11咨询第一章

[课时作业]一、选择题1．通电导体发热的规律是由下列哪位物理学家总结的()A．欧姆B．焦耳C．安培D．法拉第解析：根据物理学史知，焦耳总结了通电导体发热的规律，即焦耳定律．答案：B2．(多选)下列电器在工作时，主要利用了电流热效应的是()A．电暖器B．录音机C．电话机D．电饭锅解析：电暖器和电饭锅是电能转化为内能(热能)的装置，A、D项对．而录音机和电话机是电能和机械能(声能)相互转换的装置，B、C项错．答案：AD3．在验证焦耳定律的实验中，为了比较电流通过两根不同的电阻丝产生的热量跟电阻的关系，实验时应同时保持相同的物理量是()A．通过它们的电流和加在两端的电压B．通过它们的电流和它们的电阻C．通过它们的电流和通电时间D．通过它们的电流、加在它们两端的电压及通电时间解析：根据焦耳定律Q＝I2Rt知，电流通过电阻丝产生的热量跟电阻大小、电流的大小、通电时间有关，要想比较不同电阻的电阻丝的发热量必须控制电流和通电时间一样．答案：C4．下列说法正确的是()A．通过电阻的电流越大，产生的热量越多B．导体的电阻越大，产生的热量越多C．通电时间越长，产生的热量越多D．对同一导体，通过的电流越大，通电时间越长，产生的热量越多解析：由Q＝I2Rt知，电流大，如果时间很短，热量Q依然可以很小，A项错误；同理可分析B、C项也是错误的；只有D项正确．答案：D5．一台国产封闭型贮水式电热水器的铭牌上所列的主要技术参数如下表所示．根据表中提供的数据，此电热水器在额定电压下处于加热状态时，下列判断正确的是( )A ．通过热水器的电流约为0.15 AB ．通过热水器的电流约为4.4 AC ．热水器工作5小时耗电6 kW·hD ．热水器工作5小时耗电60 kW·h解析：根据电功率公式P ＝UI 可知，已知P ＝1 200 W ，U ＝220 V ，所以I ≈5.5 A ，选项A 、B 都错．根据W ＝Pt 知，工作5小时耗电为6 kW·h ，所以选C.答案：C6．通过电阻R 的电流为I 时，在t 时间内产生的热量为Q ，若电阻为2R ，电流为I2，则在时间t 内产生的热量为( )A ．4QB ．2Q C.Q 2 D.Q4 解析：由Q ＝I 2Rt得，Q 1＝(I 2)2·2R ·t ＝I 2Rt 2＝Q2.答案：C7．有一只电烙铁，如果在同一个家庭电路里，要使它在相同的时间内产生的热量少些，下面几种改装方法可行的是( )A ．把电阻丝剪去一小段B ．更换一根较粗的电阻丝C ．给电阻丝串联一个电阻D ．给电阻丝并联一个电阻解析：注意隐含条件是在同一个家庭电路中，意思为电压恒定，由焦耳定律的变形公式Q ＝U 2Rt ，要增大R 或减小U 才能减小相同时间里的发热量，所以C 正确．答案：C8．(多选)对计算任何类型的用电器的电功率都适用的公式是( ) A ．P ＝I 2R B ．P ＝U 2RC ．P ＝UID ．P ＝Wt解析：D 是定义式，C 是通过定义式推导而得，而A 、B 都是通过欧姆定律推导而得，所以A 、B 只适用于纯电阻电路，而不适用于非纯电阻电路．答案：CD9．(多选)一台电动机的线圈电阻与一只电炉的电阻相同，都通过相同的电流，在相同的时间内( )A ．电炉放热和电动机放热相等B ．电炉两端的电压大于电动机两端的电压C ．电炉两端的电压等于电动机两端的电压D ．电动机消耗的功率大于电炉的功率解析：由于电炉与电动机的电阻相等，电流也相等，由Q ＝I 2Rt 得，相同的时间内放热相等，选项A 正确；由于电动机消耗的电能有一部分要对外做功，所以电动机消耗的功率大于电炉的功率，由P 机＝U机I ，P 炉＝U 炉I知，U 机I ＞U 炉I ，所以电动机两端的电压大于电炉两端的电压，因此选项B 、C 错误，选项D 正确．答案：AD10．(多选)一直流电动机所加电压为U ，电流为I ，线圈内阻为R ，当它工作时，下列说法正确的是( )A ．电动机的输出功率为U 2RB ．电动机的发热功率为I 2RC ．电动机的输出功率为IU －I 2RD ．电动机的功率可写作IU ＝I 2R ＝U 2R解析：电动机工作时是非纯电阻元件，热功率P 热＝I 2R ，电功率P ＝UI ，输出功率P 出＝IU －I 2R ，故选项B 、C 正确．答案：BC 二、非选择题11．一只规格“220 V 1 000 W ”的电炉，求：(1)它在正常工作时的电阻；(2)如果电网电压为200 V ，则电炉工作时的实际功率(假设电炉电阻保持不变)； (3)在220 V 电压下，电炉每天使用2 h 产生多少焦耳的热量？一个月(30天)要消耗多少度电？解析：(1)设电炉电阻为R ，根据P ＝U 2R 得R ＝U 2P ＝22021 000Ω＝48.4 Ω.(2)当电网电压U ′＝200 V 时，电炉工作时的实际功率P ′＝U ′2R ＝200248.4 W ≈826.4 W.(3)一天产生的热量Q ＝Pt ＝1 000×2×3.6×103 J ＝7.2×106 J ， 在220 V 的电压下，一个月消耗的电能为 W ＝Pt ′＝1×2×30 kW·h ＝60 kW·h ＝60度． 答案：(1)48.4 Ω (2)826.4 W (3)7.2×106 J 60度 12．一辆电动自行车的铭牌上给出了如下的技术参数表：(2)电动机正常工作时，损失了多少功率？解析：(1)由表中的技术参数可知，此车电动机正常工作时，消耗的电功率：根据P ＝UI 可得P ＝126 W.(2)由表中的技术参数可知，额定电压下的输出机械功率为110 W ，根据P ＝P 输出＋P 损可得电动机损失的功率P 损＝16 W.答案：(1)126 W (2)16 W。

