下载文档原格式
高考定语从句知识点总结定语从句是英语中非常重要和常见的一种语法结构，也是高考中经常考察的知识点之一。
定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词，起到进一步说明或限制的作用。
本文将结合例子对高考中常考的定语从句知识点进行总结。
一、定义和基本结构定语从句是一个从句，由引导词（也称为关系词）引导并与名词或代词相连，加以修饰。
引导词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词包括：that, which, who, whom, whose。
关系副词包括：where, when, why。
定语从句的基本结构为：关系代词/关系副词 + 先行词。
二、关系代词的用法1. that: 用于人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例句1：The book that you lent me is very interesting.例句2：This is the school that I used to study in.2. which: 用于事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例句1：I bought a new computer, which is very expensive.例句2：This is the house which my grandparents lived in.3. who: 用于人，在定语从句中作主语。
例句1：The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.例句2：I know a man who can speak five languages.4. whom: 用于人，在定语从句中作宾语。
例句1：He is the boy whom I met at the party.例句2：She is the teacher whom I respect a lot.5. whose: 用于人或事物，在定语从句中表示所属关系。
例句1：I have a friend whose father is a doctor.例句2：This is the company whose products are very popular.三、关系副词的用法1. where: 用于地点，在定语从句中表示地点。
高三定语从句知识点总结高三学生在英语学习中，定语从句是一个相对复杂的语法点。
准确理解和掌握定语从句的用法和结构对于正确运用此类句型至关重要。
本文将对高中阶段常见的定语从句知识点进行总结，旨在帮助同学们更好地学习和运用定语从句。
一、定语从句的定义与作用定语从句是包含在主句中的一个从句，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词，起到进一步限定、说明、描绘其特征或属性的作用。
二、定语从句的引导词常见的引导词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词包括when, where, why等。
三、定语从句的结构和用法1. 关系代词引导的定语从句，在定语从句中充当句子成分。
例如：The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
2. 关系代词和关系副词的选择取决于其在定语从句中所充当的角色。
例如：John is the boy who/that won the prize.约翰是那个获得奖金的男孩。
3. 定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词可省略。
例如：This is the house (which/that) I used to live in.这是我曾经住过的房子。
4. 关系代词whose用于表示所属关系，修饰物或人。
例如：Peter is the boy whose father is a doctor.彼得是个父亲是医生的男孩。
5. 关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句分别表示时间、地点和原因。
例如：I still remember the day when we first met.我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
四、特殊情况下的定语从句1. 在非限制性定语从句中，通常用逗号将其与主句分开。
例如：My brother, who is a teacher, lives in Beijing.我的哥哥是个老师，住在北京。
专题定语从句要点导航一、考点考点1：关系代词引导的定语从句考点2：不缺成分时的关系词选用（所属关系或关系副词做状语）考点3：介词+关系词=where / when / why考点4：as 引导的定语从句二、易错点：1）that 与which 的用法区别2）抽象地点名词与特殊先行词the way, the reason, time3）关系代词与关系副词混用：看到先行词为地点、时间，不加分析就填where、when。
4）并列句、状语从句、名词性从句与定语从句用法混淆5）定语从句中的主谓一致三、解题步骤：1.判断从句类型2.分析句子成分是否完整，选择相应的关系词n ____谓宾（缺主语）n + ____主+谓.....缺宾语（若v为不及物动词，则不缺宾语，此时需看先行词指的是when/where/why）n + ____主+谓+ 宾语（成分完整，此时需看先行词指的是when/where/why；还是whose）四、类型：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句______ 谓（宾）... . (which / who / as)______ 主+ 谓（宾）... . (when / where)主+ 谓...... ,______ 名... . (whose)介______ ... . (which / whom)eg. 1) People from all walks of life come to my house，from________I’ve gained lots of social experiences.2) No one can ignore the rich culture____(date) back to ancient times.3) Find a native Chinese, ________pronunciation is quite perfect to correct you.4) Our office wasn’t far from Chinatown, ________ I found some very good Chinese restaurant.5) There are many reasons _________ people want to engage in voluntourism.注意：定语从句中的省略现象。
语法复习：定语从句考点易错点归纳考点一：关系代词的用法1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1)The girl who/that is holding a pink umbrella is Jim’s sister.2)I like the novel Gone with the Wind very much, which is popular with readers all over the world.①形式上：非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。
②作用上：限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切，对主句起补充说明作用，去掉从句，意思仍然完整。
2.先行词+who/whom引导的定语从句：1)Most students like the teachers _________ can understand them.2)The professor ____________________they want to visit is president of the university.3)Anyone __________laughs last laughs best.4)Do you know the woman with ____________ my manager talked just now?①who在定语从句中作什么成分？②whom在定语从句中作什么成分？③who/whom什么时候可以省略？④什么时候只能用whom⑤先行词为指人的one, ones, anyone, those 时，关系代词常用who。
3.先行词+whose引导的定语从句：1)The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2)The school shop, whose customers are mainly students , is closed for the holiday.①whose :“…的”，其后紧跟______词，在定语从句中作________。
第12讲定语从句的4个易错点以及解题的3种方法备考指导定语从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。
解决定语从句类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断，是否可以通过运用还原法来做出正确的判断。
一、定语从句的4个易错点易错点1 as与which在定语从句中的区别正确判断找出先行词，看是否有“such”“the same”等词的修饰，是否翻译为“正如……”。
典例展示1A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.答案as解析关系代词指整个一句话A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life 。
as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。
典例展示2We recommend that our human beings treat the nature with t he same care ________ we give to our eyes.答案as解析先行词有the same修饰，其后定语从句则用that或as 引导。
