上海牛津版八年级下册语法知识点总结综合---宾从,定从,倒装,句子成分

沪教牛津版八下英语语法知识点归纳1. Present tense：现在时- 现在时表示目前正在进行的动作或状态：e.g. I am doing my homework.（我正在做作业。

）- 现在时还可以用来表示经常性的动作或习惯：e.g. She always gets up early.（她经常早起。

）2. Past tense：过去时- 过去时表示已经发生的动作或状态：e.g. I went to the park yesterday.（我昨天去了公园。

）- 过去时还可以用来表示过去的习惯或常态：e.g. He used to swim every morning.（他过去每天早上游泳。

）3. Future tense：将来时- 将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态：e.g. We will visit Paris next summer.（我们将会在明夏去巴黎。

）4. Modal verbs：情态动词- 情态动词用来表示说话者的态度、习惯、能力等：e.g. You should study harder.（你应该更加努力学习。

）- 常见的情态动词有can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would等。

5. Passive voice：被动语态- 被动语态表示动作的接受者在句中作为主语：e.g. The cake was made by my sister.（这个蛋糕是由我妹妹制作的。

）6. Reported speech：间接引语- 间接引语用来转述别人所说的话：e.g. She said that she was going to the cinema.（她说她要去电影院。

）7. Adjectives and adverbs：形容词和副词- 形容词用来描述名词或代词的性质或特征：e.g. He is a tall man.（他是一个高个子的男人。

）- 副词用来描述动词、形容词和其他副词的程度、方式等：e.g. She sings beautifully.（她唱得很美。

1.句子结构：a.主语+谓语+宾语b.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语c.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语d.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+定语e.主语+系动词+表语f.主语+不及物动词2.时态：a.一般现在时：表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。

b.现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。

c.一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。

d.过去进行时：表示过去其中一时刻正在进行的动作。

e.一般将来时：表示将来的动作或状态。

f.将来进行时：表示将来其中一时刻正在进行的动作。

3.语态：a.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。

b.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。

4.动词时态和语态的被动形式：a. 一般现在时的被动形式：am/is/are+动词的过去分词。

b. 一般过去时的被动形式：was/were+动词的过去分词。

c. 将来时的被动形式：will be+动词的过去分词。

d. 现在进行时的被动形式：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词。

e. 过去进行时的被动形式：was/were+being+动词的过去分词。

5.情态动词：a. can：表示能力、允许和请求。

b. may：表示许可、可能性和祝愿。

c. must：表示肯定、必要性和推测。

d. should：表示建议、责任和承诺。

e. might：表示推测、可能和祝愿。

f. would：表示假设、请求和习惯。

6.虚拟语气：a.虚拟语气用于表达虚构、假设、愿望、建议等。

b. 虚拟语气主要涉及以下几个时态：一般过去时、现在将来时、与现在相对的过去将来时、would/could+动词原形。

7.上文一致性：a.当主句用一般现在时态表述，宾语从句中的谓语动词将会保持不变。

b.当主句用过去时态表述，宾语从句中的谓语动词将用相应的过去时态。

总结完毕，以上是牛津译林版八年级英语全册所涉及的主要语法知识点。

八下语法知识点总结语法一：to do 不定式•My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.•I wanted to help disabled children.•We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.总结1：_____________________________________练习：We (1) ________________ (decide/ meet) Vivien today. We (2) _______________(want/help) her in some way. When we arrived, Vivien was very happy. She (3) ____________(begin/talk) to me about her school. She said, “I (4) _________ (like/ go) to school, but I don’t have any friends. I feel lonely.”Mum gave her some advice. Then Mum asked me to give Vivien her present, but I (5) _____________(forget/bring) it! Vivien said, “It’s OK. I (6) ___________ (hope/see) you again soon.”•Do you know how to help disabled people?•I know where to go.•She can remember what to say.总结2：_____________________________________练习：1. He doesn’t know ________________(wear).他不知道要穿什么。

