衡状态，求：（1）匀强电场的场强大小E；（2）系统由初位置运动到平衡位置，重力做的功W g和静电力做的功W e;(3)B球在摆动到平衡位置时速度的大小v.5、(14分)如图，光滑的平行金属导轨水平放置，电阻不计，导轨间距为l，左侧接一阻值为R的电阻，区域cdef内存在垂直轨道平面向下的有界匀强磁场，磁场宽度为s.一质量为m，电阻为r的金属棒MN 置于导轨上，与导轨垂直且接触良好，受到F=0.5v+0.4(N)(v为金属棒速度)的水平外力作用，从磁场的左边界由静止开始运动，测得电阻两端电压随时间均匀增大.(已知：l=1 m,m=1 kg,R=0.3 Ω,r=0.2 Ω,s=1 m)(1)分析并说明该金属棒在磁场中做何种运动;(2)求磁感应强度B的大小；（3）若撤去外力后棒的速度v随位移x的变化规律满足，且棒在运动到ef处时恰好静止，则外力F作用的时间为多少？（4）若在棒未出磁场区域时撤去外力，画出棒在整个运动过程中速度随位移变化所对应的各种可能的图线.2009年普通高等学校夏季招生考试物理（上海卷）一、选择题 ( 本大题共 9 题, 共计 40 分)1、(4分) B解析：γ射线是高频电磁波，β射线是速度为光速十分之九的电子流，α射线是速度为光速十分之一的、质量较大的氦原子核，它们的穿透能力依次减弱.2、(4分) A解析：温度是分子平均动能的标志，分子间的势能与分子间的距离有关，因此分子势能与气体的体积有关.3、(4分) A解析：根据等量异种电荷的电场线分布情况知，两电荷的连线上的场强先减小后增大.两电荷在连线上某点产生的场强方向相同，合场强不可能为零，选项A正确,B、C、D错误.4、(4分) C解析：单摆振动的频率与摆长和所在地的重力加速度有关，与质量、振幅大小无关，题中单摆振动的频率不变；单摆振动过程中机械能守恒，振子在平衡位置的动能等于其在最大位移处的势能，因此，题中单摆的振幅改变，选项C正确.5、(4分) D解析：设小球的初动能为E k0，阻力为f,根据动能定理，上升到最高点有，E k0=（mg+f）H，上升到离地面h点有，E k0-2mgh=（mg+f）h，从上升到离地面h点到下落到该点有，，解以上三式得.6、(5分) AD解析：根据光电效应规律知，选项A正确；根据光电效应方程知，对于某种金属（W不变），v越大，光电子的最大初动能越大，选项C错D对.7、(5分) CD解析：a点和b点的场强方向不同，选项A错误；正电荷从c点（低电势点）到d点（高电势点），电场力做负功，选项B错误；负电荷从a点（低电势点）到c点（高电势点），电场力做正功，选项C正确；选项D中，正电荷先从高电势到低电势点，再从低电势到高电势点，电场力先做正功后做负功，电势能先减小后增大，选项D正确.8、(5分) ABC解析：卡文迪许利用扭秤得出了比例系数G的大小，选项D错误.9、(5分) AC解析：假设水银柱不动，两气体发生等容变化，根据查理定律，有，其中p0、T0表示初始的压强和温度，初始压强p A＞p B，则Δp A＞Δp B，这说明水银柱向上移动了一段距离，选项AC正确；由于细管上细下粗，所以B气体的体积变化较小，选项B错误；ΔF A=Δp A S A＞ΔF B=Δp B S B，选项D错误.二、填空题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 20 分)1、(4分) 长增大解析：干涉条纹间距，要使条纹间距变大，则使波长λ变长或双缝与光屏之间的距离l增大.2、(4分) 或或解析：或门电路为：有几个输入端，只有一个输出端.只要输入中有一个为“1”电平时（只要有一个门或窗未关），输出就为“1”电平（报警），只有当所有的输入全为“0”电平时（门、窗全关闭），输出才为“0”电平（不报警）.3、(4分) 20 2.75解析：波速；题图表明绳端开始沿负y轴振动，经过时间，振动传到N质点，再经半个周期即0.5 s,N质点第一次沿y轴正向通过平衡位置，所求为2.25s+0.5 s=2.75 s.4、(4分) 收缩变小解析：金属棒在恒力作用下做匀加速直线运动，产生acdb方向且增大的电流，根据楞次定律知，金属环中产生感应电流且有收缩趋势，以阻碍磁通量的增加.