跨文化英语案例分析万能模板
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跨文化交际案例分析答题模板英语引言跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的个体之间进行的沟通和交流。
随着全球化的发展,越来越多的人们需要面对跨文化交际的挑战。
本文将以一个跨文化交际案例为例,进行分析和讨论,探讨其中涉及的文化差异以及可能产生的问题和解决方案。
案例描述在这个案例中,我们将聚焦于一位名叫John的美国人和一位名叫Li的中国人之间的跨文化交际。
John是一名美国企业的项目经理,他负责与中国团队合作开展一个重要的项目。
Li是这个中国团队的团队领导,负责协调团队成员的工作并与John进行沟通。
问题分析在这个跨文化交际案例中,我们可以发现一些文化差异可能导致的问题。
语言和口头表达差异John和Li之间的语言和口头表达习惯存在差异。
在英语中,直接表达意见和批评是常见的做法,而在中国文化中,更注重面子和尊重他人。
因此,当John直接提出问题或批评时,可能会冒犯到Li。
规则和礼仪差异在跨文化交际中,不同国家和地区的礼仪和规则也会不同。
例如,在美国,开会时迟到可能被视为不尊重他人的行为,而在中国,会议上的迟到是被接受的。
这种差异可能导致John对Li的迟到感到不满,而Li可能认为这是正常的行为。
价值观和信仰差异不同国家和地区的文化通常具有不同的价值观和信仰。
在美国,个人主义和竞争精神被重视,而在中国,集体主义和合作精神更被看重。
这种文化差异可能会影响到John和Li之间的工作方式和决策方式。
解决方案了解和尊重对方的文化差异是解决跨文化交际问题的关键。
以下是一些可能的解决方案:语言和口头表达差异的解决方案为了避免语言和口头表达差异导致的冲突,John和Li可以通过以下方式改善沟通:•John可以更加谨慎并尽量避免直接提出问题或批评。
他可以使用委婉的方式表达意见,以减少冲突的可能性。
•Li可以积极开放地接受和理解John的反馈,并了解到这是一种不同的口头表达习惯。
规则和礼仪差异的解决方案为了解决规则和礼仪差异可能带来的问题,John和Li可以尝试以下解决方案:•John可以提前向Li解释美国文化中的规则和礼仪,以便Li了解和适应这些差异。
跨文化交际案例作文模板英语英文回答:Intercultural Communication Case Study Template。
Case Study:Title: The Impact of Cultural Differences on Business Negotiations。
Participants:American businessperson。
Chinese businessperson。
Location: Beijing, China。
Situation:The American businessperson arrived late for a scheduled meeting with the Chinese businessperson. The Chinese businessperson was visibly annoyed.Problem:The American businessperson's tardiness offended the Chinese businessperson, potentially jeopardizing the business deal.Analysis:Cultural Differences:In American culture, punctuality is important but not as critical as in Chinese culture.In Chinese culture, punctuality is a sign of respect and a fundamental expectation in business interactions.Miscommunication:The American businessperson was unaware of the cultural significance of punctuality in Chinese business dealings.The Chinese businessperson assumed that the American businessperson was being disrespectful.Consequences:The Chinese businessperson lost trust in the American businessperson.The business deal was delayed and potentially lost.Recommendations:Research Cultural Differences:Prior to conducting business negotiations in a different culture, it is crucial to research the cultural norms and expectations.Communicate Clearly:When scheduling meetings, emphasize the importance of punctuality to avoid misunderstandings.Be Flexible:While it is important to respect cultural differences, there may be times when it is necessary to be flexible. For example, in this case, the American businessperson could have apologized profusely and explained the cultural differences respectfully.Seek Cultural Mediation:If cultural differences pose significant challenges, consider seeking the assistance of a cultural mediator who can facilitate communication and avoid misunderstandings.Conclusion:Cross-cultural communication is complex and requires a deep understanding of cultural norms and expectations. By embracing cultural diversity, researching differences, and communicating respectfully, it is possible to bridge cultural gaps and build successful business relationships.中文回答:跨文化交流案例分析模板。
跨文化交际案例和解析(英文)5篇第一篇:跨文化交际案例和解析(英文)Case: In July of this year, the American CNN announced that, the preserved egg is the most lousy food.That made the Chinese people very angry, because the preserved egg is good food for most of Chinese people.Then Chinese people made a survey and declared that cheese is the most lousy food.Chinese people can't accept that the preserved egg is regarded as the most lousy food, on the other hand, the cheese is the food which is favoured by most of American people.But Chinese people think that cheese is too irritative.Both side cannot accept the food they selected.At the end of this case, the CNN reporters said sorry to Chinese people, but he said he would not eat the preserved egg.Analyses: This is a typical case reflects that different culture influences different people, and when they have to communicate, they have conflict.As we all know, different food depends on different place,different habits, different climate, and some other factors.For western people, eating is a kind of rational concept, they should get enough nutrition from the food they eat every day.They don't care the taste too much.From Los Angeles to New York, the beefsteak has only one kind of taste.But for perceptual Chinese people, eating is not only a process to get nutrition, but also is a kind of art to get satisfaction.They would make the food not only beautiful, but also very delicious.For Chinese people, maybe they can accept the taste of the cheese, but they can't like it, because they don't like this kind of food in their deep heart.Also, they can't accept that foreign people said the preserved egg is the most lousy food.In their mind, the preserved egg, like other foods they like, has nutrition and beautiful imagetogether.For western people, the cheese, is also this kind of good food for them.So, this case happened in their communications.This conflict showed that, different countries have different culture.We should try to accept these differences, do our favours.By susan第二篇:跨文化交际英文Analysis of Deferent Views on “Filial Piety” Betwee n China and American from Movie GuashaAbstract: “While one’s parents are alive, one should not travel to distant places.” “The gentleman works hard on the basic principles, thereafter comes morality;filial piety is the basic principle of a human being.” T hese are our Chinese traditional filial piety.But are these standards or rules suitable for every nation? The movie Guasha shows us many about the differences of filial piety between China and American.There are many misunderstanding and coincidence in this movie and those are the cause of the circuitous of the characters’ fate.All of these are rooted in the cultural differences between China and American.In this assay, I made the differences of filial piety as the point of entry to analyze the reason why the differences come and their similarity.Key words: Guasha, the culture in china and America, piety, filial piety, object The movie Guasha tells a story that a Chinese couple who lived in American for 8 years took the hero’s father in American after they t hink they had realized their American dream.But a few days later, their son got ill;the old father used Guasha to treat the little boy for he didn’t know how to read English.The bruises were noticed by the child welfare bureau, and all the rough broke out after that.Finally, they had a universal satisfactory ending.The end of the story is to the satisfaction of all, but a variety of cultural conflict is theapparent.What we see is the initial irreconcilable to accept, understand.Many people will think that Chinese and Western have cultural differences, I think so, but I also think that behind these differences, there are many similarities.The following, I will be on the film to talk something about filial piety plot makes concrete analysis, and explore how cultural differences reflected in the filial piety? Why is it? What are the similarities?But before that, we will first do a general understanding of filial piety.In the ancient clan and tribal society, meaning of “filial piety” is very wide.It refers to t he family of the elder respect, love, support and sacrifice.With the family as the basic unit of society and social development in a long time, “filial piety” changes from the family elder respect to parental care, and become an important ethical rule to do with family relations.Today, “filial piety” to living gets more attention.We often say that the parents contribute to our upbringing, so we will repay the parents.While in the west, has no concept of “filial piety”.The Western belief in God, that God has given human life.So in the western culture, the concept of “filial piety” is corresponding to “piety”.” Filial piety “ is also derived from “piety”.Piety in the ancient Greek dictionary definition is: 1, sacred, permitted by the laws of God, to God;2, non God prohibited by law, human beings can enjoy.In the two concepts, actually we can see, in the West or in China, for the one who supposed to give us life, raising us people have a kind of “filial piety”, just for different objects.Situation one: acquiesce and even publicly agree the old father smoking in the house There are two such scenes: 1, at the table, the old father smoking, Denis sat next to Grandpa.Janine saw father smoking, showed her disgust on her face, and then to open the window.XuDatong saw this scene, said: “Janine, why?” Full of condemnation, for fear that his father felt reject by his families.2, the house was dark.The old father who was smoking at home saw the couple suddenly returned home looked panic, hiding the cigarette behind.He knew the daughter-in-law doesn't like him smoking in the house.In order to avoid his son and the daughter-in-law’s quarrel, he decided to put out the cigarette.At this time, Janine became clever.In order to make obedient husband don’t feel disgusted, she said: “Dad, go ahead, I don't mind.”In the two acts, both husband and wife knew smoking is harmful to health, but they did not prevent him