A .don't make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. I'd rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing so21. Robert is said to __________ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying22. I'm gong to Xi'an next week. Have you anything __________ to your parents?A. to takeB. to be takenC. to be bought toD. to buy23. when are they __________ in their plan?A. handB. handedC. to handD. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____________.A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survivedD. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened ________ no bus at that time.A. to haveB. to beC. havingD. being26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________ matters worse, it began to rain.A. madeB. having madeC. makingD. to make27. At ________ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _________a good rest.A. no, to takeB. no, takingC. any, to takeD. one, taking28. --Are you a student? --No, but I used _________.A. to beB. to wasC. to doD. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _________ himself _________ in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shutB. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled31. We're leaving at six o'clock, and hope _________ most of the journey by lunch time.A. to doB. to have doneC. to makeD. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _________.A. understoodB. to be understoodC. to understandD. understand33. Who will you get __________ the project for us?A. designB. to designC. designedD. designing34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know __________.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it35. We are not allowed __________ outdoors with some other children.A. playingB. to be playingC. to playD. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _________ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavyB. too much heavyC. heavy too muchD. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role __________in making the earth a better place to live in.A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _________.A. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _________ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told11 / 11。

上海牛津版初中英语语言点及语法总结一、基本语法1.时态牛津版初中英语教材主要涉及到的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时等。

学生需要掌握这些时态的用法和常见的表示方式。

2.名词牛津版初中英语教材会涉及到一些名词的用法，如可数名词与不可数名词的区别、名词的单复数形式等。

学生需要了解名词的基本概念以及如何正确使用名词。

3.形容词和副词在牛津版初中英语教材中，会介绍一些常用的形容词和副词以及其比较级和最高级的用法。

学生需要学会正确地使用形容词和副词来描述事物的特征和状态。

4.代词牛津版初中英语教材中会涉及到人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词等的用法。

学生需要学会使用不同的代词来替代或指示不同的事物。

5.动词在牛津版初中英语教材中，会介绍一些常用的动词和动词短语的用法。

学生需要学会正确地使用动词和动词短语来表达行为、状态和变化等。

6.句子结构牛津版初中英语教材中会涉及到一些句子的结构，如肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句等的构成方式和用法。

学生需要学会正确地构造各种不同类型的句子。

7.从句牛津版初中英语教材中会介绍一些常用的从句的用法，如宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。

学生需要学会理解从句的作用和用法，并正确地构造各种不同类型的从句。

二、语言点1.日常交际用语牛津版初中英语教材中注重培养学生的交际能力，会提供一些日常生活中常用的交际用语。

学生需要学会运用这些用语与他人进行正常的日常交流。

2.生活常识和文化知识牛津版初中英语教材中会涉及到一些生活常识和文化知识，如国家、城市、节日、传统习俗等。

学生需要了解这些常识和知识，扩大自己的视野和知识面。

3.阅读理解和听力牛津版初中英语教材中提供了一些阅读理解和听力训练的材料，帮助学生提高自己的阅读理解和听力技能。

学生需要通过阅读和听力训练，培养自己的语言理解和应用能力。

4.写作技巧牛津版初中英语教材中会介绍一些写作技巧，如如何写日记、如何写情书、如何写旅行日志等。

牛津八年级英语下册知识点归纳总结Oxford Junior English Grade 8 provides a comprehensive study of English grammar, vocabulary, reading, and writing skills. Here is a summary of the key knowledge points covered in the textbook:1. Grammar:- Present and past tense forms of verbs- The use of gerunds and infinitives- Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives- Modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, and ought to- Reported speech and direct speech- Conditional sentences (zero, first, second, and third)- Passive voice- Relative clauses2. Vocabulary:- Synonyms and antonyms- Contextual use of words in sentences- Phrasal verbs- Idioms and expressions- Prefixes and suffixes- Homophones and homographs- Word formation (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)3. Reading:- Comprehension passages with different text types (narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive)- Identifying main ideas and supporting details- Inference and predicting outcomes- Summarizing texts- Recognizing literary devices (simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, onomatopoeia)4. Writing:- Paragraph and essay writing- Narrative, descriptive, and argumentative writing- Using appropriate linking words and phrases- Organizing ideas cohesively- Structure of a formal letter and email- Creative writing techniquesOverall, the Oxford Junior English Grade 8 textbook offers a well-rounded English language curriculum that helps students improve their language skills in grammar, vocabulary, reading, and writing. By mastering these knowledge points, students can better communicate and express themselves effectively in English.。

