measureconfirm-学易试题君之每日一题君2018学年下学期高一英语人教版(课堂同步系列一)

measure的用法和搭配一、measure的基本用法1. 衡量和计量：measure作为动词常用于表示对事物进行衡量或计量。

例如：“The scientist measured the distance between the two planets.”（科学家测量了两颗行星之间的距离。

）在这个例子中，measure被用来表示对距离进行测量。

2. 表示尺寸或大小：measure也可以表示尺寸或大小。

例如：“She took her measurements for the dress.”（她为裙子测量了自己的尺寸。

）这句话中，measure表示对身体尺寸进行测量。

3. 评估和判断：除了衡量和计量，measure还可以表示评估或判断某事物的特征、价值或重要性。

例如：“The success of a company cannot be solely measured by its profit.”（一家公司的成功不能仅仅从其利润来衡量。

）这里，measure被用来表示对公司成功与否的评估。

二、常见搭配1. take measures: 意为采取措施以解决问题或应对情况。

例如：“The government has taken measures to protect the environment.”（政府已经采取措施保护环境。

）在这个例子中，take measures意味着政府采取了具体的行动以应对环境问题。

2. beyond measure: 意为无法计量或衡量。

例如：“Her love for her children is beyond measure.”（她对孩子的爱是无法估量的。

）这句话表达了母爱的深沉与无限。

3. in equal measure: 意为平等地、同样程度上。

例如：“She loved adventure and danger in equal measure.”（她同等程度地热爱冒险和危险。

AWashington, D.C. Bicycle Tours华盛顿特区骑行之旅Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.华盛顿特区樱花骑行之旅Duration: 3 hours时长：3小时This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —the cherry blossoms—disappear!华盛顿特区的樱花举世闻名，而这一短途团体自行车旅行正是欣赏如此美景的一种非常好的方式。

一路上，导游会给你讲有关这些樱桃树的历史，以及在这樱花盛开的地方屹立的那些闻名于世的名胜古迹。

但请在樱花凋谢之前预订。

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour华盛顿纪念碑骑行之旅Duration:3 hours (4 miles)时长：3小时（4英里）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.加入这一由导游带领的自行车之旅，一起去看看华盛顿特区那些最受欢迎的纪念碑吧。

1 2018年12月19日nor 引起的倒装和＂only+状语＂位于句首重要程度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆1. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____________ it a thought.A. does he even givenB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even give【参考答案】C【拓展延伸】＂和……一样……＂倒装：1.当否定词nor 放在句首时，句子要使用部分倒装语序，即＂Nor+系动词be/情态动词/助动词+主语＂，表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，意为＂也不……＂，可用neither替换nor 。

2. ＂so ＋系动词be(情态动词或助动词)＋(与前句不同的)主语＂表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物，表示＂也是这样；也是如此＂。

3. 如果前者的两种不同情况也适合后者的话，则用It is the same with sb./sth.或So it is with sb./sth.句式。

4.＂so＋(与前句相同的)主语＋系动词be(情态动词或助动词) ＂表示赞同，确实。

即后一句只是单纯地重复前面句子的意思，此时不倒装。

学@科网2. (2015·湖南) Only after talking to two students that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A. I did discoverB. did I discoverC. I discoveredD. discovered。

重要程度：★★☆☆☆难易程度：★★★☆☆The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____________ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied【参考答案】D【拓展延伸】with的复合结构为＂with +宾语(n. /pron. )+宾语补足语＂。

在句中with复合结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件等。

with复合结构在句中也可以作定语。

with复合结构的具体形式：☛He often sleeps with the windows open. 他经常开着窗睡觉。

☛The building looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都开着，这楼看起来更加漂亮。

☛The teacher went into the classroom with some books in his hand. 老师手里拿着几本书走进教室。

1. _____________ production up by 60 %, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through2. _____________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. BesidesB. WithC. As forD. Because of3. _____________our food _____________, we had to walk to a village for help.A. Since; runs outB. Because; run outC. With; running outD. For; running out4. When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, _____________ his lips moving.A. asB. withC. forD. through5. —You should have prepared your speech for the meeting, Mrs Smith .—Yes, I know. But how could I_____________ the meeting date fixed so soon .（2005东北三校联考）A. whileB. asC. afterD. with6. _____________ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By2. B 【解析】考查介词with复合结构。