from it.The reason is the filial piety.Since ancient times, Chinese are taught to obey.We cannot be a disobedient child.Even if the parents are wrong, we are not allowed to contradict them.That case in America, however, children will stop their parents since smoking is harmful to health.this is ”filial piety“ in the eyes of Americans.What lead the United States look the same thing quite different from Chinese? Personally I think that we should go back to the objects both sides to do ”filial piety“.As we said earlier, Chinese parents act as life giver and caregivers, while Americans believe God give them life whereas their parents are just pull them out.Therefore, Chinese parents and children are hierarchical, that is the so-called ”respect for seniority“.And in America, almost people are Christian.Parents and children are in the same class.They tend to be friends, just pointed out the fault and regardless of other things such as against.Scene two: taking old father in America to live togetherIn china, Datong is absolutely a dutiful son because it’s admirable to make parents live with their son and daughters.I guess no one in China would deny that.But in America, suchbehavior just can't be understood.Why the old father did not to live in his home, but in his son’s? Americans are puzzled, because in American, parents and children do not live together.Even when parents visit children, they have to make an appointment few weeks or even a few months before.This behavior in Chinese eyes seems incredible.They think that the relationship between American parents and children is too distant.In a word, both sides look at each other and feel nothing is right.Why? They have different ideas.Chinese like four generations under one roof, family happiness;while the Americans pay attention to individual personality, advocate individualism and independence of thought.And why the concept is different? We start from the filial piety and piety as well.Earlier we said that both China and the US have ”filial piety“, while the object is different.Chinese is more willing to live with parents, to do filial piety.The US is not with their parents who pull them into this world, because in their eyes, the role of parents is actually more like China brothers and sisters and it’s God who give their lives and souls.In Chinese, even if one large ancient family which people live together, in fact, can be divided into several small courtyards, deal with family affairs separately except some important issues.These partitional rules are more clear the modern life.Have you ever seen brothers and sisters live together? Perhaps no.Therefore, the Americans and their parents(like brothers and sisters)living in different roof is not surprising.Scene three: the understanding of “hitting you is for your own good”When Xu Datong hit Denis, Quinlan appeared shocked and uneasy.Denis did not want to sit by the side of his father at table for his father beat him.Grandpa told him that his father hit himfor his own good.People in China and America hold different positions to the same thing.In Chinese, to spare the rod was, traditionally, to spoil the child.The father to beat his son is good for son, son should not hold grudges, and they should obey the discipline, or it’s impiety;Americans think this behavior is abuse.It’s the appearance of not respecting the human rights.First, their laws don't allow this behavior.All are equal before the law.It’s illegal for the fathers to hit sons.It is a violation of human rights and a violation of the law.Second I think it is more important that Americans, from the bottom of their heart, think their parents and themselves are equal.Deep in their hea rts, the one who give them souls and lives isn’t parents, but the God.Though China has the law that everyone is equal, but the parents’ hit on children is called they are educating the children, and no one would charge their parents.Because Chinese parents are as holy American’s God, play as the life and soul giver.So there are grades between parents and children in China.They never think that they themselves and their parents are equal.All of this is according to the different object of ”filial piety“.Conc lusionIn cross-cultural communication, collision and conflict of culture can be seen everywhere.What the movie ”Guasha“ shows is only the tip of the iceberg.All differences originate in the differences in history, conception, belief, value.But the ”filial piety“ differences in Guasha are root in the different philosophical thinking about the sources of human.China as an atheist state(at least most people do), both the body and soul are given by parents.So parents have the sacred place in the hearts of their children and the place is inviolable.So in these situations above, Chinese will havedifferent attitudes and practices with foreigners.And USA, as a Christian country, affected by the Bible story of Adam and Eve, people in this country believe that man is created by God, they believe God gave the soul to the flesh, and God is their Lord who makes them able to survive and multiply.The loftiness of his position is no less than Chinese parents.That is the reason why the relationships in Americans and their parents are not as tight as Chinese do.As for the “filial piety”, China and the US have something in common.Although their concepts are different, the meaning is the same.God is to American what parents are to Chinese.all have the same emotional ties and treatment.That is to say, both have ”filial piety“, but American ”filial piety“ is for God, as we know, the “piety”.It is because of the different objects that there are so many cultural conflicts about ”filial piety” in Guasha, and then the perplexing “filial piety” cultural conflict in the whole society.第三篇:跨文化交际案例分析跨文化交际案例分析案例背景:在泰国,和泰国朋友在网上聊天时,他们有时候会发来“555”,本来是说到开心的时候,为什么要用这几个数字呢?在中国聊天时555表示哭的声音。
英语跨文化交际案例分析模板引言跨文化交际是指在不同的文化背景下进行沟通和交流的过程。
英语作为全球通用语言,在跨文化交际中起着重要的角色。
本文将通过分析一个跨文化交际案例,探讨在不同文化背景下英语交际可能面临的问题和挑战。
案例背景假设情景:两位年轻人来自不同国家,分别是中国和美国。
他们通过社交媒体结识,并希望通过英语交流进一步了解对方的文化和生活。
他们已经通过文字聊天开始沟通。
语言差异英语是两位年轻人进行跨文化交际的工具,然而,由于他们来自不同的国家,他们对英语的使用和理解可能存在差异。
首先,母语不同会导致对语法、用词和句子结构的理解不同。
中国的英语教育注重文法和翻译,而美国的英语教育更注重口语和交流能力。
因此,两人的表达方式可能存在一些差异。
其次,文化背景的差异也会影响对词汇和表达方式的理解。
中国文化中的礼貌和尊重是非常重要的,而美国文化则更注重直接和开放的表达方式。
因此,在沟通中,他们可能需要适应对方的文化差异,以更好地理解对方的意思。
非语言交际除了语言差异之外,非语言交际也是跨文化交际中需要注意的重要因素。
身体语言和面部表情在跨文化交际中起着重要的作用。
中国人习惯使用面部表情和手势来表达情感和意思,而美国人则更注重身体姿势和手势。
在聊天中,如果两人无法面对面交流,他们的面部表情和身体语言就无法得到传达,可能会影响信息的理解和交流的准确性。
另外,个人空间和触碰也是需要注意的问题。
在中国文化中,个人空间较大,普遍注重隐私和距离感;而在美国文化中,个人空间较小,更习惯于直接接触。
因此,在交流中,他们需要互相理解对方的个人空间和触碰需求,避免造成不必要的尴尬或冲突。
思考与解决策略跨文化交际中的问题和挑战可以通过以下策略来解决:1.意识到差异:双方应意识到彼此文化差异的存在,并用开放的心态看待这些差异。
这有助于双方更好地理解对方的行为和表达方式。
2.尊重和包容:尊重对方的文化差异,并以包容的态度对待不同的习惯和观念。
跨文化交际教程案例分析(英文)cross-cultural communication一.CaseAnalysisIn India, a white Sari(纱丽服,一种女性服装) symbolizes widowhood, while in the west, a white dress symbolizes purity.Answer the following questions:(1) What might these Indian women think about the Western custom of a bride in white?(2) What cultural phenomenon can be revealed in this case?Answer:1.Some Indian women who are more knowledgeable and well educated would have no difficulty in understanding the western brides in white, because they have seen the movies or plays from those English speaking countries or have read books about the western style of marriage routines. However, for some Indian women who hardly knew anything about the foreign culture or language, probably they would think the ladies in white are widows.2. In different cultures the same thing means differently to different people. This case particularly shows us that we are living in a world composed of nothing but cultures. The culture of one nation kind of defines their life and perceptions. It is hard to change your life not because you cannot change yourself but because you can’t change something invisible but powerful there, and that is culture.二.BOb中午下班的时候拿了本trade magazine准备出去吃中饭在大厅走廊里看到同事们在一起聊天其中几个跟他打招呼他心里不太高兴因为他们没有邀请他来吃中饭可他不知道的是他们之前讨论的就是他Bob不主动加入他们吃午饭每次都一个人先跑出去了他们觉得他被什么困难整天缠身他们很担心他This is a typical communication problems. Bob is not so active that his colleagues think he is always likes stay alone, which leads to a result that they do not ask Bob to have meal together. Actually, they all worry about him and think there must be something wrong with Bob.To avoid this situation they should have more communication to each other .As Bob i think he should spent more time with his collegues which is necessary to develop their relationship. As for the collegues, they should take more care about each other.。