8B 笔记整理（考点1 ~ 40）1. 现在完成时的信号词：2. 现在完成时的基本结构：肯定句：主语+ have / has + 过去分词否定句：主语+ have / has + not + 过去分词一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事；used to be 过去曾是…be used to doing sth. / get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事注意：观察used 前面有没有be 动词或者get / got4. Asia 亚洲Asian 亚洲的/ 亚洲人Europe 欧洲European 欧洲的/ 欧洲人Africa 非洲African 非洲的/ 欧洲人America 美洲American 美洲的/ 欧洲人* a European country 虽然元音字母开头，但是发音为辅音，所以用a* Americans and Europeans 美洲人和欧洲人； Asians and Africans 亚洲人和非洲人5. Canada 加拿大Canadian 加拿大的/ 加拿大人；Australia 澳大利亚Australian 澳大利亚的/ 澳大利亚人；Germany 德国German 德语/ 德国人的/ 德国人France 法国Fr e nc h 法语/ 法国人的/ 法国人注意：名词所有格Canadian s’ books 那些加拿大人的书the Canadian’s book 那个加拿大人的书6. ①mind doing sth.介意做某事Do you mind my opening the window? / Do you mind me opening the window?②Never mind. （口语交际）没关系，不介意③ A moment of fear went through my mind. 【名词】头脑，大脑7. 句型The best time to do sth.The best time to visit the UK is … / from … to …Sunshine Park is a wonderful place to fly kites.* 与time / place 相关的句型（表示最佳时间、最佳地点）使用to do 结构；* 短语have a good time doing sth. 使用doing 结构8. east 东方east ern东方的；west 西方west ern西方的；south 南方south ern南方的；north 北方north ern北方的；at the southern end of …在…的最南端；Western restaurants 西餐馆（表示西方文化、艺术的时候需要大写）9. can’t help / stop doing sth. 情不自禁做某事/ 忍不住做某事stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事；stop to do sth. 停下手中的事去做一件新事情10. to do 不定式表示目的（理解句意，在翻译句子的基础上理解目的的表达）We must try our best to stop the pollution to live (live) a happy life. 为了…11. be interested in doing sth. She is interested in reading novels. 对…感兴趣show an interest in doing sth. She shows an interest in reading novels.interested （感到）有兴趣的interesting 令人感兴趣的bored （感到）无聊的boring 令人感到无聊的excited （感到）兴奋的exciting 令人感到兴奋的relaxed （感到）放松的relaxing 令人放松的12. 序数词第…in the early / late twentieth century 在（第）二十世纪早/晚期区分：in the / one’s thirties 名词复数形式意思是30~39之间She is in his thirties.thirtieth 序数词意思是第三十celebrate her thirtieth birthday基数词变序数词14. hear / see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做事的全过程hear / see sb. doing sth. 听见/看见某人做事的一瞬间注意：经常听见或看见的是全过程I often hear the birds sing.比较级的基本结构：比较级+ than最高级的基本结构：the + 最高级16. 区分：形容词的比较级和形容词变副词* I find it easier than before to complete the task.* Susan can work out the problem easily. 轻松地解决难题副词修饰动词* 修饰比较级much / even / a little + 比较级+ than* 注意：further information / study / help …（程度）更进一步的；Further on …再往前区分：tasty = delicious 美味的；tasteful 有品味的；雅致的18. 反义词前缀un-, in-, im- 意思是not注意：读懂句意，准确判断词性，在理解句子意思的基础上补充词缀。

牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 1 语法、词汇、句型知识点总结（详细版）8B Unit 1 Past and presentComic strip & Welcome to the unit1.I've just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。

just此处用作副词，意为“刚刚，刚才”，通常与现在完成时连用。

Mr Wang has just left our classroom.王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。

I've just heard the news.我刚听到这个消息。

拓展：①just 副词，还可意为“正好，恰好；仅仅，只是”，起加强语气的作用。

This jacket is just my size.这件夹克衫正合我的尺码。

That's just what he wanted.那正是他所要的。

He is just a child.他仅仅是一个孩子。

I just want to talk to you.我只是想和你谈谈。

①just now意为“刚才，刚刚”，相当于a moment ago，常用于句末，用于一般过去时态的句子中。

I met one of my friends in the street just now.我刚才在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

①just then 意为“就在那时”。

Just then, someone knocked at the front door.就在那时，有人敲了敲前门。

2.Why?为什么?这是一个省略问句，其完整形式是“Why did you eat my food?”。

why引导的特殊疑问句用来询间原因，通常用because（因为）引导的句子来回答。

—Why didn't you come to the meeting yesterday?你昨天为什么没来参加会议?—Because I had a bad cold.因为我患了重感冒。