【阅读七选五】2018全国卷高考英语七选五2018全国卷I 七选五Color is fundamental in home design—something you’llalways have in every room. A grasp of how to manage colorin your spaces is one of the first steps to creating roomsyou’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life?Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relaxafter a long day?36, color is the key to making a roomfeel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of differenttechniques to help designers approach this important point.37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones, themedium ones, and the large ones.38 . They’re the little spots of color like throwpillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to addvisual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting yourwalls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, smallcolor choices bring with them the significant benefit ofbeing easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture piecessuch as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you’re looking forC. If you’re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways答案：36-40 BADGF2018全国卷II 七选五If you are already making the time to exercise, it isgood indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try andfind the time to work out. 36 Working out in themorning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makesyou more awakeand ready to handle whatever is ahead ofyou for the day. 37●Your metabolism (新陈代谢)gets a head start.38 If you workout in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.●39 Studies found that people who woke up earlyfor exerciseslept better than those who exercised in theevening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult torelax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.40 If you work out bright and early in themorning, you willbe more likely to stick to healthy foodchoices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin theirgood workout by eating junkfood?You will want tocontinue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially inthe mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and pushyourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours afterexercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn caloriesthroughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or you’redoing it now, then listen up!答案:36-40 GEFBA2018全国卷III七选五Before there was the written word,there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate, joyand sorrow, life and death, andeverything else in between.36 We dance from Florida toAlaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays,office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges,the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I can’t imagine doing anything else withmy life,”Bridges runs dance classesfor all ages.“Teaching dancing iswonderful. 37 It’s great towatch them. For many of them, it’s away of meeting pe ople and havin g asocial life.”38 “I can tell you about one youngcouple,”saysBridges.“They’relearning to do traditional dances.Theyarrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.39 ”So, do we dance in order to makeourselves feel better, calmer,health ier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beatingheart, is life. Even after all theseyears, I want to get better and better.40I find it hard to stop!Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”A. So why do we dance?B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.C. If you like dancing outdoors, cometo America.D. My older students say it makesthem feel young.E. I keep practicing even when I’mextremely tired.F. Dancing seems to change theirfeeling completely.G. They stayed up all night longsinging and dancing.答案: 36-40 BDAFG。

2018年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第一部分听力（共两节）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上．录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上．第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来冋答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．例：How much is the shirt？A.£19.15.B. £9.18. C £9.15.答案是C。

1．（1.50分）What will James do tomorrow？A．Watch a TV program．B．Give a talk．C．Write a report．2．（1.50分）What can we say about the woman？A．She's generous．B．She's curious．C．She's helpful．3．（1.50分）When does the train leave？A．At 6：30．B．At 8：30．C．At 10：30．4．（1.50分）How does the woman go to work？A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bike．5．（1.50分）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates．B．Teacher and student．C．Doctor and patient．第二节（每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．毎段对话或独白读两遍．6．（3.00分）听第6段材料，回答下列各题．（1）What does the woman regret？A．Giving up her research．B．Dropping out of college．C．Changing her major．（2）What is the woman interested in studying now？A．Ecology．B．Education．C．Chemistry．7．（3.00分）听第7段材料，回答下列各题．（1）What is the man？A．A hotel manager．B．A tour guide．C．A taxi driver．（2）What is the man doing for the woman？A．Looking for some local foods．B．Showing her around the seaside．C．Offering information about a hotel．8．（4.50分）听第8段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Where does the conversation probably take place？A．In an office．B．At home．C．At a restaurant．（2）What will the speakers do tomorrow evening？A．Go to a concert．B．Visit a friend．C．Work extra hours．（3）Who is Alice going to call？A．Mike．B．Joan．C．Catherine．9．（6.00分）听第9段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Why does the woman meet the man？A．To look at an apartment．B．To deliver some furniture．C．To have a meal together．（2）What does the woman like about the carpet？A．Its color．B．Its design．C．Its quality．（3）What does the man say about the kitchen？A．It's a good size．B．It's newly painted．C．It's adequately equipped．（4）What will the woman probably do next？A．Go downtown．B．Talk with her friend．C．Make payment．10．（6.00分）听第10段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Who is the speaker probably talking to？A．Movie fans．B．News reporters．C．College students．（2）When did the speaker take English classes？A．Before he left his hometown．B．After he came to America．C．When he was 15 years old．（3）How does the speaker feel about his teacher？A．He's proud．B．He's sympathetic．C．He's grateful．（4）What does the speaker mainly talk about？A．How education shaped his life．B．How his language skills improved．C．How he managed his business well．第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.11．（6.00分）AWashington，D．C．Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world﹣famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D．C．Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom．Reserve your spot before availability ﹣and the cherry blossoms ﹣disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D．C．Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop．Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C．newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D．C．in a healthy way with minimum effort．Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks．Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D C．Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall．Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history．Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water．All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights．（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance？A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour．C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour．（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？A．Meet famous people．B．Go to a national park．C．Visit well﹣known museums．D．Enjoy interesting stories．（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？A．City maps．B．Cameras．C．Meals．D．Safety lights．12．（8.00分）BGood Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role ﹣showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget．In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day．And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11．"We love Mexican churros，so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，'' she explains，"I pay £5 for a portion（一份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion，because they are flour，water，sugar and oil．Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves．"The eight﹣part series （系列节目），Save Money：Good Food，follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market．With food our biggest weekly household expense．Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week．In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget．The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes．（1）What do we know about Susanna Reid？A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests．B．She has started a new programme．C．She dislikes working early in the morning．D．She has had a tight budget for her family．（2）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna？A．He buys cooking materials for her．B．He prepares food for her kids．C．He assists her in cooking matters．D．He invites guest families for her．（3）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？A．Summarize the previous paragraphs．B．Provide some advice for the readers．C．Add some background information．D．Introduce a new topic for discussion．（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？A．Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB．Balancing Our Daily DietC．Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD．Cooking Well for Less13．（8.00分）CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going．When the world was still populated by hunter﹣gatherers，small，tightly knit （联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other．Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them．Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number．In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation﹣state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation andbetter communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over．At present，the world has about 6，800 languages．The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven．The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers．Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800．The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that．Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction （消亡），with only a few elderly speakers left．Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers），Chiapaneco in Mexico （150），Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three）or Wadjigu in Australia （one，with a question﹣mark）：none of these seems to have much chance of survival．（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter﹣gatherer times？A．They developed very fast．B．They were large in number．C．They had similar patterns．D．They were closely connected．（2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？A．Complex．B．Advanced．C．Powerful．D．Modern．（3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？A．About 6，800．B．About 3，400．C．About 2，400．D．About 1，200．（4）What is the main idea of the text？A．New languages will be created．B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages．C．Human development results in fewer languages．D．Geography determines language evolution．14．（8.00分）DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go out of style．That's bad news for the environment ﹣and our wallets ﹣as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things．To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life ﹣from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device．This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s．Devices were grouped by generation．Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box﹣set TVs defined 1992．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997．And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e﹣readers showed up in 2007．As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones．"The living﹣room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher．The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007．We're not just keeping these old devices﹣we continue touse them．According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window．So what's the solution（解决方案）？The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing．They found that more on﹣demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%．（1）What does the author think of new devices？A．They are environment﹣friendly．B．They are no better than the old．C．They cost more to use at home．D．They go out of style quickly．（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research？A．To reduce the cost of minerals．B．To test the life cycle of a product．C．To update consumers on new technology．D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices．（3）Which of the following uses the least energy？A．The box﹣set TV．B．The tablet．C．The LCD TV．D．The desktop computer．（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？A．Stop using them．B．Take them apart．C．Upgrade them．D．Recycle them．第二节（毎小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。