一、选择题1．下列物质的分类正确的是A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．下列对应化学反应的离子方程式正确的是A．钠与水反应：2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OHˉ+H2↑B．向Na2SiO3溶液中通入过量CO2：SiO2-3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+CO2-3 C．向水中通入适量Cl2：Cl2+H2O=2H++Cl-+ClO-D．向Al2(SO4)3溶液中加入过量的NH3·H2O：Al3++4NH3·H2O=AlO-2+4NH4++2H2O3．准确书写离子方程式是学好化学的基本素养之一，下列离子方程式书写正确的是A．氢氧化镁与稀硫酸反应： H+ +OH- =H2OB．用饱和氯化铁溶液制取氢氧化铁胶体： Fe3+ + 3H2O ΔFe(OH)3+3H+C．石灰乳与碳酸钠溶液反应： Ca(OH)2+CO2-3=CaCO3+ 2OH-D．向水中加入一小块钠：2Na+2H2O= Na+ +2OH- +H2↑4．已知常温下可用：Co2O3制备Cl2，反应前后存在六种微粒：Co2O3、H2O、Cl2、H+、Cl-和Co2+。

下列叙述不正确的是()A．氧化产物为Cl2B．氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1∶2C．若有1molCl2生成，则反应前HCl的物质的量为6molD．当该反应生成4.48LCl2时，反应中有0.2mol电子转移5．下列说法正确的是A．NaHSO4溶液与过量Ba(OH)2溶液反应时，发生中和的OH-与未反应的OH-之比为1：1 B．PbO2+4HCl=PbCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O中，氧化剂和还原剂物质的量之比为1：2C．3S+6KOH ΔK2SO3+2K2S+3H2O中，被氧化的S和被还原的S质量比为2：1D．3(NH4)2SO4Δ3SO2↑+N2↑+6H2O+4NH3↑中，发生氧化反应和未发生氧化反应的氮元素物质的量之比为2：16．下列离子方程式正确的是A ．向碳酸钙加入醋酸溶液：CaCO 3+2H +=Ca 2++CO 2↑+H 2OB ．向氨水滴加盐酸：OH -+H +=H 2OC ．钠与水反应：Na+H 2O=Na ++OH -+H 2↑D ．Ba(OH)2溶液和NaHSO 4溶液混合呈中性：Ba 2++2OH -+2H ++SO 2-4=BaSO 4↓+2H 2O7．下列各组离子一定能大量共存的是A ．含有大量Ba 2+的溶液中：Cl -、K +、24SO -、23CO -B ．含有大量H +的溶液中：Mg 2+、Na +、23CO -、24SO -C ．含有大量Na +的溶液中：H +、K +、24SO -、3NO -D ．含有大量OH -的溶液中：Cu 2+、3NO -、24SO -、23CO -8．锑(Sb)在自然界一般以硫化物的形式存在。