牛津译林版八年级英语下册单元重点词组，句型、语法汇总
- 第一单元：
- 重点词组：
- I've just eaten it. 我刚刚把它吃了。

- 重点句型：
- used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事/以前经常做某事/曾经做某事”，表示过去的习惯。

- 第二单元：
- 重点词组：
- over the years 多年来
- 重点句型：
- It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时。

- 第三单元：
- 重点词组：
- married/divorced/single 已婚的/离婚的/单身的
- 重点句型：
- 疑问词+动词不定式
- 第四单元：
- 重点词组：
- be full of 充满
- 重点句型：
- so that 以便，为了
- 第五单元：
- 重点词组：
- as a result 结果
- 重点句型：
- 现在完成时
- 第六单元：
- 重点词组：
- interview sb. about sth. 就某事采访某人- 重点句型：
- It is+形容词+to do sth.
- 第七单元：
- 重点词组：
- return to sp. 回到某地
- 重点句型：
- 现在完成时
- 第八单元：
- 重点词组：
- primary school 小学
- 重点句型：
- 祈使句。

➢简单句---五种基本句型1）主语+ 不及物动词【主谓】The dog died.2) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语【主谓宾】I teach English.3）主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语【主谓宾宾】She sent me a present. 4）主语+ 及物动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语【主谓宾宾补】5）主语+ 系动词+表语【主系表】➢并列句---由并列连词【fanboys】连接的句子。

fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so1. 注意就远原则、就近原则2. 注意逻辑语义关系。

➢主从复合句从句的语序：陈述语序--- 引导词后紧跟从句的主语。

【注意特例】：特殊疑问词本身做主语的时候，改为宾从的时候，语序不变。

what’s wrong / the matter/the problem (with…)which is the way to…what is the most beautiful ….what is happening over there…who is standing there…3) 时态主现从不限，主过从必过，真理永一现。

注意：在改写宾从的时候，1）如果主句是一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去时态。

2）注意人称变化；3）注意时间状语的变化3.定从考点梳理注意：只能用that 的情况1. 先行词是all, few, little, much, something, anything, everything 等不定代词2. 先行词由only , very 修饰3. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰4.先行词中既有人又有物非限制性定语从句：特点：先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开which引导：先行词既可以是一个单词，也可以是一整个句子as 引导：可参考常见搭配：as sb expectedas is mentioned beforeas is well-known4. 状语从句重点连接词时间状语从句since---自从；与现在完成时连用as soon as –一…就not … until…直到….才…原因状语从句since；as目的状语从句so that让步状语从句：though/although/even if/ even though, 不与but 连用条件状语从句：if, unless, as/so long as方式状语从句：as(按照)，as if/as thoughPart Three 倒装句--- NAOSHI原则NAOSHI----N--- negative words 【当句首出现否定意义成分，需要进行部分倒装】●NAOSHI----A (as / though 引导的让步状语从句)分词/名词(无冠词)/短语+ as/though + 主语+ 谓语Although/Though I was very tired, I tried to help them.= Tired as/ though I was, tried to help them.Though she is a girl, she behaves like a boy.= Girl as/though she is, [ 此处强调部分为a + n单时；倒装时不用加a]●NAOSHI—o : only + 状语（adv./ 介词短语/状从）+ 助动词+主语+动词（部分倒装）Only then did he realize his mistake.Only in this way can you learn English well.Only when you finish your homework can you watch TV. [从句不倒装，主句倒装]注意易错：Only you can go to school. 【only 后不接状语，不用倒装。

沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“to do sth”（有时可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充当谓语外其他成分都可以充当，如主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等，这学期我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。

1.作宾语需要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有：want, hope, wish, like ,begin,start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse, agree, help等。

Remember to post the letter.I hope to stay with you拓展：（1）当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常需要形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语（不定式）置于宾语补足语之后，其结构为：主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式。

I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.（2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.He began to read and write after dinner.（3）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m), which, what, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。

How to control the water pollution is a big problem.The trouble is whom to invite.（4）”疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句I don’t know what to do next time.= I don’t know what I should do next time.2.作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或者怎么样。

