2010年南京师范大学英语语言文学专业 翻译与外语写作 翻译题目及标准答案(苦心整理)

四大文明古国：中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。

中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。

但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。

这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。

China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords. All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.中华传统文化：中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。

1.译文应完全复写出原作的思想。

译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同。

译文应和原作同样流畅。

2.首先，翻译是一门科学，它需要对事实的认知、核查，需要懂得描述这些事实的语言---- 错误的内容，错误的事实，应该得以鉴别。

第二，翻译是一种技巧，它需要恰当的语言和约定俗成的用法。

第三，翻译是一门艺术，它识优辨劣，是一种创造性的、凭直觉的，有时是闪烁灵感的翻译。

最后，翻译是一种风格，它弥合了分歧，显示了个人的偏爱，形形色色精彩纷呈的译文折射了译者的特点。

（纽马克）第三节：the Milky Way（银河）直译为"牛奶路"；the apple of my eye(珍爱物；珍爱之人，宝贝)直译成"我眼的苹果"；"Every dog has its day."译为"每只狗都有它的日子"（正确的译法应为"人人皆有得意之日"）。

"When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war."译作"张飞杀岳飞，杀得满天飞"（正确译法应为"两雄相遇，其斗必烈"）；Solomon(所罗门，古以色列国国王大卫之子，以智慧著称)意译成"诸葛亮"；Spring, the sweet spring, is the year's pleasant king意译为"春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜"。

他喜欢喝矿泉水。

他父亲是个巫医。

那位老人不喝烈性酒。

我敬爱的父亲辞世了。

我家老头翘辨了。

千条汉子易共处，两个婆娘难相容。

趁热打铁。

亲身父母。

把他加上，名单上的人就全了。

从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。

（读书可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才。

）读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确．The ageless won’t g row old.Y ou sail with your young bride.Love will warm winter cold.Spring will ever abide.鳄鱼的眼泪；假慈悲（意译）连锁反应一石二鸟充耳不闻浑水摸鱼颠倒黑白三思而后行言传不如身教（好事不出门），坏事传千里说比做来得容易Market-oriented economyTo offer timely helpTo drain a pond to catch all the fishMore haste, less speedTo strike while the iron is hot喉结倾盆大雨掌上明珠，宝贝，珍爱之物空中楼阁笑掉大牙大海捞针进退两难，骑虎难下，进退维谷趾高气扬入乡随俗是摊牌的时候了To take advantage of every weaknessA life of luxury and dissipationDiamond cuts diamond.She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.Is she really good-looking? But beauty is in the eye of the beholder. （音译、加注略）孤注一掷不伦不类以德报怨内奸一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。

2010年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English1924年美国国家调查委员会派出两名工程师监督在芝加哥附近的霍桑工厂的电话配件生产车间进行实验。

实验旨在了解车间照明是否影响工人的生产效率。

研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念——“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。

这种观点之所以产生是因为工厂的女工令人困惑的行为。

根据实验的描述，当灯光变亮或者变暗时，工人每小时的产量都有所提高。

至于实验中做了什么并不重要；只要改变了条件，产量就有所提高。

工人知道自己本身是被研究对象——这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。

几十年后，同样的数据也被应用在计量经济学分析中。

霍桑试验在仓储业方面有了另一个令人惊奇的结果。

和记录的描述相反，〖JP+2〗并没有发现系统的证据来证明生产力水平与照明变化有关。

〖JP〗 结果表明，实验中使用的特别方法或许会误导对实验室数据的解释。

举例来说，周日对照明进行改变。

周一再工作时，产量与上周六相比有所提高，这一趋势将会持续几日。

然而，通过对没有做实验前的几周数据对比发现，周一的产量总是提高。

工人们无论在什么状况下在一周的最初几日工作非常勤快，然后就到达平稳水平，最后又懈怠下来。

这表明所谓的“霍桑效应”是很难确定的。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1在过去的25年里发生在英语报纸上的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的就是艺术评论报道范围缩小和严肃性上的降低。

年龄在40岁以下的普通读者无法想象那样一个能够在大部分的大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评论的时代。

然而，发表在20世纪的大量的评论集是由大量报纸评论所组成。

如今去读这种书籍会使人们对这样一种事实感到大为惊讶，那就是这些广博的内容曾经被人们认为很适合刊登在面向大众的日报上。

我们离20世纪初期和二战前夕期间在英国发表的东拉西扯的报纸评论甚至更远，当时，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且时髦的文艺评论被认为是一种对刊登这种内容的出版物的装饰。