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1. Admiralty Notices to Mariners, containing important information for the mariners and enabling them to keep their charts and books corrected for the latest information, are issued daily and published in .[单选题] *Weekly Editions(正确答案)Quarterly EditionsAnnual EditionsMonthly Editions2. The information regarding ports such as buoyed channels, fairway, location and number of terminals, river channels, details of navigational marks, location of overhead bridges, underground cables etc. are shown in . [单选题] *small-scale chartsmedium-scale chartslarge-scale charts(正确答案)natural scale charts3. The Coast Radio Stations are found in . [单选题] *Admiralty List of Lights and Fog SignalsAdmiralty Maritime CommunicationsAdmiralty List of Radio Signals(正确答案)Admiralty Digital List of lights4. All straight lines represent great circle tracks on a chart based on a /an .[单选题] *Mercator projectionpolyconic projectionorthographic projectiongnomonic projection(正确答案)5. A light is from ChangshanZui, the SE extremity of the island. [单选题] * exhibited(正确答案)establishedconstructedbuilt6. Where would you find information about the time of high tide at a specific location ona particular day of the year? [单选题] *Tide Tables.(正确答案)Tidal Current Tables.Coast Pilot.Nautical Almanac.7. The table below is to record Section IV NTM amendments _____this volume. Sub-paragraph numbers in the margin of the book are to assist the user when making amendment to this volume.[单选题] *affecting(正确答案)correctinginfluencingeffecting8. Important changes to charts and lights (including temporary ones), radio signals and Sailing Directions are listed in .[单选题] *Weekly Admiralty Notices to Mariners(正确答案)The Mariner’s Handbook (NP100)Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Charts, Chart 50119. Navigational warning are published according to . [单选题] *the designed areathe designated area(正确答案)the indicated areaall area over the world10. Information on the operating times and characteristics of foreign radio beacons can be found in which publication? [单选题] *List of Lights(正确答案)Coast pilotSailing DirectionsList of Radio beacons11. Contour elevations on this chart refer to heights in meters above mean . [单选题] *lower low waterhigh waterlow watersea level(正确答案)12. It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be . [单选题] * made by handconsulted at the last week of each monthstuck in the parent book or current supplementkept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top(正确答案)13. What is the use of the books of Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals? Their use is to ____. [单选题] *Mention signal stations and ice，storm，traffic and port signalsGive the international numbers of lightsGive the correction of the lights and fog signalsGive the information on the lights and fog signals(正确答案)14. In relation to the route radio service, which part shall be consulted in the List of Lights and Fog Signals? [单选题] *Part 2Part 3(正确答案)Part 5Part 615. Which conic projection chart features straight lines which closely approximate a great circle? [单选题] *PolyconicLambert conformal(正确答案)OrthographicStereographic16. How does the bearing direction 000-359 in the sailing Directions reckoned? [单选题] *Clockwise(正确答案)AnticlockwiseBackingVeering17. Where is the Admiralty chart identification number? [单选题] *At the top left-hand corner & bottom right-hand corner(正确答案)Above the chart titleBelow the chart titleAt the top left-hand corner18. The revision date of a chart is printed on which area of the chart? [单选题] *Top centerLower-left corner.(正确答案)Part of the chart title.Any clear area around the next line.19. On the Metric chart, the statement “Depths in meters” can be found .