Unit 1 Helping those in need阅读：读三名学生关于他们的志愿服务工作(voluntary work义务性工作)的报告。

听力：听一个关于筹钱活动的广播节目。

语法：学习如何使用不定式。

口语：学习谈论计划。

谈论你想参加的志愿活动。

写作：给校长写一封信,报请批准筹钱。

A. 短语归纳1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work 志愿服务工作3. talk about 谈论4. write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5. ask permission 报请批准6. give sb. a hand 帮助某人7. suffer from 因…受苦;受折磨8. take photos of: 给…拍照9. lots of/a lot of 许多,大量10. raise one' s spirts 使振奋;使鼓起勇气11. in the future 在将来12. in good health 身体健康13. in bad health 身体不好14. be afraid of 害怕15.so that 以便,为了16. in hospital 生病住院17. make friends with sb. 跟某人交朋友18. bring sth.to sb. 将某物带给某人19. play tennis 打网球20. on Saturday 在周六21. in order to 目的在于,为了22. because of 因为23. since then 从那时起24. pay for 支付25. stay at home 待在家里26. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人27. close to 靠近28. listen for 留心听29. talk to 和……交谈30. use...for. 把…用于……31. give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议32. take part in 参加33. millions ofa 数以百万计的B. 句型归纳1. would like to do sth. 想要做某事2. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事3. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事4. want to do sth. 想做某事5. help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事6. continue to do sth. 继续做某事7. have difficulty(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难8. need to do sth. 需要做某事9. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事10. used to do sth, 过去常常做某事11. how much+ 不可数名词多少12. decide to do sth. 决定做某事13. begin to do sth. 开始做某事14. like to do sth. 喜欢做某事15. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事16. plan to do sth. 计划做某事17. think about doing sth. 考虑做某事18. one of+ 复数名词/代词……之ー19. be unable to do sth. 不能做某事20. learn to do sth. 学习做某事21. wish to do sth. 希望做某事22. hope to do sth. 希望做某事23. make+sb./sth.+ 形容词使某人/某物…24. Thanks for( doing)sh. 因(做)某事而感谢。

专题06重点语法知识梳理二：宾语从句及拓展专练100题Grammar1：宾语从句Ⅰ.概念宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。

句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时，我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。

I like my teacher.（名词作宾语）I know him.（代词作宾语）I enjoy playing basketball.（动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）We know that Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。

Ⅱ.分类1.动词的宾语从句He asked whose handwriting was the best.2.介词的宾语从句It depends on whether it is going to rain.3.形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语I am afraid that he can't finish the work.Ⅲ.三要素一、语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

即主语+谓语的顺序。

如：I hear(that)physics isn’t easy.I think(that)you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.注意：在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子：What’s the matter with you?/What’s wrong with you?/What happened to you?/What’s your trouble?/What’s your problem?/What’s up?Who is sing?Which is the way to the station?【例】1.Can you tell me____?A.whom do we have to seeB.whom we have to seeC.who do we have to seeD.which was the way to the station2.The teacher asked the students____.A.what they were doingB.what were they doingC.where will they goD.where would they goKey:BA二、时态1.若主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

Units 1&2一．重点、难点归纳1.过去进行时（1）构成：was/were+现在分词He was reading a book at 4:00pm yesterday.（2）时间状语：just then, yesterday afternoon, at nine last night, at this/that time yesterday等。

What were you doing this time yesterday?（3）与频度副词always等连用时，表示过去经常反复的动作，常常有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。

He was always helping others.2.when 和whilewhen 引导的从句中的谓语动词常是比较短暂的动作，用一般时。

while 引导的从句中的谓语动词常是比较长的动作，用进行时。

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle.It was raining when they left the station.3.形容词（1）形容词放在系动词后，或名词前。

（2）常见的系动词：A.be动词（am, is, are, was, were)B.感官动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel ....C.表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词：grow, get, turn, become, fall, go ...D.表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词：continue, keep, remain, stay等。

（3）形容词要放在修饰词someone, somebody, something, nothing等不定代词后。

something important.（4）有些形容词只能作表语（放在系动词后），不能作定语。

这些形容词大多以元音字母开头。

如：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, ill ....He is alone, but quite happy.二、重点句式1.It is +adj. + for sb. to do sth. 此句型中，形容词常表示事物的特征特点及客观形势，如：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。

