高三英语句子结构

高三英语语法专项复习句子结构及成分考点1.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。

实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。

如：He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词)I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词）助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。

这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。

⑴帮助构成时态的：The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词)I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting 一起作谓语，是助动词。

）⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)⑶帮助构成被动语态的Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词)The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词)⑷帮助构成虚拟语气If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。

)⑸帮助构成倒装句的So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。

高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

the sun rises in the east. （名词）he likes dancing.（代词）twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe.（不定式）what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

we study english. he is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

he is a teacher. （名词）seventy-four! you don’t look it. （代词）five and five is ten. （数词）he is asleep. （形容词）his father is in. （副词）the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）the question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.her voice sounds sweet. tom looks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.the door remains open. now i feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾i like china. （名词）he hates you. （代词）how many do you need? we need two. （数词）we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）共7页，当前第1页1234567i hope to see you again. （不定式）did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

高三英语语法专项复习句子结构及成分考点1.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。

实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。

如：住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词)He lives quite near. (live“买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词）I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。

这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。

⑴帮助构成时态的：The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词)I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting 一起作谓语，是助动词。

）⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：Does h e like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)⑶帮助构成被动语态的Trees a re planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词)The house h as been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词)⑷帮助构成虚拟语气have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。

)⑸帮助构成倒装句的So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。

高三英语句子结构讲解（彻底搞清句子结构）句子结构1.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

2.英语五种基本句型结构如下：ＳＶ（主＋谓）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）表语（predicative）1). 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

2). 基本句型二：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语及物动词（词组）宾语”构成。

3). 基本句型三：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。

这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。

间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为：动词间接宾语直接宾语。

例如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)强调间接宾语顺序为：动词直接宾语介词（to\for）间接宾语。

例如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词时，只能用：动词代词直接宾语介词间接宾语。

例如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。

（需借助for的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。

英语连词成句的小窍门
英语连词成句的小窍门有：看清标点符号、注意句式、检查纠错，答连词成句题的步骤。

看清标点符号
1.如果是句号,则是陈述语句.陈述句的基本结构就是主语+谓语+宾语而构成的。

2.如果是问号,则是疑问语句.要先看是特殊疑问句还是由情态动词引导的疑问句。

注意句式
如果要求连陈述句，我们可以采用以下方法：
1.陈述句的基本结构就是主语+谓语+宾语而构成的。

所以，首先找到人称代词，或者名词，把这些词放在句首。

然后要找到动词，这些动词一般是：Be(am,is, are),或实意动词后。

时间地点居最后，地点在前，时间在后。

2.如果是问号，则是疑问语句。

就要先看是特殊疑问句还是由be 动词或情态动词引导的疑问句。

检查纠错
注意句子是否完整排列好后，仔细多读几遍，看看句子是否通顺。

注意字母的大小写。

句子开头首字母要大写，应该是不断提及的话题。

在英语中经常需要的大写的有每句话的开头字母、人名、专有名
词等。

答题步骤
1、先明白每一个单词的意思，再组合成一句话。

2、要注意英语句子和汉语句子的语序有时是不同的。

3、注意组合成的句子单词数量不能多也不能少。

有时粗心，会多出一个或少一个单词。

4、抄写时要特别注意不以抄错单词。

5、特别注意使用标点符号要正确。

6、句子开头的首字母一定要大写。

实战演练1．划分句子基本句型:简单句，并列句，复合句1) I put a piece of cantaloupe underneath the microscope。

( )2)While fishing in the blue lagoon, I caught a lovely silver fish. ( )3) They Say if you step on a crack, you will break your mother's back. ( )4) I am walking into a room, and it's rather dark in here ( )5)My voice was low, rough, and cracked. ( )6)I opened my eyes and looked up at the rain, and it dripped in my head and flowed into my brain. ( )7) They say that once in Zanzibar a boy stuck out his tongue so far that it reached the heavens and touched a star, which burned him rather badly. ( )8) I'm going to Camp Wonderful beside Lake Paradise across from Blissful Mountain in the Valley of the Nice. ( )9) I joke with the boys and have intimate chats with the girls. ( )10)The animals snarled and screeched and growled and whinnied and whimpered and hooted and howled and gobbled up the whole ice cream stand. ( )2.在空格处填入适当的词语，使句子结构完整1）“ this stone for a throne, I look down on my pond, I cannot look down on the places beyond."2)Feasts must be solemn and rate they cease to be feasts,3) She didn't know much about law, she was glad to (protect) with a lawyer of her own.4) Weeks passed, . the little Rabbit grew very old and Shabby, the Boy loved him just as much.5) The old man said almost nothing on the drives , he Seemed (please) with his grandson's labors.6) Always go to other people's funerals; they won't go to yours.7) The site was ready ,the construction crew was ready, _______ the materials were ready,______ , the weather was not cooperative.8) my brother got his pants leg caught on the top of a high fence and hung upside down, (weep) and (mutter) curses because his pants were newly torn and Mother would spank him for sure, no angel was with him.9) " volume upon volume (write) to prove slavery a very good thing, we never hear of the man wishes to take the good of it by being a slave himself." 10) In America everybody is of the opinion he has no social superiors, and all men are equal, he does not admit , he has no social inferiors, for from the time of Jefferson onward, the doctrine all men are equal applies only upwards, not downwards.3.按要求改句子1．He dares to tell the truth. (改为否定句)2．They nave lived Here for more than ten years(对画线部分提问）3．There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ?(完成反意疑问) 4．You must be careful with you pronunciation(改为祈使句)5．They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening．(改为一般疑问句）6．It is an interesting story（改为感叹句）7．This magazine comes out every other week .(对画线部分提问）8．They could hardly believe his words, ？（完成反意疑问）9．The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10．Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（对画线部分提问)4．完成句子1)They didn't manage to do so. ．（我们也没能）2)Not only ．those who lay behind, but we should try to help them(我们不该小瞧)3)Not until noon snowing.（雪才停）4)Only by this means 。