that表示同一个物，as表示同类中的一个。
根据题意可知应用as。
易错点2 关系词在句中的作用判断失误定语从句中先行词为case, point, position, situation等词时，一定要确定它们在定语从句中所作的成分，如作状语，用关系副词where；作主/宾语时，用that或which。
英语定语从句易错点小结定语从句在英语学习中非常重要，在各种考试中，定语从句的内容也占有相当大的比例，尤其是在阅读理解题里最为常见。
如果对定语从句掌握不透，对内容的理解就会出现偏差，从而影响答题效果。
定语从句，顾名思义，在句子中充当定语，可修饰名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，而定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词引出。
请大家记住这两个概念，方便后面学习。
例：This is the book which I bought yesterday.上句中，book为先行词，which为引导词。
引导词一般为关系代词或关系副词。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
易错点1：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
这个规则一定要记住，因为也是经常出现的考点，且大家容易出现错误的地方。
例：This is the student who wants to see you.上一句中，先行词是student，是单数第三人称，而引导词who 在定语从句中作主语，这时候定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与student（先行词）一致，所以应该用单三形式。
例：There are some students who want to see you.上一句中，先行词是students，是复数形式，而引导词who在定语从句中作主语，这时候定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与students（先行词）一致，所以应该用复数形式。
易错点2：引导词that不可以置于介词后引导宾语从句。
例：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
上一句中，介词in后面的引导词不可以用that,只能用which.易错点3：引导词用关系代词或关系副词分不清。
高考定语从句知识点归纳在中学生的学习过程中，高考定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。
它是英语语法中的一个重要内容，也是高考中经常考察的题型之一。
了解和掌握高考定语从句的知识点对于学生能够在高考中取得好成绩具有重要意义。
本文将对高考定语从句的知识点进行归纳，帮助大家更好地理解和应用这一知识。
定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的句子，在句子中充当定语的作用。
它通常由关系词（that、which、who、whom、whose等）引导。
定语从句主要有三种类型：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和倒装定语从句。
首先来看限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是最常见的一种定语从句形式。
它对所修饰的名词或代词进行了限制，使得名词或代词的含义更加明确。
限制性定语从句通常由that、which、who、whom引导。
其中，that主要用于指物，which主要用于指物，who主要用于指人，whom则用于指人作宾语。
限制性定语从句的位置一般是紧跟被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
）接下来是非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的解释或补充信息，并且与主句之间使用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句通常由关系代词which或关系副词when、where、why引导。
这种定语从句一般用于描述事物的性质、特征或状态。
例如：My sister, who is a teacher, loves children.（我的姐姐是一个教师，她喜欢孩子。
）最后是倒装定语从句。
倒装定语从句位于被修饰的名词或代词之前，整个定语从句都做主语。
通常情况下，倒装定语从句由表地点、方式、原因、目的的状语引导，且常用连词地位的介词+which引导。
例如：In the garden stands a tree, round which we used to play.（花园里有一棵树，我们过去在它旁边玩耍。
高三英语定语从句易错易混点改错1. 1) The changes have taken place in the past years make the city look even more beautiful.2) Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your name, please.2. 1) Those compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.2) After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child there3.1)what has been mentioned above, the number of senior high school students is increasing.2) It is known to all, smoking does harm to health.3) Tom drinks a lot everyday, as his wife doesn’t like at all.4. China has hundreds of islands. The largest _________ is Taiwan.China has hundreds of islands, the largest _________ is Taiwan.5. 1) What I missed badly are those happy hours when I spent together with them2) I lived in Kong Hong, where is the Special Administrative Zone.3) Is this museum the one where some friends visited the other day?6. 1) I, who is your close friend, will certainly help you when you are in trouble2) This is the only one of the tape –recorders in the sound lab that don’t need repairing.7.1) That was the best way we could think of saving the dying worker.2) The person he is speaking to giving us a talk on computers yesterday.3) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine he have had it repaired went wrong again.8. 1) When you read the book, you must make a markat which you have any question.2) You should make it a rule at a place at where you can find it again.9. Where did you meet Lihua ? ---it was in the shop that I do shopping.It was the school gate that I met Lihua .10.We all stood on the top of the high building, from which we could see the whole city.。
定语从句易错点易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用■She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where。
【分析】正确答案为A。
在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。
一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。
上面一题中的动词spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。
比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where请再做一组试题(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which(答案均选A)：选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词bought 的宾语；选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。
定语从句知识梳理1. 定语从句的概念定语从句（也称形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
2. 定语从句的关系词易错知识点1. 混淆that 和which 的用法that 和which 都是关系代词，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语。