其电流，又B∝I ac∝v∝t，即（常数），金属环的面积S减小，则其中的电流变小.5、(4分) 0.15 7.5解析：假设电流表的量程为0～3 A，则滑片第二次移动后，通过R3的电流为，超过其标称电流.因此，电流表的量程应为0～0.6 A，此时的示数为，通过R3的电流为滑片第一次移动后的路端电压为U1=2.5 V+0.3×12 V=6.1 V，则电压表的量程为0～15 V，滑片第二次移动后的示数为5 V，路端电压为U2=5 V+0.15×12 V=6.8 V.根据欧姆定律有，E=U1+I1r，E=U2+I2r，其中，代入有关数据得，E=7.5 V.三、实验题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 30 分)1、(8分) （1）cabe 30 k （2）AC解析：(1)题中欧姆挡的中央刻度为30，待测电阻为几十千欧，当测量电阻时，指针指在中央刻度附近误差较小，因此应选×1 k挡；电阻的测量值等于示数与倍率的乘积，即30×1 k=30 kΩ.(2)测量电阻时，指针偏转角过大或过小误差都较大，指在中央刻度附近时误差较小，选项A对,D错；红、黑表笔分别插在负、正插孔不会影响测量结果，选项B错误；把电阻和电路断开，既能防止烧坏电表中的电源，又能减小电路对电阻的影响，选项C正确.2、(6分) （1）BD （2）电动势3、(6分) (1)小车的总质量小车所受外力(2)①在质量不变的条件下,加速度与外力成正比②C解析：(2)②实验中小车受的拉力为T，有T=Ma,mg-T=ma得，这说明当M m时，T才接近mg，小车的加速度.图线明显偏离直线，说明钩码的总质量太大，不满足条件M m.4、(6分) (1)(2)(3)偏小解析：（1）棉球做平抛运动，水平方向有l=v0t,竖直方向有，得.（2）根据动能定理有，，将代入得，，即直线的斜率，得.（3）若考虑摩擦力，则根据（2）知，v0变小，l变小,k变小,p变小.5、(4分) 0.35 27∶35解析:根据题图知，当波长分别为625 nm、605 nm、665 nm时，衰减强度依次为φA=0.35,φB1=0.6,φB2=0.05..四、解答题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 60 分)1、(10分) 解: (1)达到最大速度时，牵引力等于阻力P=fv m.(2)由动能定理可得所以.2、(12分) 解: (1)插入水银槽后右管内气体(2)插入水银槽后左管压强p′=p+ρgΔh=(78+2) cmHg=80 cmHg左管内外水银面的高度差中、左管内气体p0l=p′l′左管插入水银槽深度. 3、(12分) 解：（1）v=0，a0=4 m/s2mgsinθ-μmgcosθ=ma0.（2）v=5 m/s，a=0mgsinθ-μN-kvcosθ=0N=mgcosθ+kvsinθmg（sinθ-μcosθ）-kv（μsinθ+cosθ）=0.4、(12分) 解：（1）力矩平衡时（mg-qE）lsin90°=（mg+qE）lsin（120°-90°）.（2）重力做功W g=mgl（cos30°-cos60°）-mglcos60°=静电力做功W e=qEl（cos30°-cos60°）+qElcos60°.（3）小球动能的改变量ΔE k=W g+W e=小球的速度.5、(14分) 解：（1）金属棒做匀加速运动R两端电压U∝I∝E∝v，U随时间均匀增大，即v随时间均匀增大.所以加速度为恒量.（2），以F=0.5v+0.4代入得：因为加速度为恒量，与v无关，所以a=0.4 m/s2代入数据得：B=0.5 T. （3）x1+x2=s所以代入数据得0.2t2+0.8t-1=0，解方程得t=1 s.（4）。