[单选题] *on the top of the chartbelow the title of the chart(正确答案)on the right bottom of the chartabove the title of the chart20. Which is a weekly publication advising mariners of important matters affecting navigational safety? [单选题] *Light ListNotice to Mariners(正确答案)Coast PilotSailing Directions21. Symbols and abbreviations used on admiralty charts are contained in . [单选题] *Chart 5011(正确答案)NP294 –How to keep your admiralty chart up-to-dateNP100-Mariner’s HandbookNP247-Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners22. A SEAMARK, I.E.A BUOY, INDICATING THE NORTH, EAST, SOUTH OR WEST FROM A FIXED POINT E.G.A WRECK is . [单选题] *entrance buoynew buoyport buoycardinal buoy(正确答案)23. provides a selection of commonly used routes with their distances between principal ports and important positions.[单选题] *The Mariner’s HandbookAdmiralty Sailing DirectionsOcean Passages for the World(正确答案)Mariners’ Routeing Guide24. What kind of information does the fire control plan contain? [单选题] *Fire alarm signal, fire instruction and your assignment.Location of firefighting equipment onboard.(正确答案)How to use firefighting equipment onboard.Information on how to handle different types of fires.25. Navigational warnings and weather bulletins for shipping from Singapore Radio. [单选题] *broadcastbroadcastedare broadcast(正确答案)are broadcasted26. You will find information about the duration of slack water in the .[单选题] *Tidal Current Tables(正确答案)Tide TablesAmerican Practical NavigatorSailing Directions27. The unit used in Sailing Directions at sea is and at land is . [单选题] * nautical mile and cable; kilometer(正确答案)nautical mile and kilometer; cablenautical mile; kilometer or cablenautical mile; cable and kilometer28. In very high latitude, the most practical chart projection is the . [单选题] * MercatorgnomonicazimuthalLambert conformal(正确答案)29. Latest additions and amendments to Admiralty Tide Tables are published in . [单选题] *Notices to Marinersthe corrections to Admiralty Tide TablesAnnual Summary(正确答案)Amendments30. Admiralty Tide Tables should be published in volumes annually. [单选题] *34(正确答案)61231. If you need information regarding ordering pilot and/ or entering ports you may see Admiralty List of Radio Signal volume . [单选题] *2456(正确答案)32. Sailing Directions include . [单选题] *current in the various location(正确答案)navigational lightsrequired lightscasualty report procedure33. The information on Ocean Voyage Planning with routeing details for powered and sailing vessels is likely found in . [单选题] *Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)(正确答案)Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Charts, Chart 5011Weekly Admiralty Notices to MarinersThe Mariner’s Handbook (NP100)34. A chart with a scale of 1:80,000 would fall into the category of a . [单选题] * sailing chartgeneral chartcoastal chart(正确答案)harbor chart35. The Fourteenth Edition of Africa Pilot Volume III the Thirteenth Edition (1980) and Supplement No.10 (2001), which are canceled.[单选题] *supersedes(正确答案)takes in charge ofshuts downrun into force of36. A chart position enclosed by a square is a(n) .[单选题] *fixestimated position(正确答案)dead reckoning positionrunning fix37. Many navigational warnings are of a temporary nature, but others remain in force for several months or may be succeeded by . [单选题] *Notices to Mariners(正确答案)Sailing DirectionsList of Lights and SignalsGuide to port Entry38. Which of the following about the Mercator chart is TRUE? [单选题] *Meridian line is curvature.It is of the conformal character.(正确答案)The scale of the latitude is always same.Latitude is curvature.39. Which one of the following is INCORRECT about Mercator projection? [单选题] *It projects a sphere onto a cylinder.Because the resulting distance between latitudes are constantly increasing, it is also called progressive projection.It can always give true distances.(正确答案)Its advantage is that longitudes and latitudes are at right angles, which makes it easy to read true bearings.40. The visible range of a lighthouse in a chart refers to . [单选题] *minimum 10 milesmaximum 10 miles12 milesthe distance when the visibility in calm weather is 10 miles(正确答案)41. The data may become corrupted in any of the following process EXCEPT . [单选题] *during transmissionin the display or printing on the user’s equipmentin converting to other software formatsin air mail delivery to the readers(正确答案)42. Isogonic lines are lines on a chart indicating_______.