初中英语学习资料madeofjingetieji宾语从句I地点：在句子的宾语地点的从句（动词、形容词或介词后）She expected that she could reach the destination on time.I hope that all of us will succeed in the competition.I’m sure Mike will win the game this time.He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree.I am not interested in what he is doing.He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English.II因素：语序、连词、时态1、语序：陈说语序（即依据一定句或否认句的语序，助动词不提早）e.g. I think that she will come tomorrowShe told me that he wasn’t playing football at that time.2、连词： a. that 用于连结陈说句，在口语或一般状况下能够省略b. if/whether (能否)用于连结除特别疑问句之外的其余疑问句（一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）c. wh- 用于连结特别疑问句(全部的特别疑问词 )e.g. She said (that) she had been there twice.I wonder if/whether it will rain tomorrow?Nobody knows when the meeting will begin.讲解： if 和 whether的差别：a. 指引选择疑问句时，只用whethere.g. I ’ d like to know whether he is American or British.She asked me whether they would come or not.b. whether 能和 to do 连用，而 if 不能够e.g. I wonder whether to attend the meeting tomorrow.※c. 在名词后只用 whethere.g.They haven’tdecided on the plan whether they will go on a picnic.※d. 在介词后只用 whether.e.g.We haven ’ t decided on whether we will hold the food festival.3、时态主句从句一般此刻时依需而定一般未来时（不受主句影响）此刻达成时一般过去时受主句影响，倒退一步，相应调整一般此刻—一般过去一般未来—过去未来此刻达成—过去达成、此刻进行—过去进行一般过去—过去达成举例1.I think they were watching TV at 3 yesterdayafternoon.2.I ’ m sure they will pass the exam this time.3.Could you tell me where I can find the bank?4.I have no idea if he has been to America.1.“Are you free now?” she asked me.She asked me if I was free then.2.They will fly to Britain next week. She said.She said they would fly to Britain the next week.3. I have finished my work.I said to John.I told John I had finished my work.金戈铁骑4. What are you doing?Tom asked me.Tom asked me what I was doing.5.Did you help him last week? I wanted to know.I wanted to know if you had helped him theweek before.讲解； 1、当从句中有明确的过去时间状语时，从句依旧用一般过去时e.g. She wondered if you were born in 1998.2、当从句是客观真谛或广泛现象时，用一般此刻时e.g.Our teacher told us water freezes at 0 C.°She was told warm water freezes faster than cold water3、当主句中出现Would you/Could you 时，表示语气委婉，不影响从句的时态e.g. Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office.ExerciseI. Choose the best answer:1. There are so many nice dresses here that she doesn’ t know ____.A. to choose whatB. what to chooseC. to choose whichD. which to choose2.My father asked _____.A. which team won the gameB. did which team win the gameC. which did team win the gameD. which team the game won3. She said that she didn’ t know ____.A. how to doB. how to do itC. what to do itD. to what do it4.No one knows ____ the UFO will come again or not.A. whereB. thatC. ifD. whether5. The weather forecast doesn ’ t report ____.A. if it rains tomorrowB. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrow6. Mary asked me ____.A. if I had been rewarded a prizeB. what I had been rewarded a prizeC. if had I been rewarded a prizeD. what had I been rewarded a prize7.Do you know ____?A. when will she come backB. where she had goneC. how can she do it by herselfD. what she will do next8. I ’ ll tell her the good news, but I don ’ t know ____.A. whether she knows it or notB. if she comes back in an hourC. where is she nowD. when will she be back9. Could you tell me ____?A. when she has comeB. what wrong isC. whether it mattersD. that the sun rises in the east10. Do you know when ____ back tomorrow?A. he comesB. he will comeC. will he comeD. does he come11. Could you tell me how many words ____ by the end of last term?A. have you learnedB. you had learnedC. you have learnedD. had you learned12. No one knows ____ the sports meeting will be held or not if it is rainy tomorrow.A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. where13. I really don ’ t know if he ____ tomorrow. If he ____, please tell me.A. comeswill comeB. comescomesC. will come will comeD. will come .comes金戈铁骑14. Do you know ____?A. how old is sheB. how long