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2010年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题答案育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

Part oneVocabulary and structure1. D2. A3. C (run into 偶然撞见)4. D5. A6. D （例：Two tanks were captured. The guerrillas shot down one airplane and captured the pilot.）7. B8. A9. B(look up 改善)10. A （instrument: ①a thin tube-like optional instrument; ②乐器; ③navigation instrument 仪表，仪器; ④The veto has been an instrument ofdiplomacy for centuries. device: ①electronic device; ②the literary device of the metaphor; ③Left to his own devices, Osborn is a fluent —and often original —guitar.）11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. B 18.A 19. D 20. D （though 不能用于倒装句，as 可以用于倒装句）Part twoCloze test21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. APart threeReading comprehensionPassage 131. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C。

南京大学2010-2014 MTI英语翻译基础答案2010年I. Phrase Translation1.可持续性发展sustainable development2.安居工程affordable housing project3.特区政府Special Administrative Region; special district government4.全球变暖global warming5.个人所得税individual income tax6.知识产权intellectual property rights7.弱势群体disadvantaged groups; the disadvantaged8.应试教育exam-oriented education9.内需domestic demand10.通货膨胀inflation11.为促进祖国统一, 就要有适当的方法。

reunification12.搞改革,总难免要犯错误，这是历史经验证明了的。

historical experience13.海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞。

Both sides of the Taiwan Straits14.我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。

Farming；Agriculture15.WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织16.EU European Union欧盟17.IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织18.APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织19.UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织N Cable News Network美国有线电视新闻网21.Pentagon 五角大楼（美国国防部）22.Globalization 全球化23.EL Nino 厄尔尼诺现象24.Apartheid 种族隔离制25.Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant art in the life of white America except as servants and laborers. 美国白人26. His grandmother was a gypsy woman once, but settled there when the boy’s mother was born. 吉普赛人27. Four days after liftoff on July 20, the Eagle landing craft fell to an altitude of ten miles, then fired its rocket to slow itself out of orbit and into descent. 发射，起飞; 登陆艇28. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the ME conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and Arabs acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist. 中东冲突II. Passage translationSection A Chinese to EnglishIn any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people – the cooking and serving and cleaning – a chore. But today it doe sn’t feel that way. The host –perhaps it’s you – stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we’re thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitude – not to mention the abundance – that Thanksgiving summons.It’s tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn’t true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgi ving reflects the complexion of the year we’re in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions.And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year. The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many of us. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be American.That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of the year in the life of this nation – principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from. The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel makes sense only if we also extend it to others.叶子南译文：在一年中其他星期，今天也只不过是个普通的星期四，所有的人聚在一起做饭上菜，清洗杯盘，少不了麻烦一番。

2010年南京大学英语翻译基础真题答案I. Term translation1. Sustainable development2. Comfortable Housing Project/Housing project for low-income urban residents/project of construction of housing for low-income families3. The government of the Special Administrative Region4. Global warming5. individual income tax/Personal Income Tax6. Intellectual Property Rights7. disadvantaged groups/vulnerable groups/ Poverty-stricken Masses/ Underprivileged Group8. Examination-oriented education system9. domestic demand10. Inflation11. Reunification12. historical lessons13. both coasts of Taiwan Strait/Chinese Mainland and Taiwan Area14. farming, forestry, animal husbandry(n. 农业；资源管理，妥善管理), side-line(副业) production and fishery/agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline occupations and fishery, agriculture15. 世界贸易组织World Trade Organization16. 欧盟European Union17. International Monetary Fund （联合国）国际货币基金组织 [亦作 I.M.F.]18. 通用电子计算机(All Purpose Electronic Computer)亚太经贸合作组织，简称亚太经合组织(The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)19. 联合国教科文组织United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization20. Cable News Network 美国有线电视新闻网21. 五角大楼22. 全球化23. n.厄尔尼诺现象，即赤道中、东太平洋海水表面温度偶尔增暖的现象。

2010年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题答案Part oneVocabulary and structure1.D2. A3. C (run into偶然撞见)4. D5. A6. D（例：Two tanks were captured. The guerrillas shot down one airplane and captured the pilot.）7. B8. A9. B(look up 改善)10. A （instrument: ①a thin tube-like optional instrument; ②乐器; ③navigation instrument 仪表，仪器; ④The veto has been an instrument of diplomacy for centuries. device: ①electronic device; ②the literary device of the metaphor; ③Left to his own devices, Osborn is a fluent—and often original—guitar.）11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. D （though不能用于倒装句，as可以用于倒装句）Part twoCloze test21.A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. APart threeReading comprehensionPassage 131.A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. CPassage 236.A 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. DPassage 3四十一、 C 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. APart four英译汉一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。