[单选题] *points of equal variation(正确答案)points of zero variationthe magnetic latitudemagnetic dip43. On having completed entering the notice in the correction folio, mark in the margin against that notice.[单选题] *ENTERINGENTERED(正确答案)COMPLETEDCORRECTED44. On completion of corrections of all notices from a NM, mark on the front cover page of the NM with the same. [单选题] *ENTERINGENTEREDCOMPLETEDCORRECTED(正确答案)45. To predict the actual depth of water using the Tide Tables, the number obtained from the Tide Tables is . [单选题] *the actual depthadded to or subtracted from the charted depth(正确答案)multiplied by the charted depthdivided by the charted depth46. When a buoy is in position only during a certain period of the year, where may the dates when the buoy is in position be found? [单选题] *Light List.(正确答案)Notice to Mariners.On the chart.Coast Pilot.47. objects are those which stand out clearly from the background or other objects and are easily identifiable from a few miles offshore in normal visibility.[单选题] *Conspicuous(正确答案)PermanentPreliminaryTemporary48. Of the following, is not likely found in the Mariner’s Handbook (NP100). [单选题] *navigational hazards and buoyage, meteorological data, details of pilotage, regulations, port facilities and guides to major port entry(正确答案)information on chartsinformation on operational information and regulationinformation on tides, currents and characteristics of the sea49. The information on is not likely found in the Mariner’s Handbook (NP100). [单选题] *IALA buoyage systemhydrography, topography, navigational aids and their services(正确答案)basic meteorology and navigation in ice and hazards and restrictions to navigation information on tides, currents and characteristics of the sea50. The information in ______is intended primary for use by mariners in vessel of 150GT or more. [单选题] *Notice to MarinersSailing Direction(正确答案)Mariner's handbookGuide to Port Entry51. The new edition will include all of the minor light changes accumulated overthe . [单选题] *previous year(正确答案)next yearprevious quarterprevious month52. will be broadcast every one hour on VHF Channel 6. [单选题] *VHF newsChannel RulesVisibility TimeNavigational Warnings(正确答案)53. Weekly NMs are available without subscription from appointed . [单选题] * Admiralty Distributors(正确答案)Admiralty Publication HouseUnited Kingdom Hydrographic( UKHO )UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency ( MAC )54. Block in NM often substitutes . [单选题] *a certain part of chart(正确答案)a kind of toola kind of tacklea piece of wood55. gives a description of the combined Cardinal and Lateral Buoyage system including textual [ˈtekstʃuəl] and diagrammatic explanations [eksplə'neɪʃnz] of the five types of marks: cardinal, lateral, isolated danger, safe water and special marks.[单选题] *Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)Symbols and Abbreviations [əbri:v'ɪeɪʃnz]used on Admiralty Charts, Chart 5011IALA Maritime Buoyage System (NP735)(正确答案)The Mariner’s Handbook (NP100)56. Alignment and light sectors used in Admiralty Sailing Directions are given seen from .[单选题] *landsea(正确答案)vesselair57. The distance between any two meridians measured along a parallel of latitude . [单选题] *increases in north latitude and decreases in south latitudedecreases as DLO increasesincreases with increased latitudedecreases with increased latitude(正确答案)58. Which vessel is required to participate in STRAITREP? [单选题] *Vessels of less than 50 m in length.Vessels of any tonnage carrying perishable cargo.Vessels engaged in towing or pushing with a combined GT of 300 at most.All passenger vessels that are fitted with VHF, regardless of length or GT.(正确答案)59. Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is . [单选题] *inconspicuousconspicuous(正确答案)a government facility or stationa radio transmitter60. is a comprehensive reference in graphical and textual form of all Admiralty Charts and Publications worldwide (link to Admiralty Charts) listed by region.