Case Analysis of Cross-cultural Communication Film [Abstract]:With the advent of the 21st century, the degree of globalization continues to strengthen,and the communication between regions and countries becomes more and more frequent. As is known to all, the cultures of different nationalities have their own characteristics, and it is precisely because of these multi-ethnic cultures that our colorful world is made up of. However, it is undeniable that the existence of cultural differences leads to constant conflicts in the process of cultural exchanges. Crash and Scrapping two movies, for example, this paper tells the conflict phenomenon in cross-cultural communication and on the causes of these problems, puts forward some constructive Suggestions.[keywords]:Intercultural communication,Cultural differences, cultural consensusCross-cultural communication refers to the information transfer and communication between different cultural units. It is the communication between people in different cultural backgrounds. Due to the cultural differences between different countries, communicators often cause conflicts in communicative activities such as language blending and cultural integration due to different cultural backgrounds. Through watching relevant films, the paper discusses and studies the causes of problems in cross-cultural communication, and puts forward ways to alleviate conflicts, promote harmonious and friendly communication between regions, and promote the prosperity and progress of world culture.I.Analyze the problems in cross-cultural communication(I)Interpersonal relationship differences -- take film scrapping as an example As we all know, Western culture tend to be individualist. Westerns tend to view individualism as a good thing and believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible ——and they usually expect other people to do the same. As mentioned in the scrapping film, Xu datong succeeded through his own efforts and finally changed his social status and situation. Even the Chinese people still won the respect and admiration of the americans at that time.Westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of large group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personal benefit for the sake of group.However, in the face of the facts, the Chinese people, the more important. Although in fact is the father for the son scraping, but Xu datong still take the initiative to take the responsibility to protect his father. Although he knew it was illegal to leave the child alone at home, xu datong still went to pick up his father after receiving a call from the police. It is because of the culturaldifferences between the two sides that led to the tragedy of the life of Xu datong's family.Westerns tend to believe that individuals should make decisions for themselves, and that individual should take credit and responsibility for what they have personally done.In the film, a colleague of Xu datong, instead of helping him escape unwarranted charges under the law, testifies in court that he abused his son. One of the important reasons why this happened is that americans advocate individualism, law and facts, and colleagues do not know about scrapping and saw Xu datong beat his son, which led to the tragedy in the movie.(II)Conflicts caused by cultural differences -- take movie Crash as an example Does a white farmer in Illinois have so much in common with a black banker in New York that what we say they all belong to the same culture?Obviously there will be many difference between these two people ——they live in different regions, have different jobs, have different ethnic background, and so forth .Throughout the movie, I'm impressed with the two black brother, came out from the coffee shop, one of the black has been complaining about discrimination against blacks, whites and another black didn't think so, but in the black complain, another black gradually produced a strong sense of identity, so they conducted armed robbery, hit-and-run, and so on a series of bad things.In fact, this story can reflect the parents' teaching to their children, whether white or black, if parents teach them from an early age that white is noble, will not swear, will not do wrong, black is rude, uncivilized, always doing wrong. Then the idea will be rooted in the idea of children, then white and black children can never be friends, the misunderstanding between white and black people will be deeper, the conflict between the two sides will become more and more fierce, I believe if things go on for a long time, will eventually lead to the inevitable riots.However, most likely there are many things that they share in common. For example, the schools they went to probably taught roughly the same kinds of courses, they probably watch many of the same TV programs, they live under the same government and legal system ,and they probably all speak the same language.As a result, even if these people look different on the outside, the ideas and information in their heads will have much in common. You should say that they are many different brands of computers that look different on the outside, but have a lot of the same software and data. It is these shared ideas that make a grou p of people into a culture , in fact, you should say that a “culture ”is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads.Most modern societies believe that equality is a virtue.But there's no denying that every society still has hierarchy to some degree. In other words, some people have higher and more power than others. Thisinjustice is mainly reflected in the racial discrimination in the United States. In the movies, white people always have a higher status than black people, and black people are not respected by white people.Preserving good relationship and harmony between people, especially among one's ingroup and circle of acquaintance, is generally considered very important. so people generally try to avoid direct confilt. Therefore, in order to avoid conflicts, every one of us should master certain methods when conducting cross-cultural communication, so as to consciously carry out correct cross-cultural communication and promote the formation of a beautiful and harmonious society.II solutions to cross-cultural communication problems(I)Strengthen cross-cultural communication and learn from western culture Peace and good relation between nations, people and cultures need to be beased on mutual understanding. As you study English, you are learning how to be an ambassador who can serve as a bridge between China and the world, a translator who can help people of China and other countries better understand each other. The more you understand about intercultural communication, the more effectively you can serve as an ambassador for your own culture and as a bridge between your culture and others.When you are new to Chinese culture, this made it harder for you to understand why the other people acted as they did. When you really didn't understand what was happening, you should consider other possible explanations for the Chinese students' behavior instead of jumping to negative conclusions. To communicating with local people, you 'd better to improve the local language and learn as much as possible about local culture. Of course, you also need to learn something about intercultural communication and learned how to be a more effective intercultural communicator.As you learn about other culture there are two good habit you should cultivate right from the start. First, build the habit of consciously making an effort to avoid stereotypes. second, build the habit of making a conscious effort not to judge other cultures too quickly. one of the best way to manage our tendency to judge negatively is by cultivating the habit of describing things instead of evaluating them.(II)Interpreting what foreigners mean“Interpretation ”the process of deciding what foreigners' words and action mean and why they do what they do. However when you interpret the behavior of foreigners, you don't have so much cultural background information to help you understand their behavior, so you have to guess and use your imagination much more. If you interpret their behavior quickly, without thinking carefully and getting asmuch information as possible, it is very likely that your Interpretation will be at least partially wrong.The same three habits will help you be a more effective intercultural communication. First, get into the habit of consciously noticing that you are entering an intercultural encounter. Second, get into the habit of interpreting intercultural encounters more slowly, rather than jumping to conclusion quickly. The last but not least, get into the habit of thinking more consciously and carefully about the situation.(III)To become a good intercultural communicatorThere is no doubt that you will probably have to speak in English when you are interacting with Westerners .In fact, when people from two different cultures try to communicate with each other, at least one of them will almost certainly have to speak in some language other than his native tongue. Therefore to avoid the language gap problem and become a good intercultural communicator, you need to be aware of how speaking in a foreign language affect you and make a special effort not to let these negative affect how you interpret the words and actions of others.III.The conclusionAs I talk about culture in this passage, my goal is not to say that one culture is better or worse than another. Instead, our goal is to describe differences between culture,and try to come to a better understanding of Western and Chinese culture. Before one can evaluate a culture, one must understand it.Reference:I: A Book called Encounters With WesternersII: A Film called CrashIII: A Film called Scrapping。