一般来说，当先行词是物的时候，两者都可以用，但并不是都通用。
要注意一些只能用that 或者只能用which的特殊情况。
1.1 易错例题1This is the very book ________I've looked everywhere for.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【陷阱】误选D。
认为A/D都正确。
【分析】最佳答案A。
本句是定语从句，先行词为the very book，切忌看到物就直接选which，要注意这里book前面有the very 修饰，关系词只能用that。
【点拨】只能用that的情况有：☆当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none 及some-，any-，no-，every- 与thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。
如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.没有事情会阻止我们进步。
☆当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。
如：This is the only problem that we can't work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
☆当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。
如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
☆当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。
如：Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
☆当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。
如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
☆当主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。
如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?1.1 易错例题2The pencil-case, ____ I bought last week, is missing.A. thatB. itC. whichD. what【陷阱】误选A。
【分析】最佳答案为C。
虽然先行词是The pencil-case，但这里是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，只能用which。
【点拨】只用which的情况有：☆当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。
如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒，我上周买的，现在不见了。
☆关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。
如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
☆先行词为代词that 或that 所修饰时，只能用which。
如：I don't take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。
2. 混淆主谓一致在定从中的用法定语从句中的谓语动词在人称与数上应该与先行词保持一致。
2.1 易错例题1The factory was built in a secret place, around high mountains.A. which wasB. it wasC. which wereD. them were【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。
【考题再现】The activities took place in an old building, beside the city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are【分析】答案为C，倒装句，句子主语为the city police station。
2.1 易错例题2This is the very one of the most interesting films shown last week.A. which wasB. that wasC. which wereD. that were【陷阱】误选C。
One of +名词+从句时，从句谓语动词用复数。
【分析】答案选B。
若将the very去掉，那么本题选D。
【点拨】one of 的用法：☛在one of+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句”中，先行词是其中的“复数名词”，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
如：He is one of the students who have been to Beijing.☛在“the only/the very one of + 复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句”中，先行词是the only one/ the very one因此，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
如：She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.3. 混淆关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词的区分，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词；若不是用作状语，而是用作主语、宾语等，则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。
☛比较下列句子：1. This is the factory where I want to work.这就是我想工作的工厂。
(work为不及物动词，where在定语从句中用作状语。
)2. This is the factory that I want to visit.这就是我想参观的工厂。
(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语。
)3. The reason why he can't come is that he is ill.他没来的是因为他病了。
(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语。
)4. The reason that he put forth is very important.他提出的理由很重要。
(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语。
)3.1 易错例题1She says that she'll never forget the time _______ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【陷阱】容易误选B，有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词when，地点名词就一定要用关系副词where。
【分析】最佳答案为A。
在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。
一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。
上面一题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。
【考题再现】She says that she'll never forget the time ____ she works as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【分析】由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when。
【点拨】用关系代词，还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。
如：I can never forget the day when we worked together and the day which we spent together. (work 是不及物动词；spend是及物动词)3.1 易错例题2A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ____ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。
以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。
此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，在从句中做地点状语。
句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？【考题拓展】In an hour, we can travel to places ______would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what【陷阱】places在这里表示地点,考生容易据此就认为空格处应填入where，选A。
【分析】答案选C。
因为空格后接的是谓语would have taken，从句部分缺少主语，所以空格处待填入的关系词在从句中充当的应该是主语成分，而关系副词where不能作主语，因此，选C。