2010年10月学位英语培训班讲义参考答案Part One Listening ComprehensionPractice Test One1. D2. C3. C4. D5. B6. C7. C8. C9. B 10. A11. A 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. C21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. APractice Test Two1. D2. A3. A4. D5. B6. C7. A8. D9. D 10. A11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. APractice Test Three1. B2. D3. D4. B5. A6. D7. B8. A9. C 10. B11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. DPart Two Reading Comprehension （略）15Part Three Vocabulary1-5CBADB 6-10 ABBAC11-15BDCAC 16-20 DBBCA21-25DACDC 26-30 ADBAC31-35 BAACD 36-40 DBBAB41-45 DCCAD 46-50 CABCA51-55 BADCA 56-60 BCBBDPart Four Translation1从山顶往下好几英亩的山坡上，满是怒放的水仙花，犹如江河直下，越过山坳，穿过峡谷，一片五彩缤纷：有洁净无比的象牙白，有极其浓郁的柠檬黄，有鲜艳夺目的鲑鱼橙，如同一幅地毯展现在我们面前，令人眼花缭乱。

2010年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分46, 做题时间90分钟)1. 区分题1.Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.(20/150)homonymy vs. polysemySSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form, that is, different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. When two words are identical in sound, they are homophones, such as rain/reign. When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs, such as tear v. /tear n. When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they **plete homonyms, such as fast adj. /fast v. Polysemy refers to the phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning. Such a word is called a polysemic or polysemous word. The **monly used a word is, the more likely it has acquired more than one meaning. For example, the word table has many meanings, such as(1)a piece of furniture.(2)orderly arrangements of facts, figures, etc.解析：(考查同音／同形异义现象与一词多义现象)2.entailment vs. presuppositionSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Entailment is a relation of inclusion. If X entails Y, the meaning of X is included in Y. Analyzing the relation of entailmentin terms of truth condition, we come to the following conclusions: If X is true, Y is necessarily true. If X is false, Y may be true or false. For example, X: He has been to France. Y: He has been to Europe. Similar to entailment, presupposition is a semantic relationship or logical connection. Analyzing the relation of presupposition in terms of truth condition, we can conclude: If X is true, Y must be true. If X is false, Y is still true. For example, X; John"s bike needs repairing. Y; John has a bike.解析：(考查语义学中的蕴涵与预设)3.surface structure vs. deep structureSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：There are two levels of syntactic structure. The one formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head"s sub-categorization properties, is called deep structure. The other one, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called surface structure. The organization of the **ponent of the grammar can be depicted below; The XP Rule ↓ DEEP STRUCTURE←(Sub-categorization restricts choices of complements) ↓ Transformations ↓ SURFACE STRUCTURE For example; Would **e tomorrow? Deep structure;/Surface structure;/解析：(考查句法学中的表层结构与深层结构)4.endophoric reference vs. exophoric referenceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：An endophoric reference refers to something inside the text in which the reference is found. It includes two types; anaphoric reference and cataphoric reference. An anaphoric reference refers to something within a text that has been previously identified. For example, in "Susan dropped the plate. It shattered loudly" , the word "it" refers to the phrase "the plate". A cataphoric reference refers to something within the text that has not yet been identified. For example, in "He was very cold. David promptly put on his coat" , the identity of the "he" is unknown until the individual is referred to as "David". An exdophoric reference refers to language outside of the text in which the reference is found. For example, the meaning of the phrase "the Queen" may be determined by the country in which it is spoken. Because there are many Queens throughout the world, and the location of the speaker provides the extra information that allows an individual Queen to be identified.解析：(考查言内照应与言外照应)2. 单项选择题1.For each group of items in the following, point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.SSS_SINGLE_SELAex p ensiveBre p eatCs p ringDcons p iracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：The pronunciation of "p" is aspirated in B, while in the other three words, "P" is unaspirated because it is after the sound /s/. (考查字母p在音位／s／后的发音)2.SSS_SINGLE_SELAco n siderateBto n icityCpoi n tlessDi n consistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：The pronunciation of "n" is transformed into the sound // when it is followed by the sound /k/, while in the other three words, it is pronounced as /n/. (考查字母n在音位／k／前面的软腭化)3.SSS_SINGLE_SELAnumber sBclassroom sCisland sDlaptop s [Focus on the pronunciation of "s"]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析："s" in D is pronounced as /s/, while in the other three words are all pronounced as /z/.