Case 1 A CanadianThe shipping agent is serving the customers in the way that is considered efficient in Venezuelan culture. To the Canadian, however, this is unfocused activity that is not nearly as efficient as it would be —particularly from her point of view —if the agent simply dealt exclusively with her scheduled appointment./ In Canada, businesspeople typically write appointments and activities into the day’s agenda every day. They then work sequentially through the agenda until they have completed each task or the day is over. In other words, Canadians prefer to do one thing at a time, while the South Americans, including Venezuelans, tend to do a few things simultaneously.Case 2 A dozenAs a Westerner, the American visiting professor does not quite understand the collective ownership of information in some other cultural environments. What made her annoyed is a different attitude toward information about people. In the United States, it is generally assumed that personal matters are private. Teachers go through elaborate procedures to assure that students do not have access to each other’s grades. In business it is the same. Evaluations are confidential.Case 3 WhenAs a matter of fact, the American woman was not being disrespectful. However, it is clear that her way of showing respect and welcome was different from the ancient tradition of keeping physical distance from superiors, which is still widely observed, especially when royalty is involved.Paul Keating, the Australian prime minister, may have intended to suggest by his gesture that Australia would no longer accept the queen as head of state but just as one of their honored guests. Obviously, the British would not like it at all. Sometimes, such seemingly trivial things can influence relations between countries. That’s why protocol is taken seriously and people who are to hold diplomatic posts will be given detailed and careful instructions. Case 22 An AmericanPeople from different cultures mayconsider their own communicationstyle to be natural and normal, andtherefore tend to evaluate otherstyles negatively. In this case, bothpeople are unaware of the Americanpreference for a direct and explicitstyle in contrast to the morecontextual African style. Both thesecommunicators are likely to leavethe situation less inclined to ask oranswer questions of each other again.Case 23 A FrenchIn France it is required that all callsbegin with an apology for disturbingthe answer. They are also expected tobegin the call by checking that theyhave reached the right number,identifying themselves, and thenchatting with whoever has answeredthe phone, if this person is known tothem. Only after some conversationmay callers indicate their wish tospeak with the person they haveactually called to speak to.In contrast, callers in the U. S. A.apologize only when they feel theyhave called at an inappropriate time;they often ask for the person theywant without identifying themselvesor conversing with the answer, evenwhen that person is known to them;and they behave, in general, asthough the person who has answeredthe phone is just an extension of theinstrument itself.Case 24 At a 1970The Japanese have a strong dislike ofentering into direct confrontationsand placing others in anembarrassing position. It is verydifficult for a Japanese to respond toany suggestion or request with adefinite “no”. What the Japanese willoften do instead is resort to a vaguesort of reply to the effect that thematter needs further study andconsideration. They do this to saveface for the person who has made thesuggestion or request, but Americansmay not properly understand it andmay completely misinterpret thevagueness as compliance and assumethat the proposition has beenaccepted. But this was apparentlynever made clear to Nixon. That iswhy he included that he had beendouble-crossed. Themisunderstanding had seriousadverse consequences for Japanese U.S. relations.Case 9 In a cross-culturalWhen they are being scolded by thetrainers for being repeatedly late forafternoon sessions, the Chinesetrainees felt bewildered because theythought it is inappropriate for theCanadian trainers to become soangry about it. In their opinion, oneshould not let him- or herself behaveas emotionally like this. Theappropriate way to deal with such aperson would be to become coolertoward and more distant from theperson who behaved so irresponsibly.It was understandable that one wouldfeel angry in this situation but it wasnot appropriate to show anger, forthe other person would certainly loseface if anger were directed towardhim or her, and the angry personwould look foolish and childish andtherefore also lose face.Canadians see such situations in avery different way. They tend toexplicitly express how they feel andopenly criticize the person who theythink has been wrong orirresponsible. It seems to them thatthis has little to do with face.Case 18 Ted WashingtonTed Washington, the marketingmanager, rejected the sale proposalsof both the American, Dale Petersand the Japanese, Hideo Takahashi,without considering who made theproposal. While the direct andoutright rejection is O.K. with Peters,for he and the manager are from thesame culture, to Hideo, it meanssomething beyond the rejection of aproposal itself. Therefore, the twopeople responded to the rejection inquite different ways.In this case, the American believesthe root of the conflict lay indifferent goals and objectives,therefore, Peters entered into aheated discussion with Ted, trying toget his proposal accepted byproducing facts, figures, and graphsto illustrate his case. But theJapanese believes the conflict wasnot in the rejection of the proposalbut rather in the way it wascommunicated, so he thinks of it as apersonal attack or a sign of mistrust.In short, Americans tend to be moretask-oriented while the Japanese aremore likely to focus on interpersonalrelationships.Case 7 A femaleWhen the Canadian young man said, “Who took my peanut butter?”, what he really meant was “Where is my peanut butter? I can’t find it.”The Chinese doctor felt upset because in Chinese culture questions like this, especially expressed in the way the young Canadian man did, often imply that someone is to blame. Chinese culture prohibits direct accusing unless a person has been targeted for shame. However, true to her learned cultural behavior of never showing anger in public, the Chinese doctor didn’t say anything, though she was deeply distressed. Later, the physiotherapist was making a joke when she said the Chinese doctor had “three hands”. She wasn’t serious, of course, and expected the patient to be amused by her explanation for his pain: that the doctor on the other side of the room could have reached an imaginary hand out to touch him. She didn’t know that in Chinese a “three-handed person” is a slang for a thief.Case 17 TomIt is customary in China and many other Asian countries for hosts to ask their guests again and again to take more. Tom didn’t have to eat extra food if he didn’t want any more.In the U.S., a host will offer more food usually only once. And the Americans will take a “no” to mean “no”, whether it is the first, second or third time. However, in many other parts of the world it is considered good manners for guests not to accept an offer at first. Sometimes one mustn’t accept food the second time it is offered. Therefore, hosts try to repeat an offer until they are sure that their guests really want to decline.Case 25 A JapaneseNonverbal behaviors such as smiles seem to cut across cultural lines. But in reality, they are often found to be not universal. To most Americans, a smile is the most common nonverbal behavior to bridge gaps that may exist between strangers (including foreigners) and themselves. It is natural for them to be smiling and friendly when they come across strangers. But in eastern Asian countries like Japan, smiles are used differently. Japanese do not readily show their feelings. In Japan, people do not usually smile at a stranger. Ifyou do, you might be consideredimpolite.Case 8 Brent WeberIn American culture, people’spersonal goals take priority overtheir allegiance to groups like thefamily or the employer. The loyaltyof individuals to a group is usuallyweak. Americans are apt to changetheir relationship if it suits theirindividual needs, and they are notlikely to be emotionally dependenton organizations and institutions.In Japanese society, the relationshipbetween an employee and the firm ismuch more interdependent,somewhat similar to a child-motherrelationship where the mother (firm)is obliged to take care of her children(employees) and children(employees) have to obey and followthe commands of their mother (firm).It is not surprising for an Americanto try to find another job before he orshe leaves his or her presentemployer if he or she consider itnecessary for him- or herself.However, this action was regardedby the Japanese firm as disloyal,undermining the trust between thetwo parties. In spite of this, themanager of the firm did not like theparting to be understood as Brentbeing fired, because the appearanceof