专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

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专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

（2）祈使语气 (imperative mood) 祈使语气用来表示请求、命令和劝告等。 eg. Don’t be late. Be quiet! Let’s have a break.

（3）虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气是一组特别的动词形式，用来表示要求、建议、命令、意愿和假设等。 eg. If there were no air, all living things would die. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.

2. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

eg. A more careful student wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She must have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school.

(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)

专四语法精讲-虚拟语气(内部资料)

if only和would that后用虚拟语气：谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是….就好了”。例如：If only she had known where to find you. Would that I had seen her before she died. 在她死前我能见她一面就好了
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟条件句
条件从句与现在事实相反 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they)+ 动词过去式（be动词的过去式一律用were）与过去事实相反 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + had +过去分词 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) +would have +过去分词与将来事实相反 A式：一般过去式 B式：were +不定式 C式：should + 动词原形 Would (should) +动词原形结果主句 I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + would +动词原形
What would people say about him, whose wife should take bribes?
要是他的妻子接受贿赂的话，人们会怎样说他呢？（定语从句）
含蓄条件句：有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。这是要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，称为含蓄条件句。例如：I would do anything for you. (if I could)

专四语法可可英语

专四语法可可英语好的，以下是一篇有关可可英语专四语法的文章：可可英语专四语法精讲一、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分，在专四考试中也是必考的知识点。

虚拟语气用来表示与实际情况相反的情况或者表达主观上的愿望、建议、猜测等。

虚拟语气的用法包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反三种情况。

1. 与现在事实相反：使用动词的过去式（be动词用were），从句使用would+动词原形。

例如：If I were you，I would choose to study abroad.（如果我是你，我会选择出国留学。

）2. 与过去事实相反：使用“would+have+过去分词”，从句使用“had+过去分词”。

例如：If we had known the answer，we would have told you.（如果我们知道答案，我们早就告诉你了。

）3. 与将来事实相反：使用“would+动词原形”，从句使用“were+to+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”。

例如：If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be postponed.（如果明天下雨，足球比赛就会被推迟。

）二、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的另一个重要知识点，也是专四考试的重点。

定语从句用来修饰名词，通常放在所修饰名词之后。

引导定语从句的关联词包括that、which、who、whose等。

1. 使用that的情况：当先行词为all、something、nothing、this等不定代词时，或者先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，多用that引导定语从句。

例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（这是我读过的最有趣的书。

）2. 使用which的情况：当引导词前面有逗号或放在句末时，通常使用which。

专四语法(虚拟语气)

4） it is time (that), it is high time
(that)句型中谓语动词用过去时，句型中， (that) 句型中，谓语动词用过去时，或者 should+动词原形此时的should 动词原形， should不能省是should+动词原形，此时的should不能省略，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是 ……了早该…… ……了 “该……了、早该……了” It‘s already 5 o’clock now．Don‘t you think it’s about time we went home？ It’s time you should do cleaning.
if， though引导的从句 5）以as if，as though引导的从句 as though (as if)，意为“好像、仿佛”。as though/as if都可以引导方式状语从句或表词从句，在连系动词之后引导表词从句，在行为动词之后引导方式状语从句。as if/as though引导的从句既可用陈述语气又可用虚拟语气。如果说话者认为句子所述的是事实或是或极有可能发生的事实时，则从句用陈述语气；如果表示的事情发生的可能性不大或非真实的情况，则从句用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句动词形式变化相同。
3）would rather + 句子（过去时）句子（过去时）表示“ 宁愿、宁可” 语气比较委婉，表示 “ 宁愿、宁可 ” ，语气比较委婉，后接过去式。 ---I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would C. came D. have come ---It is getting late. I’d rather you ____now. (2011.61) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave

专四虚拟语气

虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。

条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。

(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。

但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。

如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。

If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。

(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

如：If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

专四常考语法结构3虚拟语气

If only the committee __ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve D 注意：当if only后的句子表示与现在或将来事实相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would + 动词原形。
• I insist that we_______ (go) there by bus. • He susggested that we _________ (leave) early. • The judge ordered that the prisoner________ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
• I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
• 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
错综时态的虚拟语气
• 错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理，即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对应的结构。Eg.