he has leftC. where he has goneD. what was he15. Could you tell me ____?A. which floor does Mr Smith live onB. where has his father beenC. why they have a discussion tomorrowD. at what time we are going to have a meeting16. She asked me ____.A. what ’ s your nameB. where my father had goneC. whether I want to goD. what the matter was with me17. Do you know ____ tomorrow?A. if it is fine weatherB. if the weather become fineC. if it will be fine the weatherD. if the weather will be fine18. Do you know ____ he ’ s got a new car or not?A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. how19. Could you tell me ____?A. who is sheB. who she wasC. who she isD. who was she20. Since nobody told me ____, I came for your help.A. what to do the nextB. how to do the nextC. what I will do nextD. how to do next21. I can ’ t tell whose book ____.A. this isB. this doesC. is thisD. is it22. My teacher said he ____ us as soon as he got to America.A. phonedB. would phoneC. had phonedD. was phoning23. I think Mr. Smith ____ me about it if he knows.A. tellsB. has toldC. will tellD. told24. He asked me ____ he would do shopping at the supermarket with me this Sunday.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. when25. I ____ think they ____ win the match.A. don ’ t ;willB. / ;won ’tC. don ’ t ;won ’tD.don ’ t ; /26. There were so many funny pets in the cage that Tony couldn ’ t decide ____.A. which one would he chooseB. which one will he chooseC. which one he will chooseD. which one he would choose27. I wondered if they ____ the piano for a year.A. had boughtB. had hadC. would buyD. bought28. She told me she ____ the army the next year.A. will joinB. joinC. would take part inD. would join29. I hope my child ____ give you any trouble.A. notB. not toC. won ’tD. don ’t30. Please tell me ____ they will come with tomorrow.A. whereB. whomC. howD. whetherII.Rewrite the sentences as required:31. The foreigner didn’ t show me the way to my hotel.The foreigner didn show’ met ____________ ____________ get to my hotel.32.Could you tell me? Did your brother catch the flu last week?Could you tell me ___________ your brother ___________ the flu last week?33. Will Mary go there with me? Rose wants to knowRose wants to know ___________ Mary will go there with _____________.34.I don ’ t know when we shall leave for Canada（.简单句）I don ’ t know _____________ _____________ leave for Canada.金戈铁骑35. He decided that he was not going to say anything about it. （简单句）He decided ____________ _____________ say anything about it.36. “ What did Father Christmas put in your stocking, Alice? ” Mary asked.Mary asked Alice what Father Christmas ___________ put in __________ stocking.37.Your son doesn ’ t study hard, I think.I ____________ ____________ your son ____________ very hard.38.Mr. Green decided to be in charge of the factory.Mr. Green decided that he __________ ___________ in charge of the factory.39.I don ’ t know when I shall start the work.（简单句）I don ’ t know _____________ ___________ start the work.40.Has the teacher decided on the date for the test? The students asked.The students asked __________ the teacher ____________ decided on the date for the test.41.I don ’ t know whom to ask for help.I don ’ t know whom ___________ ____________ ask for help.42.Do you know that? Did the baby break that toy?Do you know _____________ the baby ____________ that toy?43. She asked me, “ Have you ever read about UFOs? ”She asked me ____________ ____________ had ever read about UFOs.44. “ Do you have any cheaper ones? ” Mother asked.Mother asked ____________ they ____________ any cheaper ones.45. Do you like music? She asked me.She asked me _____________ _____________ _____________ music.46. Tom asked Jane,” Which Christmas card do you prefer? ”Tom asked Jane which Christmas card _____________ ______________.47. Tina asked, “ What’ s the matter with you, John? ”Tina asked John what _____________ the matter ____________ him.金戈铁骑。