harmony and agreement withinthe group (the firm in this case) isimportant in Japanese society.Case 16 A missionWhat went wrong in this case?Contrary to general Americanperception, it is considered properbehavior for Japanese to be silent. Itis a discreet way to show respect ifhe listens to others speak rather thanspeaking out. So the Japanesedelegates did what they consideredproper, i.e., listen quietly to what theAmericans had to say. Silence oftenmeans that they are seriouslythinking about the subject at issue.But many Americans will interpretsilence in a conversation to meandisapproval, disagreement, or evenarrogance. This is an example thatillustrates the problem of theso-called “perception-gap”.Participants in communicationperceive each other’s behavior invery different ways, which oftenresults in misunderstanding orconflict.Case 26 Wang PingChinese people seldom hug eachother, particularly in public places. Ifpeople do, a romantic message isusually conveyed. Go to any airportor train station in China, and you willsee scenes of greeting and good-byewith all the feeling expressed in theeyes and the face and in the practicalthings family members and relativesand friends do for each other, but it isunlikely people will hug, with onlyyounger ones as an exception.In contrast, people of Latin Americancultures touch each other incommunication much more thanpeople of some other cultures,especially Eastern Asian cultures. Ata time of meeting a friend or upondeparting, hugging each other is verynatural for Latin American people.On such occasions, hugging has nosexual connotation; it is just like ahandshake in China, but warmer andmore enthusiastic. Women tend tohug each other more than men hugwomen, but both are common. One’sdiscomfort at hugging in suchsituations may be interpreted byLatin American people asunfriendliness.Case 27 The otherAs with smiling, laughing does notalways serve the same function indifferent cultures. Interestingly, forus Chinese, laughing often has aspecial function during tense socialoccasions. People may laugh torelease the tension or embarrassment,to express their concern for you,their intention to put you at ease or tohelp you shrug off theembarrassment. In this case, thepeople there actually wished to laughwith the American rather than at him.Their laughing seemed to convey anumber of messages: don’t take it soseriously; laugh it off, it’s nothing;such things can happen to any of us,etc. unfortunately, the America wasunaware of this. He thought theywere laughing at him, which madehim feel more embarrassed andangry, for in his culture laughing onsuch an occasion would beinterpreted as an insulting response,humiliating and negative.。
跨文化交际英语案例分析万能模板引言在全球化的趋势下,跨文化交际已成为日常生活和工作中的常态。
无论是国际贸易、跨国合作还是旅游交流,我们都会面临与不同文化背景的人进行交流和沟通的挑战。
特别是在学习和使用英语的过程中,我们需要了解不同文化对于语言使用和交际方式的影响。
本文将通过分析具体的跨文化交际案例,探讨英语学习者在不同文化背景下的沟通策略和技巧。
案例一:商务洽谈中的礼节差异A公司是一家美国跨国公司,打算与中国的B公司展开商务合作。
双方代表进行了一次面对面的商务洽谈。
在会议中,中国代表以客人的身份招待美国代表,并为其安排了一顿丰盛的中餐。
然而,美国代表主动将自己的商业计划一一介绍后,提出了一些具体的问题和要求。
此时,中国代表显然有些紧张和不悦,并没有直接回答问题,而是转移了话题,讲述了一些与商务无关的事情。
这种回应方式在美国文化中被视为不专业和不直接,可能会影响双方的合作关系。
在这个案例中,我们可以看出美国和中国在商务洽谈中的礼节差异。
美国文化注重直接、效率和专业性,而中国文化则更加注重人际关系和面子。
为了避免类似的情况发生,英语学习者可以采取以下策略: - 尊重和理解对方文化的特点,尽量适应对方的沟通方式; - 在交流过程中保持礼貌和尊重,不要过于直接或冷漠; - 尽量避免忽视对方分享的个人经历,可以采用开放式的问题引导对话,促进更深入的交流。
案例二:面试中的语言差异某公司招聘一名国际销售经理,面试环节中的英语口语能力成为了重要的考察点。
一位来自美国的面试官问了一道开放性问题:“你在此之前是如何处理一次跨国销售合作中的文化冲突的?”应聘者来自中国,他理解问题后,迅速开始介绍了自己曾经参与的一次错误的销售合作案例,强调通过学习和理解对方文化后,取得了成功。
然而,面试官希望应聘者更多地关注解决冲突的方法和技巧,而不是侧重于个人经历的叙述。
这使得应聘者在面试中失去了一部分分数。
这个案例揭示了中西文化在表达方式上的差异。
跨文化交际案例及分析(精选5篇)跨文化交际案例及分析范文第1篇[关键词]跨文化外语教学案例分析大同学跨文化交际本领一、跨文化英语教学现状分析就我国的外语教学现状而言,高一虹(2023:28)指出,现有的跨文化交际本领培育模式都有肯定局限。
行为中心的培育模式,只关注交际行为本身和交际结果,执着于实在目标,但在我们一般性的大学教育中,很难确定同学将来可能与之打交道的目的文化,因此也很难像对特定出国人员进行培训那样对同学实施有较强针对性的训练;学问中心模式,则集中于认知层面,重要向同学灌输有关文化学问,但难以让同学产生切身体验,而且还不适用于处理文化的多样性和动态性,传授文化学问简单变成“定型”(stereotype),反而不利于跨文化交际本领向较高层次进展。
另外,我们的教学大纲设计和教学实践往往缺乏充足的开放性,没有给同学较多面对问题和独立解决问题的机会。
因此在跨文化外语教学中,需要依据跨文化交际本领框架,提高同学使用语言的正确性的同时还要帮忙其提高言语行为的得体性。
在近年来对跨文化交际本领框架的浩繁讨论中,笔者认为杨盈、庄恩平(2023)提出的由全球意识、文化调适、文化学问和交际实践四大本领系统构成的外语教学跨文化交际本领框架,符合教学大纲和教学实践的要求,具较强可行性。
二、案例分析在跨文化英语教学中的作用目前跨文化英语教学普遍采纳的方法重要包括背景学问导入、文化内涵探究、案例分析、角色扮演及情景仿照、实例搜索等。
案例分析教学中将不同文化背景的语言特色、风土人情、历史事件和现实冲突等素材呈现于同学面前,是跨文化学问、意识、思维和交际本领的综合训练过程,能帮忙同学达到学习外语语言技能与培育跨文化交际本领有机结合的目的。
在谈到案例教学法时,陈建平(2023)强调:“案例是为适应特定的教学目的而编写的”,教学过程重要是“同学之间的讨论和辩论”,教学目的重要是“培育同学的本领”。
上述特点,使案例教学能很好适用于跨文化外语教学,它对培育本领的重视大过取得学问,成为语言文化学问向跨文化本领变化的有效途径。
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132Case One:Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality案例:When Zhang Tao traveled in America,he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill。
Once after he had traveled back,he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water。
Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water。
Zhang Tao felt uneasy。
How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?分析:1)In China,when people host someone,they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality。
They try to take care of the guest,and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease.2)In America,people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully.3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him.4)Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner。
Unit 1 Language and Culture in CommunicationTheory Communication is something we do every day. It takes place so naturally that we simply fail to notice it until it hiccups or breaks down. Though it is commonplace,it is no exaggeration to say that communication is life and life is communication。
1。
When you join a social gathering, you must be aware of rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. There is a technical term for such rules and procedures—schema。
2. Face and politeness are two other areas which are extremely value—sensitive. One of the distinctive features of Chinese politeness is self—denigration and other—elevation。
Case 1:Litz is a professor of cross—cultural communication in a university in Finland。
She invited her Chinese students home for an evening party.The schema from Litz’s point of view includes the following:1。
Case 1 Girl-nessAs a visiting professor in an American university, Zhang Hua was invited togive a lecture to a group of American students. He talked about universitystudents in China. During the question-and-answer period after the lecture, onefemale student asked a question that surprised Zhang Hua.“ When you talked about female students, you referred to them as girls. Why?”“ Because they are girls. That’ s what they are called,” Zhang Hua tried to answer, but he knew he did not really understand the tentin of the question.“ Idon’ t quite understand your question, I’ m afraid.”“ In the States, we call ourselves‘ women’ if we’ re old enough to go to the university. Calling us‘ girls’ is insulting.”Do Chinese female college students prefer to be called women?Case 2Many years ago, a Chinese man showed a photo of his wife to some Americanvisitors. Out of courtesy, they all said,” She is very beautiful.” Also out of courtesy, the man replied with what he would have done in Chinese under the circumstance,” Where! Where! ” Quite taken aback, nobody said anything for amoment, until the most ingenious one among the visitors, taking another look atthe photo, said,“ Oh, everywhere!”What did the Chinese intend to mean by replying with“ Where! Where!”?Case 1 Girl-nessAs a visiting professor in an American university, Zhang Hua was invited to give alecture to a group of American students. He talked about university students in China.During the question-and-answer period after the lecture, one female student asked aquestion that surprised Zhang Hua.“ When you talked about female students, you referredto them as girls. Why?”“ Because they are girls. That’ s what they are called,”Zhang Hua tried to answer, but he knew he did not really understand the intent of the question.“I don’ t quite understand your question, I’ m afraid.”“ In the States, we call ourselves‘women’ if we’ reold enough to go to the university.Calling us‘ girls’ is insulting.”Do Chinese female college students prefer to be called women?Case 2Many years ago, a Chinese man showed a photo of his wife to some American visitors. Out ofcourtesy, they all said, ”She is very beautiful.” Alsoout of courtesy, the man replied withwhat he would have done in Chinese under the circumstance,” Where! Where!”Quite taken aback, nobody said anything for a moment, until the most ingenious one among the visitors,taking another look at the photo, said,“ Oh, everywhere!”What did the Chinese intend to mean by replying with“ Where! Where!”?Case 3“I Just Wanted to Talk” .Wu tong was a graduate student in a Chinese university. Like many students these days,he was very keen on learning English. He would talk with English speakers as often as hecould.One day, he saw a new foreigner on campus, Leonard Ramsay, and overheard himspeaking English. When Mr. Ramsay finished speaking with the other person, he turned togo, but Wu Tong stopped him. He went up and said,“ You speak English, is that right?”“ Yes, why?”“ I’ d like to practise my English withyou, if you don’ t mind.”Mr. Ramsay looked a little annoyed.