[单选题] *Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Charts, Chart 5011IALA Maritime Buoyage System (NP735)Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications (NP131)(正确答案)61. How is variation indicated on a small-scale nautical chart? [单选题] * Magnetic compass tableMagnetic meridiansIsogonic lines(正确答案)Variation is not indicated62. Which factor has the greatest effect on the amount of gain required to obtain a fathometer reading? [单选题] *Salinity of water.Temperature of water.(正确答案)Atmospheric pressure.Type of bottom.63. The Experimental Lighthouse-buoy has no navigational significance and may be removed at will. The above sentence means ______. [单选题] *it’s of no use for navigation and would be removed with noticeit’s useful in navigation and may be removed without noticeit’s helpless in navigation and may be removed without notice(正确答案)it’s helpful in navigation and may be removed without notice64. Light lists for coastal water are _____. [单选题] *published every year and require no correctionspublished every second year and must be correctedpublished every five years and require no correctionaccurate thru NM and must be corrected(正确答案)65. Periodic publications notifying changes in, or additions to, previously published navigational data are . [单选题] *SupplementsAnnual SummaryNavigational WarningsNotices to Mariners(正确答案)66. Entering from sea, a daymark on the port side of the channel would be indicated on a chart by a .[单选题] *red triangle with the letter Rwhite triangle with the letters RGgreen square with the letter G(正确答案)white square with the letter GR67. Chart/Publication Correction Record Card system ensures that every chart is properly corrected ________. [单选题] *in useprior to use(正确答案)after useWhen chart received on board68. Ocean Passages for the World will be kept up-to-date by . [单选题] *supplements(正确答案)Notices to MarinersThe Mariner’s HandbookAnnual Summary of ANM69. The light vessel is reported ______. [单选题] *to be destroyedto be demolished(正确答案)to be ruinedto be spoiled70. How long would 15 minutes of longitude be at latitude of 60 degrees north? [单选题] *30 nm60 nm15 nm7.5 nm(正确答案)71. The buoy symbol printed on your chart is leaning to the northeast. Thisindicates______ [单选题] *you should stay to the north or east of the buoy.you should stay to the west or south of the buoy.the buoy is a major lighted buoy.nothing special for navigational purposes.(正确答案)72. Small-scale charts cover large areas of ocean and are also called . [单选题] * natural scale chartsreference charts(正确答案)coastal chartsharbor charts73. The place where the light is situated is printed in .[单选题] *italicsboldscapitals(正确答案)underlines74. The period of a lighted aid to navigation refers to the . [单选题] *date of construction or establishmentlength of time between flashes of the lighttime required for the longest flash of each cycletime required for the light to complete each cycle(正确答案)75. Weekly Notices are dated for the appropriate to the week they are issued on the UKHO website. [单选题] *MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursday(正确答案)76. The velocity of the current in large coastal harbors is . [单选题] * predicted in Tidal Current Tables(正确答案)unpredictablegenerally constantgenerally too weak to be of concern77. gives listings of all lighthouses, lightships, lit floating marks (over 8 m in height), fog signals and lights of navigational significance.[单选题] *Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)Admiralty List of Radio SignalsIALA Maritime Buoyage System (NP735)Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals(正确答案)78. Cumulative list of amendments of Admiralty List of Radio Signalspublished every year.[单选题] *dailyweeklyquarterly(正确答案)yearly79. What is the most important source of information to be used in correcting charts and keeping them up to date?