教育1对3辅导讲义1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探索。

1. 这个标志的含义是什么？2. 这个标志有何含义？3. 这个标志有何含义？4. 这个标志有何含义？A.禁止左转B.此路不通C.禁止通行A.立体交叉直行和右转弯行驶B.立体交叉直行和左转弯行驶C.直行和左转弯行驶A.禁止借道B.禁止变道C.禁止超车Read and find out some useful information.There are more and more people and more and more cars.Traffic is a big problem in many cities around the world.Traffic is especially bad during rush hour --- the time whenpeople go to work or school and the time when they go home.Many people take buses，subways，or trains towork，but many other people drive their cars. As aresult，the streets are very busy，and traffic is verybad.Many cities are trying to solve their trafficproblems. Some cities are building more roads. Othercities are expanding their bus and subway systems.Many cities are trying to reduce the number of cars on the their roads. Some highways have carpool lanes for cars with two，three，or more people. In some cities，people drive their cars only on certain days of the week. For example，in Athens，people with license plate numbers ending in 0 through 4 drive on some days，and people with numbers ending in 5 through 9 drive on other days.Every day around the world，more and more people drive to and from work in more and more cars. As a result，traffic is a global problem.I. reading and speakingReading—Modern Transportation知识名称：阅读理解【知识梳理1】Like underground systems all around the world，there are two main rules on the London Underground: Please mind the gap and please give up your seat to a person carrying a child or heavy luggage.But London’s 150-year-old underground system is a little bit different 1 there are also another two rules: Never look at others and don’t get too close to the other passengers. If you do any of these things，you will break 2 ，and the whole carriage(车厢) will look at in an unfriendly way.On the London Underground，people do not talk to one another，nor look at one another. If they have to look at each other，they will 3 faster than you can say duibuqi. Passengers usually keep some distance away from the others. In crowded carriages people will stand near the door at station stops，so the carriage looks full when actually there is plenty of 4 . There is no pushing yourself in as Beijing subway passengers do.The biggest problem comes with getting a seat，and some people in England even explain how to get a seat on the Internet. If you are lucky enough to find yourself sitting in one of the few seats 5 wants，you will catch the attention of the whole carriage，so you can’t win.Sometimes the train driver will make a joke over the loud speaker，saying something like，“How is everyone getting on in there?” A few people will smile and realize that how strange the Underground environment is.6 ，it will be back to the basic rules as soon as this moment passes，: No eye contact，no touching，no getting into personal space and no standing on the left.5. Speaking & Writing: Does modern transportation make our life easieror not?4. How does the writer support his argument? Do you agree with him or not and explain your reasons.3. What’s the main idea of each passage?2. Can you make at least 3 sentences with the words, phrases or sentencesmentioned above?1. Please underline some good words, phrases or sentences.II.语法复习【知识梳理1】 时间状语从句连词 时态用法例句when主句：过去进行时 从句：一般过去时➢ My father was reading newspapers when I arrived home. ➢ It was raining hard when we arrived.while从句：进行时➢ He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. ➢ While Mary was writing a letter ， the children weJacky told me to_________ the salt to_________.5.Take the maglev train，or you will be late for the plane. (保持句意不变)You__________ be late for the plane_________ you take the maglev train.6.I will call the police if that noise doesn’t stop soon. (保持句意基本不变)I will call the police__________ that noise _________soon.7.It was too cold for the driver to get the engine started. (保持句意基本不变)It was ________ cold that the driver ________ get the engine started.8.Both my sister and I like reading comic strips. (改为否定句)_________ of us reading comic strips.9.The removal man put the washing machine next to the fridge.（改为否定句）The removal man_________ _________ the washing machine next to the fridge.10.Chang'e II Rocket travelled to the moon at the speed of 7.9 kilometers per second. (划线提问)_________ _________ did Chang'e II Rocket travel to the moon?基础题：1.The Oxford English Dictionary is ________useful tool for us to learn English.A. aB. anC. theD. /2.If you buy this mobile phone，you can get the earphone ________free.A. forB. withC. inD. by3.Ben，show me your ________hand. What’s in it?A. the otherB. anotherC. otherD. othersThat popular shop has ________ ________ for five years.7. forms，we，change，we，different，can，energy，into，that，see，of，electricity，can(连词成句) ___________________________________________________.状语从句(not) until，till，as soon as，when，before，after代词one…the other (=2)some…othersother+名词=othersanother+可数名词单数/时间段反义疑问句前否后肯；前肯后否反义疑问句hardly，never，rarely，seldom，little，few句型转换too…to=so…that not= not +反义形容词+enough to doIII. Rewrite the following sentences as required.1.The shop assistant has already explained everything to us.(改为疑问句)Has the shop assistant ________ explained ________to you?2.We could avoid the feeling of failure by not comparing ourselves to successful people’s results.(就划线部分提问)________ _________ you avoid the feeling of failure?3.She was too polite to comment my poor dressing style.(保持句意基本不变)She was _______ polite that she ______comment my poor dressing style.4.Electricity is important to our life.(改成感叹句)________ _______Electricity is to our life!5.If the sun doesn’t provide light for plants，most creatures would starve to death.(保持句意基本不变)_______the sun ________light for plants，most creatures would starve to death.IV. Choose the best answer.（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案。