翻译课件5

Unit 1 恰到好处你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。

差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。

他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。

法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le m ot juste”, 恰到好处的词。

有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。

在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。

这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。

选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。

有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。

寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。

一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。

准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。

例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。

当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。

一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。

例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。

“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。

我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。

有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。

Unit 5 Music Language FocusTeaching objectives:n By the end of this period, you will be able to…1.master the usage of such important words and expressions as composition, opportunity, perform, ordinary, enable, prove, award, fall in love with, original,etc; learn to express themselves by using them.2. learn the method of constructing knowledge trees through self-study &cooperative exploration.Self-study timeLearn the following words and expressions “composition, opportunity, perform, ordinary, enable, prove, award, fall in love with, original” by yourselves .Tips:1. observe the sentences2. analyze the usage3. referring to the dictionary4. take notes1【教材原句】The place where he studied musical composition.他学习音乐作曲的地方。

【句型】where引导_______从句，修饰ꢀ__________.定语The place【单词】ꢀcomposition n.________________成分；作品；作曲◎观察思考：ꢀWe must limit the composition to 500 words.我们必须把作文限制在500字以内。

One Writer's Beginnings1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any time of day, was there to read in, or to be read to. My mother read to me. She'd read to me in the big bedroom in the mornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accompanying the story. She'd read to me in the dining room on winter afternoons in front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock ending the story with "Cuckoo", and at night when I'd got in my own bed. I must have given her no peace. Sometimes she read to me in the kitchen while she sat churning, and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was my ambition to have her read to me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats.作家起步时我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。

Unit 5 Text1Lincoln in History1．The annals of the past contain few accounts of truly good men. Historians are more used to analyzing a mixture of ingredients, good and bad intentions, success and failure, high endeavors threatened by flaws in execution, and to balance out the sums ending with a careful plus or minus.过去的那些历史，对伟人的描述不多。

历史学家习惯于综合的来分析一个人，动机的好与坏，成功或失败，他很努力了，但是在执行的过程中也会有些小错误，他通过略加酌减来综合平衡，最终得出结论。

2．Lincoln is rare in providing much for history to ponder and reflect on but little to dispute with except in the shortcomings in the execution of his policies. He is the rarer for his absolute success through four years of bitter politics and bloody warfare.He sought power, without pretending otherwise, and exercised it to the full. But he is singular, perhaps unique in history, in that he was never corrupted by power. His ambition was tied not to personal gain but to a pair of succeeding and complementary principles; to restore a nation dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and to ensure that a union so recovered was purged of the great contradiction which had lain at the heart of its constitution.林肯提供给历史来思考的地方不多，除了在他执政过程中的一些缺憾，没有让人争论的东西。

Why Don't We Complain?It was the very last coach and the only empty seat on the entire train, so there was no turning back. The problem was to breathe. Outside the temperature was below freezing. Inside the railroad car the temperature must have been about 85 degrees. I took off my overcoat, and a few minutes later my jacket, and noticed that the car was flecked（饰以斑点）with the white shirts of the passengers. I soon found my hand moving to loosen my tie. From one end of the car to the other, as we rattled through Westchester Country, we sweated; but we did not moan.这是整列火车最后一节车厢中唯一的一个空位子，所以也不必再掉头去找了。

问题是这里让人透不过气。

外面的气温在冰点以下，而火车车厢里的温度一定有85度左右。

我脱掉了大衣，几分钟后又脱掉了外套，并且我注意到车厢里望去星星点点的都是乘客们的白衬衫。

不久我就发现我的手开始在松领带了。

在火车哐啷哐啷地行进在威彻斯特县的时候，从车厢的一头到另一头，我们全都汗水淋漓，但我们没有吭声。

I watched the train conductor appear at the head of the car. "Tickets, all tickets, please！" In a more virile（雄壮的）age, I thought, the passengers would seize the conductor and strap him down on a seat over the radiator（暖气片）to share the fate of his patrons. He shuffled down the aisle, picking up tickets, punching commutation cards. No one addressed a word to him. He approached my seat, and I drew a deep breath of resolution. "Conductor," I began with a considerable edge to my voice……Instantly the doleful（消沉的）eyes of my seatmate turned tiredly from his newspaper to fix me with a resentful stare：what question could be so important as to justify my sibilant intrusion into his stupor（麻木不仁）？I was shaken by those eyes.I am incapable of making a discreet fuss, so I mumbled a question about what time we were due in Stamford（I didn't even ask whether it would be before or after dehydration could be expected to set in）, got my reply, and went back to my newspaper and to wiping my brow.我看到乘务员在车厢的头里出现了。