专四语法第13节-虚拟语气

第十三节虚拟语气虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。

一if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.if非真实条件句的基本用法由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可以分为以下三类：The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送往医院，他本来就有机会活下来的。

（与过去事实相反）If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。

（与现在事实相反）If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。

（表将来）[专四真题] If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been译文：如果没有虚拟语气，英语学习起来就会更容易了。

分析：本题表示与现在事实相反的假设。

表现与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去时，主句使用should(would)+动词原形，故B为答案。

A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设，与从句所表示的现在事实不吻合；C项will be 不可以用于虚拟语气中；D 是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。

2.省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时，可将if省去，把were, had或should等提到主句之前，引起倒装。

2英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气

虚拟语气
条件句
• 条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。
与将来事实相反也可以用过去时：were, did
虚拟语气的几个句型
• 1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 • A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 • B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 • C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词。 • The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. • ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” • ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” • I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虚拟语气常用句型
12. 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。 A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： • ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 • command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 • determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 • move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 • prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 • recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 • urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求 • 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 • She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） • She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） • She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)

英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点

英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词)、as的特殊用法。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点，希望能给大家带来帮助!英语专四语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。

例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。

四级虚拟语气详解

英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词主语＋should, would, might,could＋have done与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语＋should, would，might,could＋动词原形eg: If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.注意：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整1、If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．2、If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．错综时间条件句例题：Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A.areB. wereC. would beD. would have been 解析：这是个混合型的虚拟语气，前面是个省略加倒装句，还原后是 If you had listen to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听医生的话，现在病都好了。

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5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were [A] 6. I was to have made a speech if _____. (97, 51) A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away [C]
(3)识别事实和假设混合句： (3)识别事实和假设混合句： Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and makeexplained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子 (句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实) 前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实) week.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)
desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, advise, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, insist, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如： eg. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.
2.名词性从句的虚拟形式 2.名词性从句的虚拟形式
从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。 (1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊奇、 (1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊奇、不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：
真题举例：
1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, there.（ 49） 49） A. weren’t weren’ B. hasn’t been hasn’ C. hadn’t been hadn’ D. wouldn’t be wouldn’ [C] 2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer. （98, 43） 43） A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need [B]
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动 (2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：
advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, essential, necessary, imperative, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, surprised。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.
辨析：The 辨析：The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____ for that. ( 2003,57) A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared 【详解】在It is essential/important等结构中，可以详解】 essential/important等结构中，可以用不定式结构或从句，但从句必须用虚拟语气，因此四个选项中只有[A]符合要求。[B]项的谓语动因此四个选项中只有[A]符合要求。[B]项的谓语动词如改为“ prepared” 词如改为“be prepared”或“should be prepared”则 prepared” 正确。
Hale Waihona Puke 5. I am surprised ____ this city is a dull place to live in. ( 2006, 57) A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking [A]
3. If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (98, 43 ) A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need [B]
真题举例：真题举例：
1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _____ much better results now. (08, 52) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get [D] 2. _____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand ? (04,54) A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised [A]
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： (2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) 主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) 主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
真题举例：真题举例：
1. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues [C] 2. It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract [C]
虚拟语气
1.主从句谓语动词的时态 1.主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配: (1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主句与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 would/情态动词过去式+do 过去式+do 与过去事实相反 would/情态动词 would/情态动词过去式+have 过去式+have done 与将来事实相反 would/情态动词 would/情态动词过去式+do 过去式+do 从句 were (不分人 (不分人称)/did had done should do / were to do
真题举例：真题举例：
1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. （07, 60） 60） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C] 2. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (05, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had [C]

专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

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