“ I prefer not to, if you don’ t mind.”Case 4 An Unwanted Food ServiceDuring a lunch buffet at a conference in China, Wu Fa, the interpreter of the conference,sat with four foreign participants. They were having a good time talking. When Wu Fa stoodup for more food, she asked whether she could bring anything back for them.Everyone thanked her and said“ no” . A while later, Wu Fa came back with a plate full of food, and asked whether the others would like to have something from her plate.Again, the four others said ,“ No”.“Oh, please take something, I can’ t eat this much food myself.”The foreigners shrugged and one or two of them even frowned a little.Case 5 Simple Can Be SpecialWen Hong had an American professor in her economics class in China. She had given the professor a lot of help during the course. At the end of the semester , the professor and hiswife invited her to their home for dinner. They said they were going to cook her an American meal.Wen Hong felt very flattered and excited,since McDonald, KFC and PizzaHut had been her only exposure to Western cooking.They had salad to start with,then steak with potatoes,followed by ice cream. Wen Hong had expected more courses but the meal came to an end. Sheknew the professor and his wife were being kind to her,but somehow shewas a little disappointed. She wondered whether Americans do eat like that at home. Case 6 Chinese Coffee CustomsWhile studying in the United States, Lin Jun made a few American friends.One day he invited two of them to his apartment and cooked them a meal.When his friends said they would like some coffee, he started boiling somewater. Without asking them any questions, he made three cups of 3-in-1 coffee,the way he usually took it.Both friends tasted the coffee and frowned. One said she always took coffeeblack, the other said he preferred to have less sugar in his coffee. They also toldhim that the spoon is for stirring the coffee, not to drink from like he did. LinJun was embarrassed. He had thought that everyone drank coffee the sameway as he did.Case 7 Noise from NoodlesJane and Peter were Chen Dong’ s landlord and landlady when he was in the States. They had become good friends by the end of his one-year stay. Theykept in touch with each other after Chen Dong returned to China. Jane and Peter decided to visit China soon after Chen Dong left the States.They made a special stop in Guangzhou where Chen Dong lives. Chen Donghad promised to show them around the city and let them try some authenticCantonese food. One thing,in particular ,he wanted them to try was noodles.He knew several restaurants that served good noodles and took the couple toone of them for lunch one day.Noodles typically come in soup in Cantonese cooking. Chen Dongstarted eating the noodles with chopsticks,while Jane and Peter exchanged a look at the noise that came with his eating. After a little hesitation,they asked for forks. A waitress told them that they did not have forks, and Chen Dong explained that noodle restaurants do not usually keep forks because no one would think ofusing forks for noodles.In the next half an hour, Jane and Peter had a hard time trying to roll thelong noodles onto their chopsticks. Chen Dong said,“ that ’ s not the way we eat noodles. You put the noodles directly tooury mouth with your chopsticks.”“ But that ’ s not the way we eat noodles,”Jane and Peter said, frowning. Case 8 Dinner in a Chinese HomeBesides taking Peter and Jane to restaurants, Dong Chen also invited themto his home for dinner once. Dong henC ‘ s mother is a nice wife, and madeeight courses for four of them.“ I'm sorry there isn’ t much for dinner, she said.”“ God this is much more than enough food,” Jane said. Peter was too overwhelmed to even respond to Dong Chen‘ motherDong Chen was a little embarrassed.“ This is whatusuallywe say to guests,even though there’ s plenty of foodheexplained”.What bewildered Jane and Peter most was that thoughDong Chen’ s motherkept saying that the food was not good,she constantly served helpings to Janeand Peter.Peter did not like two of the courses very much,and felt bad that hisplate was full with whatever he would not be able to eat. At seeing Dong Chen'smother’ s next move to serve him food,he said in a begging voice,“ Please don ’ tgive me any more food.Let me do it myself.Case 9A Not-sociable DrinkMartin was sent by an American company to work in a special economicdevelopment zone in China for a year. He became very friendly with a few Chinese colleagues. Soon, he started to go out with them. He noticed that Chinese like tohave something , such as peanuts, when they have beer, instead of just drinkingbeer without anything to eat as many North Americans do.One day he was invited to a dinner party to celebrate a colleague’ s birthday. They ordered alcoholic beverages and toasted the guest of honor frequently.Soon Martin realized that the plan was to get their friend drunk. Each colleaguewould offer a toast, concluding with a cheery“ gan bei!”and tried to get Martin to join in, even though he was unwilling to do it. Martin didn’ t think it a good idea, and tried to talk them out of the game. However, he was accused ofnot being a good friend for not co-operating.Martin remained an outsider during the rest of the dinner. He wasgetting increasingly worried as he watched the poor guest becomeincreasingly inebriated.Case 10 A Misunderstanding at a Dinner TableRoger was a student majoring in East Asia Studies in an Americanuniversity. He started an e-mail correspondence with Zhang Li, a sociologymajor in China, who was introduced to him through a mutual friend.Upon graduation, Roger got a big gift from his grandfather. Grandpa wouldpay for a round-trip ticket to China. He told Zhang Li the good news, and thetwo decided to meet.Zhang Li decided to give Roger a very special welcome: she and the threewomen students in her dormitory would cook him an authentic Chinese meal,as Roger had told her that he loved Chinese food.However, when Roger was presented the dinner, he was almost terrified by someof the food: pork stomach soup, pig liver with ginger and spring onion, chickenwith mushrooms in which the chicken had been cut to pieces with bonesattached to the meal.Fortunately , there were courses like tofu, stirred fried beef, steamed fish andvegetables that Roger loved. He tried to stick to them but Zhang Li kept puttingfood he did not like on his plate. When she asked how he liked the liver, Rogersaid, “ It ’ s very unusual⋯and interesting.“ This seemed to make Zhang Li happy. And she gave him more liver. Roger tried to stop her, but she would notbe stopped. Roger was so frustrated that he told her that he did not really like itthat much.“ But you said it was unusual and interesting!” Zhang Li said.“ Wethey both mean something less than positive,”Roger said carefully, trying not to hurt their feelings.Zhang Li and her friends became concerned at this.”“ So you don’ t like the food?” I ’ m not used to eating liver, that’ s all. But I do like the chicken, the beef, the tofu, and the vegetables. I have had more than enough to eat. I never makethis much food at home,” Roger was eager to let them know how much heappreciated their effort.“ Trust me, I’ m enjoying the food. I know what I like.Having said that, he found a piece of chicken that was less bony, held it inhis hand to eat it, and then licked his fingers. Zhang Li and her friends looked ateach other in shock.It was not a perfect first meeting for either Zhang Li or Roger.Case 11 Over-dressed TouristsAs a van stopped in front of Niagara Falls, a group of Chinese officials streamedout. They were dressed in suits and ties, wearing leather shoes. Manyof the men also had left the manufacture’ s tag on the sleeve of their suit jacket.As they wandered around Niagara Falls, some of them started to smoke. Theirattire drew the stares of North American tourists, some of whom quietly laughedwith their friends and pointed at the Chinese visitors. Others frowned atseeing the smoking and shook their heads in disapproval. Case 12 Tie CultureJane was a tourist and spent some time staying with a Chinese friend at herhome. They watched a children’ s porgram while having breakfast one morning.A young man, the host of the program, gave instructions of a game to afew children, and then joined them running in a circle.(圆满word版)跨文化交际英文案例“ My, he ’ s wearing a tie and running crazy with the children!”Jane exclaimed.The Chinese friend shrugged,” Is this very unusual?”Case 13 An American in ChinaProfessor Smith and his assistant, Chen Ming,were doing fieldwork in asmall city in China. It was hot and humid, and both were casually dressed. Oneevening as they were leaving for dinner, a local administrator told them that the mayor of the city, who was interested in the type of research they were doing,would like to say hello to Professor Smith. As luck would have,itthe Mayorwas dining in the same restaurant as Smith and Chen Ming.Professor Smith said he had to go back to his room to change.“ You look fine,Come on,the mayor is waiting,” the administrator said.