[单选题] *Fleet GuidesNotices to Mariners(正确答案)Sailing DirectionsPilot Charts80. Temporary and Preliminary Notices are placed at the end of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. [单选题] *Section ISection II(正确答案)Section IIISection VI81. Which information is NOT provided in broadcasts by the National Institute of Standards and Technology? [单选题] *NAVAREA warnings(正确答案)Storm warningsTime announcementOmega status information82. The Admiralty Notices to Mariners can be obtained by masters of vessels from any Admiralty Chart Agent.[单选题] *free of charge(正确答案)with no responsibilitywithout limitations of distributionwith little charges83. Areas enclosed by a long and short dashed magenta line indicate . [单选题] *cable areasdumping groundsfish trap areas(正确答案)precautionary areas84. The range of a light on Admiralty Charts is normally the .[单选题] *nominal range(正确答案)luminous rangegeographical rangevisible range85. A chart has extensive corrections to be made to it. When these are made and the chart is again printed, the chart issue is a . [单选题] *first editionnew edition(正确答案)revised editionreprint86. Depths of Wk. are to be inserted in the chart. What does the underlined word mean? [单选题] *workwreck(正确答案)wakeweak87. The reproduction of portions of charts which accompany some notices is knownas . [单选题] *notessymbolsblocks(正确答案)chocks88. are changes on charts due to changes in Hydrography, topography, construction, removal or addition of dangers to navigation etc. [单选题] *Revised editionNew editionSmall corrections(正确答案)Source data89. Maintenance of charts and nautical publications up to date is a statutory requirement under the Convention.[单选题] *STCWMARPOLSOLAS(正确答案)ISM90. Ocean Passages for the World is updated by . [单选题] *Notices to Mariners Weekly EditionAdmiralty Notices to Mariners Weekly Edition (ANMW)(正确答案)NP237Annual Summary of the Admiralty Notices to Mariners91. SEARCHABLE NOTICES TO MARINERS can be searched by all of the following options EXCEPT .[单选题] *Chart Number onlyChart Number + Previous NM Number/ YearChart Number + Between Previous and Present DatesCumulative Number(正确答案)92. Magnetic information on a chart may be . [单选题] *found in the center(s) of the compass rose(s)indicated by isogonic linesfound in a note on the chartall of the above(正确答案)93. What information is found in the chart title? [单选题] *Date of the first edition.Date of the edition and, if applicable, the revisionInformation on the sounding datum.(正确答案)Information on which IALA buoyage system applies94. Chart correction information is NOT disseminated through the .[单选题] *Summary of CorrectionsLocal Notice to MarinersDaily MemorandumChart Correction Card(正确答案)95. On notification by Admiralty Notices to Mariners that a new edition of one of the books, or a new supplement to one, has been published, it should be obtained . [单选题] *as soon as possible(正确答案)prior to its publicationin advance of any possible accidentby means of other than airmails96. The survey information upon which a chart is based is found .[单选题] *at the top center of the next linenear the chart title(正确答案)at the lower left cornerat any convenient location97. Navigation details including soundings, nature of the bottom, navigational marks etc. are shown in . [单选题] *small-scale chartsmedium-scale charts(正确答案)large-scale chartsnatural scale charts98. When navigating in high latitudes and using a chart based on a Lambert conformal projection, .[单选题] *a straight line drawn on the chart approximates a great circle(正确答案)the chart should not be used outside of the standard parallelsthe course angle is measured at the mid-longitude of the track linedistance cannot be measured directly from the chart99. Which statement about a gnomonic chart is CORRECT? [单选题] *A rhumb line appears as a straight line.Distance is measured at the mid-latitude of the track line.Meridians appear as curved lines converging toward the nearer pole.Parallels, except the equator, appear as curved lines.(正确答案)100. A pilot chart does NOT contain information about . [单选题] *average wind conditionstidal currents(正确答案)magnetic variationaverage limits of field ice。