绝密★启用前|1考试研究中心命制2019-2019学年上学期期中原创卷02高一历史（考试时间: 90分钟试卷满分: 100分）注意事项:1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答第Ⅰ卷时, 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时, 将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4. 测试范围：人教必修1第1—4单元。

5．考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷一、选择题: 本题共30个小题, 每小题2分, 共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中, 只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．西周初年多地发生叛乱, 周公东征, 平定了殷地的“三监之乱”, 征服了殷商在东方的势力后, 分封齐、鲁、燕、卫等国。

这说明西周时期A. 分封制是当时的一项制度创新B. 实现了对东方的垂直管理C. 分封制是巩固统治的重要手段D. 政治中心开始向东部转移2．家（族）谱是一种以表谱形式, 记载一个以血缘关系为主体的家族世系繁衍和重要人物事迹的特殊图书体裁, 是中国特有的文化遗产。

自古以来我国民间十分重视修订家谱, 最可能是受到A. 古代禅让制的影响B. 古代宗法制的影响C. 古代分封制的影响D. 传统美德的影响3．汤因比在《人类与大地母亲》中指出, 统一了中国的诸侯国秦国国王嬴政采用了“始皇帝”的称号, 这是因为中国历史上从未出现过一个拥有整个中华文明覆盖范围的中央集权型帝国。

作者认为嬴政最大的贡献在于A. 废除分封制B. 实行郡县制C. 建立皇帝制度D. 开创统一格局4. 读下图,西汉刺史“以六条问事,非条所问,即不省”。

这表明西汉刺史A. 定位准确,行之有效B. 吏治民情,无所不察C. 权力大,可先斩后奏D. 监察郡县官吏和豪强5．钱穆先生在《中国历代政治得失》中写到: 政府一切最高命令, 皆由中书省发出。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were readyto lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?〞before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!〞Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, onlyfive of the 30 children paired with the “20〞tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways tocombine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other so urce, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separatingfact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 foun d they use “distributed trust〞 to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,〞 the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reli ance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,〞 more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a th ird say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news〞 via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility incounteracting this problem,〞 says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up〞(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust〞29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled〞 the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misse s the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that ourlives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. Thedata of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue.Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s cos ts. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you arerequired to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepareplans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side ofthe White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied,with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarterof the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. WinstonChurchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in boththe national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one ofthe best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOBwas finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of theexisting Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and thetraveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment;and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming〞 instead. (10 points) Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the picture briefly2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案容进展核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。

1 重要程度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆(2017•天津改编) I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn ’t _____________ (直到) I finished film studies _____________ I pursued my career as an actress.【参考答案】until; that【拓展延伸】n ot…until 有三种句型，即：正常语序、倒装语序和强调句型。

1.正常语序☛The mother didn ’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. ☛I didn’t know the truth of it until the next day.2. 倒装语序☛Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.☛Not until the next day did I know the truth of it.3. 强调句型☛It was not until the child fell asleep that the mother left the room.☛It was not until the next day that I knew the truth of it.【特别注意】1. until 意为＂直到＂，表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间。

用在肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是可延续性的；not…until… ＂直到……才＂，表示直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为并没有发生。

用在否定句中，主句中的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。

学科&网2. 在not …until 句型中，主句中的动词均为短暂性动词，如leave ，start 等。