“ No, I can’ t meet the mayor in my shorts”Case 14 The Generosity of a Chinese StudentMatt was invited to a Chinese university to give a few lectures. Duringhis short stay there, a graduate student volunteered to show him around thecity. Matt accepted the offer gratefully. It was summer and soon both Mattand the graduate student began to get quite hot. While Matt took somepictures, the graduate student went to buy some drinks.“ Thank you. How much do I owe you? ” Matt asked.“ Nothing. ” The student smiled.“ Are you sure? ”“ Yes. ”At lunchtime, Matt suggested they have a quick meal. They stopped bya McDonald. Again, the graduate student tried to pay for Matt.“ No, this is my treat. You’ re a student, I’ m a professor. You’ ve given me t time to show me around. You already paid for my drink. Ican’ t let you pay formy lunch again.”Case 15 A Gift from a Chinese StudentXie Dong did his graduate study in an American university. He cameback to China for summer vacation. When he went back to his program, hepaid his supervisor a visit and presented him a gift.The professor opened the gift. It was a ginseng with its many tiny rootsspreading out in a very artistic pattern. It clearly was an expensive gift.The professor ’ s eyes shone at the ginseng, but he then began to feel uneasy.“ Xie Dong, I appreciate your kindness, but I can’ t take this as a gift.”“ Why? Don’ t you like it?” It was Xie Dong’ s turn to be uneasy now.“ Oh, sure, I love it. But I can’ t accept it.”“ Why?”“ Because I didn’ t do anything to deserve such a gift.”Case 16 Telephone CourtesyKathy and David, a couple from the US, signed a one-year contract towork in China. Both were extroverted and soon made some Chinese friends.Before long, people started calling them at home. David was sometimesaway on business trips for a few days, and if someone looked for him, Kathyoften would find the conversation awkward.“ Where did he go?” The caller typically would ask.“ Can I pass on any message?” Kathy asked politely, trying to avoid thequestion.“ Is he out of town?”callerThe was usually very persistent.“ Yes, can I help you in any way?” Kathy tried to be polite, but she could not help feeling uncomfortable.Case 17 “ Not So Close, Please ”He Jia had lived in the United States for 7 years before she came back towork in China. She found that she had become accustomed to social habits inNorth America and that some Chinese behaviours now caused her somediscomfort. For example, one day, back in China, she was in a queue to use anATM. She had noticed that people were standing very close to each other. In fact,the person behind her could, if she or he wanted, to see her enter the PIN of herATM card. He Jia wanted to make people aware of the discomfort of the user bykeeping her distance from the person in front of her. However, the people behindher pushed her to move forward.Case 18 The Privacy of the PageSimon and Cheng Feng often studied together to prepare for exams. Oneday, in the middle of a study session, Simon said he wanted to get a coffee. Heasked Cheng Feng ifhe wanted any, but he said,“ No” . When he came back, he’ t say found Cheng Feng reading his notes. He was upset and, although he didnanything at the time, he never studied with Cheng Feng again. ChengFeng noticed the change and wondered what had happened.Case19The Privacy of PhotographsRose invited Lili to her home one day. While they were having coffee, Roseshowed Lili a few pictures of her boyfriend in a photo album. Lilicasually turned to other pages after that.Rose stopped her,“ I’ d rather you not look at other pictures.”Lili was embarrassed, and apologized,“ I’ m sorry.”Case 20 The Privacy of PriceAfter living in the States for some time, Ping Li observed that Americanslike to comment on each other ’ s looks and clothesn. sheSowhesaw a fellowgraduate student wearing a nice dress at a party, she complimented her bysaying.“ This is a very beautiful dress.” “ Oh thank you , I bought it last year before Christmas ,” the student very pleased.“ How much was it?”Ping Li asked.“ Well I don ’ t quite remember, ” the student seemed unprepared for thequestion, and answered a little hesitatingly.Case 21 The Privacy of the PersonZou Qing and Nancy became friends after they met in a course theyboth took.Nancy had had gray hair much earlier than people of the sameage,and had been dyeing her hair for several years.While they were having a break one day in between two classes, and ZouQing noticed that Nancy had some invisible gray hair on her. She told her so,but Nancy changed the topic right away.When everyone else left,Nancy said to Zou Qing,“ Please don ’ t mention my grayhair while there were men around.”Case 22 Unacceptable CuriosityMr and Mrs Peterson came to China with a tour group. One evening, theydecided to take a walk outside their hotel. They soon noticed that quite a fewpeople stared at them. One man even quickly walked past them and thenturned back to look at them several times. Both Mr and Mrs Peterson feltuncomfortable about the staring and went back to the hotel sooner than theyhad planned.Case 23 Confusion in Communicating LoveLe, a Chinese woman, and Bill, an American man, were very much in love. Their relationship started with their shared interest in photography. As time went on, however, Le became dependent on Bill whenever she wanted to take a picture,because she felt that Bill was a much better photographer than she was.Whenever she noticed a scene that would make a good image, she would askBill to take the picture for her.Bill was not very pleased but did not say anything for a while. However, Lesoon got to a point where she began to ask Bill to load and unload the film. Billdecided that it was too much for him to bear. He exploded,“ What’ s the matter with you? Don ’ t you know how to load and unload a film? Can’ t you take a picture any more?”Le was so shocked that she burst into tears.“ I ask you to do things only because’ s wrong with that?”you do it better than me. WhatCase24 Unwanted AttentionTeresa is a Chinese American teaching English temporarily at a Chineseuniversity. She is very easy going, and soon the students got to know herwell enough to invite her out regularly.Crossing the very busy and wide streets in the city was a scary experiencefor Teresa, and she complained of it repeatedly. As a result, the femalestudents began to try to help her by taking her hand or grasping her arm whilethe male students seemed to be shy about protecting her.Teresa was uncomfortable with her female students touching her, and toldthe women they did not need to do it. Her female students thought she was beingpolite and continued to take care of her the same way. Teresa became souncomfortable that she tried to move away from her female studentswhenever they had to cross the road.Case 25 Holding HandsChris was a visiting professor in China. On one day, one of his students,Sun Hui, showed him around the city. Sun Hui soon noticed that Chris wasinterested in taking pictures of men that were walking arm-in-arm or touchingeach other when they talked.“ I don’ t see anything special about those men,”Sun Hui said curiously.“ Well, we don’ t see much of that in men in the States,” Chris said,“Th gay, aren’ t they?”Case 26 Friendship MisunderstoodYan Hong was a Chinese painter who immigrated to the United States. Shemet Jenny, an American physician in a club one day. They soon became friends,and sometimes went out for coffee and lunch together.One day, Jenny gave Yan Hong a very beautiful vase. Yan Hong loved thevase very much, and felt she should give Jenny something in return. So shegave Jenny a painting she brought from China. Jenny was very pleased.A few days later, Jenny invited Yan Hong to her home for the first time.They made dinner together and enjoyed the meal a lot. Then they sat down towatch TV. When Jenny tentatively held Yan Hong ’ s hand, Yan Hong was notaware of anything unusual. However, when Jenny sat closer to her and kissedher, Yan Hong was terrified. She pushed Jenny away and cried,“I’ m not a lesbian!”Jenny was in shock, and asked accusingly,“ Then why didn’ t you tell me earlier?”Case 27 Learning about FlirtingChen Qing was a visiting scholar in an American university. He had madesome friends with professors and students there. One day he went to a partywhere the atmosphere became less and less inhibited. Chen Qing noticed thatmen and women touched each other a lot more than he was used to. At the endof the party, most people hugged each other good-bye. One woman came to hugChen Qing, but he stiffened as she attempted to give him a hug. He had neverhugged any women except his wife in his life. Other women noticed this, and noone else tried to hug him.However, Chen Qing felt left out when people hugged each other but nothim. He found himself in a very awkward situation: he didn’ t want to be hugged, neither did he want to be left out. He did not know what he wanted or how toresolve his conflicting emotions.Case28 Lost in LoveLi Ying fell in love with an American man in her second year in the UnitedStates. They spent a lot of time together. After they had been to all the places ofinterest in the city, they had to decide where to go or what to do for the next date.John typically would ask Li Ying,“ What do you want to do today?” , or“ Where shall we go?” Li Ying would sometimes tell what she wanted, but moreoften than not, she would say“ It’ s up to you” , or“ Whatever you want to do “ Wherever you want to go.”John frowned at such responses several times until one day when Li Ying said“ up to you” again.