再造几个月亮〔《放飞新思絮》11第一章《给地球插上翅膀》〕让阳光反射器即人造月亮与地球同步运行，将阳光返回地面为大城市照明，人造月亮将把整个成功之路照亮。

成功之路就是月亮之路。

人类的优秀分子从事太空技术已达半个世纪之久，他们是天堂的引路人，而大多数人类浑然不知太空技术为何物，行吗？“人造月亮”的太空计划早已出台，目前正利用太空穿梭机将微片组成的一组巨型阳光反射器送上太空，然后将阳光反射回地面作为城市的照明之用。

科学家预计将面积约1005米长，800米宽的反射镜送上环球轨道，可以为美国5个大城市在日落后提供照明，其亮度为月亮的65倍。

“人造月亮”上天后将与地球同步运行，在地球的3600平方公里区域上空大放光明。

这是新世纪的阿波罗神和人类一起开创的太空时代的一道风景。

1957年，前苏联发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，这是正在成长中的信息社会所缺少的技术催化剂。

前苏联人造卫星的真正重要性并不在于它带来了航天时代，而在于它开启了全球卫星通讯的时代。

1981年哥伦比亚号航天飞机的发射成功和引人注目的返回地面，对信息社会的重要性远远大于空间探索的重要性。

今天的太空船可以载重6500磅，体积约等于前苏联第一颗人造地球卫星的355倍，而且技术精确得多。

过去，地球卫星系统的复杂部件一定要放在地面发射站，但新的航天飞机可以发射较大的人造卫星，将人造卫星地面站的功能带人空间。

在新世纪，一块象地球上那样有山有水、风景秀丽、可以居住成千上万人的空间居民点，将会在环绕地球的轨道上运动。

这里的居民能够在没有污染和害虫的环境中生活，可以自己控制天气，可以在宇宙中旅行。

空间居民还可以利用月球的矿物资源，在空间工厂加工完美无缺的机器部件，制造纯净合金和药物，建造太阳能发电厂等。

人类的技术是有能力在空间进行非凡事业的，其中之一就是空间城市的设想。

新经济神曲在天宫已悦耳动听地唱响，在实现太空移民之前，满天的卫星已成网络之势，人类正在一颗颗发射，一颗颗收回。

注:只是提示，答案不唯一。

1.管理者如何不同于非管理者?管理者是指通过协调和监管其他人的活动以达到组织目标的人。

这个含义包括以下几层含义：①管理者的工作不是取得个人成就，而是帮助他人完成工作任务；②管理者的工作可能意味着协调一个部门的工作,可能意味着监管某个员工，还可能是协调一个团队的活动；③管理者可能承担与协调和监管他人工作无关的其他工作任务。

非管理者是指只从事事务性工作,不从事协调和监管他人的活动的人，他们服从管理者的领导。

2。

你的课程的授课教师是管理者吗？请分别用管理职能、管理角色、技能观点以及系统观点和权变观点讨论这个问题.是管理者。

（1)从管理者职能方面讲：①计划。

教师对每堂课的授课内容,所要达到的目标都有一个具体的安排.②组织.教师要组织课堂教学,还要保证整个学期这门课程的顺利进行,包括安排学习委员、班长等协助其教学工作的展开.③领导。

表现在教师指导和激励所有的学生用心学习，个别时候还会找学生谈话，对学习好的同学进行表彰。

④控制。

教师通过学生的反馈调整授课形式，并且制定一系列的课堂纪律保证教学的顺利进行，以达到预期的授课目标。

（2)从管理角色方面讲：①人际角色：老师在教室中就可以算是领导者,他直接为学生以及这节课上的好坏所负责，所以扮演领导者角色；同是老师和学生之间必须有联系、，才可以达到教学的目的，所以也是联络角色。

②信息角色：首先教师起一种监督的角色，他能通过监督学生和外界环境来获取更多的信息,以及能发现如何以最好的方式去教学,把自己的知识在课堂上传授给学生，在传授的过程中老师就要口述很多知识，这样老师就同时起着传播着的角色和发言人的角色。

③决策角色：老师在课堂上会提出很多与学生关注的问题，让学生来回答，同时他会引导学生们向正确的方向走进，把同学们的一些不正确的思想加以纠正,并且推断出比较完美的答案，来让同学们理解。

（3）从管理者技能方面讲:某门课的老师肯定对其领域的知识比较了解，而且知道用何种方法去教学是最有效的;老师在授课过程中在不断的和同学们交流、沟通，体现了老师与学生打交道与沟通的能力；在授课过程中可能会出现新的概念，老师会及时的处理，让同学们了解及吸收。