一、语法部分►1.八大句子成分一主语——动作或状态的执行者主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。

主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。

①The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now.我们学校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。

(名词短语作主语)②To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.首先，我想强调的是下星期五上午10点在教学楼第8教室我们将开始下堂课。

(从句作主语)③Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.日常生活中养成好习惯对我们非常有益。

(动名词短语作主语)即时练1[单句写作]①不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。

(名词短语作主语)______________ like different seasons; ______________ is spring.②与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。

(不定式短语作主语)______________________ is the second thing you should learn.③我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们班赠书之事。

(从句作主语)______________________ is about our school's donation of books to your class.答案：①Different people; my favourite season②To get along well with others ③What I am going to tell you二谓语——主语的行为或状态英语中动词一共分为三大类：实义动词、连系动词和助动词，实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

独立主格结构常见类型与其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词〔副〕词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。

独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。

如：1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A.There beingB.BeingC.Having beenD.There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there beingB.As there wasC.BeingD.There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.BeingB.There beingC.It beingD.Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.As it beingB.BeingC.It isD.As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。

如：1._________, the train started.A.The signal givenB.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2.__________, the train started.A.After having given the signalB.After the signal givenC.Giving the signalD.After the signal was given3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new wordsB.New words explainedC.Being explained new wordsD.Having explained new words4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB.Explaining new wordsB.New words explaining D.Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词〔副词〕该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表〞结构。

2020 届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（三十一）高考语法句子成分（主谓宾表定状补同位）考点最全整理解析学习句子成分有几点须弄明白1. 句子的主干部分：主、谓、宾、表；句子的修饰成分：定、状、补、同位语2. 句子中某一成分不要只理解为一个单词，它可以是以单词、词组或句子的形式出现；3. 分清整体与局部的关系；要明白XX作XX的（成分）；如：... 作... 的宾语；4. 主、宾、表、同表示名词性质；定语表示形容词性质；状语表副词性质5. 短语动词，短语名词可当成一个单词来看，不必拆分，所以学习单词时最好以意群或语块为单位进行；6. 词性是对单词进行分类，是一个单词的性质; 成分是对句子而言, 一个成分可以是单词，短语，句子, 是句子中的某一个意群。

1一．主语a. 谓语动词前，动作的执行者。

1. English is widely used all over the world.2. We like English very much.3. They often speak English after class.4. One third of the students in our class are good at English.5. To master a foreign language is necessary.=It is necessary to master a foreign language.6. To swim in summer is a great pleasure.=It is a great pleasure to swim in summer.7. Playing football in the street is dangerous.8. Learning new words is very useful to me.9. What he said is true.10. Why he failed the English exam wasn' t clear.2二．谓语a. 主语所做的动作或具有的状态。

简单句的五种基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：主语 谓语用符号表示为：① Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）③ Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）主语（subject ） 谓语（predicate ）宾语（object ） 定语（attribute ）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement ）表语（predicative ）基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring, live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ)We've worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ)Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ)基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。

如， She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.用下划线划出下列句中的宾语：1. People all over the world speak English.2.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.vi. vt . link.v. 宾语 宾语（间）宾语（直） 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 ① ⑤② ④ ③3.He did not know what to say.4.He just wanted to stay at home.5.He practices speaking English every day.基本句型三：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。

高三英语句子成分和句子结构讲解句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

The suast. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a(数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）Tbelieve. （不定式）Whads is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephaund and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asl表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t l（代词）Five and fiv（数词）He is asleep. （形容词） His fa（副词） The pictuwall. ( 介词短语)watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a floway “I’I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The quwwill come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）ain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom lThe food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remaNow I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I la. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old andI enjoy working with you. （动名词）Iu again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraidake? Undware ma）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a bday. Giva宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。