(考查字母s在名词复数中的发音)4.SSS_SINGLE_SELA competentB principalC individualD animate[Focus on the location of the stress]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：The stress in C is on the third syllable, while in the other three words, they are on the first syllable.(考查单词的重音)5.SSS_SINGLE_SELA /f/B /p/C /d/D /g/[Focus on the classification of consonants]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：The sound /f/ is a fricative, while the other three sounds are all stops.(考查辅音的分类)6.SSS_SINGLE_SELA provideB supplyC offerD accuse[Focus on transitivity]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：Offer can be followed by two objects; the direct object and the indirect object, while the other three words cannot be followed by two objects.(考查动词的及物性)7.SSS_SINGLE_SELAre ceiveBen ableCre vol utionaryDpro ceed [Focus on the type of morphemes]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：Able in B is a free morpheme, while the morphemes in the other three words are all bound morphemes.(考查粘着语素和自由语素的区别) 8.SSS_SINGLE_SELA aboardB beyondC beneathD without[Focus on word types]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：A is an adverb, while the other three words are used as prepositions.(考查词类)9.SSS_SINGLE_SELA parent/childB teacher/studentC tree/forestD buyer/seller[Focus on the type of semantic relation]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：Tree/forest have a semantic relationship of hyponymy, while the others are antonymy.(考查语义关系)10.SSS_SINGLE_SELA locutionary actB illocutionary actC perlocutionary actD elocutionary act[Focus on Austin"s trichotomy of speech act theory]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：A, B and C are the three senses of Austin"s Speech Act Theory, while D is not. (考查奥斯汀的言语行为理论)11.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Quality MaximB Method MaximC Quantity MaximD Relation Maxim[Focus on Grice"s Cooperative Principle]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：A, C and D are the three maxims in Grice"s Cooperative Principle, but B is not.(考查格赖斯的合作原则的四条准则)12.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Content of discourseB Mode of discourseC Tenor of discourseD Field of discourse[Focus on Halliday"s Register Theory]该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：B, C, and D are aspects of Halliday"s Register Theory, while A is not.(考查韩礼德的语域理论)3. 分析题1.Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of thefollowing.(12/150)inconsistency(4/150)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：inconsistency 1 st cutting; in/consistency 2 nd cutting;in/consist//ency 3 rd cutting; in/con///sist//ency2.The scholar also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral.(8/150)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：The scholar also argues that the spread of English isnothing neutral. 1 st cutting: The school/also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral. 2 nd cutting; The school/alsoargues//that the spread of English is nothing neutral. 3 rd cutting; The school/also argues//that///the spread of English is nothing neutral. 4 th cutting; The school/also argues//that /// the spread of English////is////nothing neutral. 5 th cutting; The school/alsoargues//that///the spread /////ofEnglish////is////nothing/////neutral. 6 th cutting:The//////school/also//////argues//that///the//////spread/////of/Engli sh////is//// nothing/////neutral.3.What is metaphor? How does cognitive linguistics interpret it differently from traditional rhetoric? Use a few examples toillustrate how the farmer contributes to our understanding of language.(20/150)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：In traditional rhetoric, metaphor refers to the process of transferring qualities from one thing to another. In a metaphor, words like like and as do not appear. A metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike elements, and **parison is implied rather than stated.(4 points) In cognitive linguistics, metaphor involves**parison of two concepts in that one is constructed in terms of the other. It"s often described in terms of a target domain and a source domain. The target domain is the experience being described by the metaphor and the source domain is the means that we use in order to describe the experience.(4 points) Therefore, we can say that in traditional rhetoric, metaphor emphasizes the transfer of qualities, and the omission of words like like and as; whereas in cognitive linguistics, it emphasizes the different functions of the two domains.(2 points) For example, the sentence We"re wasting our time here. This sentence is based on a metaphor " Time is money" in which the target domain, TIME, is conceptualized in terms of the source domain of MONEY. Thus, we can understand abstract experiences in terms of more concrete ones. In cognitive linguistics, metaphors are represented by a simple formula; X is Y, in which X is the target domain and Y is the source domain. Take "Inflation is backing us into a corner" as another example. Regarding inflation as an entity allows human beings to refer to it, quantify it, identify it, treat it as a case, act with respect to it, and even believe that we understand it. It can help us deal with our experience.(10 points)解析：考查暗喻(隐喻)的定义，及其在认知语言学与传统修辞学中的不同。