“ For God’ s sake, tell me what you want to do!”He cried o loud.Li Ying was shocked at his reaction.“Isn’ t it clear to you? I’ ll do what want to do.”“ No, it isn’ t clear at all. I want to know what you want to do!” John wa almost angry.“ Don’ t you realize that sometimes I want to do what you want todo, too? ”Case 29 Lovers Become StrangersXiao Xin and Peter are newly-weds. Though they spent a lot of time witheach other before getting married, they never really lived together. Notsurprisingly, their marriage was followed by a series of minor problems whilethey tried to adjust to each other’ s ways of life. One difficult issue came up abouttwo months after their new life, when Peter came home from worklooking unhappy.“ What happened?” Xiao Xin asked.“ Nothing much, I’ m just very tired,” Peter said.“ I can tell that it’ s more than that.”Peter gave Xiao Xin a quiet look, went into the bedroom, and threwhimself to bed.Xiao Xin followed him in.“ Don’ t you want to talk about it?”“ No, I don’ t.”“ Perhaps I can help?” Xiao Xin suggested.“ Xiao Xin, sometimes you just have to give me some space. All I need now issome privacy! ” Peter yelled.Xiao Xin was in shock.“ Don’ t you trust me?”“ Geez, it’ s not a matter of trust! Can’ t you accept the fact that talking to you” Peter was becoming frustratedisn ’ t the solution to every one of my problems?and impatient.Xiao Xin was in tears. Her husband seemed to have become a stranger to her.Case 30 A Gift of SelfZhang Ge and Simon were head over heels in love with each other. Theydecided to go away to spend a major holiday somewhere. It was winter time,so they flew south in search of sunshine and warm water.However, Simon developed diarrhea soon after they settled in a hotel. He feltweak and had to lie down for a rest. Zhang Ge was worried and stayed him inthe room. Outside the window, the sun was shining, and they could hear the surf.The sun and beach is what they had dreamed about for months during thewinter back home.“ Go and have some fun,” Simon said to Zhang Ge.“ How can I go and have fun while you’ re sick in bed?”“ Why not, it’ s not your fault that I’ m sick. Besides, there’ s nothing you can here.”“ Nonsense! I can keep your company, and you’ ll feel better with me aroundyou. ”“ Are you sure you want to do this instead of going out?”“ Yes, I’ m sure. I won’ t go without you.”“ Oh, you’ re so special. I love you so much!”Simon drew Zhang Ge near and kissed her.Case 31 A Close GirlfriendLiu Hong and Wu Xin have been good friends since they were young girls.Both eventually had the opportunity to study in the United States, although theyended up in two different cities. After their first year of hard work, they decided todo some traveling together. Liu Hong went to stay with Wu Xin for two daysbefore they set off. Then they visited three cities over the next 10 days.Liu Hong came back from the trip and told her American friends aboutthe trip. She casually mentioned that they had to share one bed in oneparticular motel.“ Oh, did you?” , said one of the friends in a tone that made Liu Hong feel uncomfortable.Case 32 Interpreting a Smile. Peter is the general manager of an American company in China. Recently,Chen Jun, one of the Chinese managers made a mistake at work that causedsome difficulties that required a lot of effort to fix. Chen Jun was very upsetabout what had happened, and came to Peter’ s office to make a formal apology.Chen Jun went into Peter’ s office after being told to, smiling before he spoke.“ Peter, I’ ve been feeling very upset about the trouble I’ ve caused for the company. I’ m here to apologize for the mistake. I’ m terribly sorry about it and I want you to know that it will never happen again.” Chen Jun said, looking atPeter with the smile he had been wearing since he walked into the office. Peterfound it hard to accept the apology. He looked at Chen Jun, and asked,“ are you sure?”“ Yes, I’ m very sorry and I promise this won’ t happen again,”Chen Jun said with a smile even broader than before.“ I ’ m sorry I just can’ t take your apology. You don’ t look sorry at all!”Pet angrily.Chen Jun’ s face turned very red. He did not in the least expect Peter to takeit negatively. He was desperate to make himself understood.“ Peter,” he managed to smile again,“ trust me, no one can feel any more sorry than I doabout it.”Peter was almost furious by now,“ if you’ re that sorry, how can you still smile? ”Case33 Interpreting a LaughHuihua, a Chinese student, and Mary , an American student studyingChinese in China, were on their way to a bookstore. As they got to the bookstore,they saw a young man walking down a flight of stairs. In his hurry, he missed thelast two steps, and fell on the ground. He struggled to get back to his feet whilepeople around him laughed. Fortunately, he seemed to be O.K.Mary was worried. She found Huihua smiling a little and was notcomfortable about it. Tell me, Huihua, how could people laugh when someonefell like that? Do they care at all? Shouldn’ t they go up and ask the young man whether he was hurt?”Huihua said,“ they knew he wasn’ t hurt too much.”“ But I still don ’ t understand. A fall is a fall. In my culture, peopledo wouldanything but laugh! ”Case 34 Different Lunch BoxesPeter was one of the American technicians who came to China to help set upa coffee plant. He was in China for six months.Before leaving for home,oneof his Chinese colleagues took him out to dinner. Peter decided to ask him aquestion that had puzzled him for as long as he worked in the plant.。
跨文化案例12分析英语作文Title: Analyzing Cross-Cultural Case Study 12。
Cross-cultural communication and understanding are crucial aspects of globalization, shaping how people from diverse backgrounds interact and perceive each other. Case Study 12 presents a fascinating scenario that highlightsthe complexities and challenges inherent in cross-cultural interactions. This analysis aims to delve into theintricacies of the case, exploring the cultural differences, communication barriers, and potential solutions.Firstly, it is important to note the cultural backgrounds of the individuals involved in the case. The participants come from two distinct cultures, each with its unique values, beliefs, and social norms. These differences often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, as eachparty interprets the other's behavior and communication through the lens of their own culture.One significant difference that stands out is the approach to hierarchy and authority. In some cultures, hierarchy is highly valued, with strict adherence to formalities and respect for authority figures. In contrast, other cultures emphasize equality and informality, viewing authority and hierarchy as less important. This divergence in values can lead to misunderstandings when individuals from these cultures interact, as each may expect different levels of respect and formality from the other.Communication styles also vary significantly across cultures. Some cultures prefer direct and assertive communication, while others prefer indirect and subtle approaches. Direct communication can be perceived as rude or aggressive in some cultures, while indirect communication can be interpreted as evasive or dishonest in others. In Case Study 12, the participants' different communication styles likely contributed to the tension and misunderstandings between them.Moreover, nonverbal communication plays a crucial role in cross-cultural interactions. Body language, facialexpressions, and eye contact can convey different meanings depending on the cultural context. For instance, eye contact is considered essential in some cultures as a sign of respect and attention, while in others, it can be interpreted as challenging or disrespectful. Similarly, gestures and spatial proxemics can vary across cultures, leading to misunderstandings if not interpreted correctly.In addition to these cultural differences, language barriers can further complicate cross-cultural communication. Language is not just about words but also about context, nuances, and implicit meanings. When individuals from different cultures speak different languages, they may encounter difficulties in understanding each other's words and intentions. This can lead to misinterpretations and conflicts if not addressed effectively.To overcome these challenges and improve cross-cultural communication, several strategies can be employed. Firstly, it is important to have a basic understanding of the other culture's values, beliefs, and social norms. This knowledgehelps individuals interpret the other's behavior and communication more accurately, reducing the chances of misunderstandings.Secondly, adapting one's communication style to the other culture can be beneficial. This involves being flexible and willing to adjust one's approach to communication based on the context and the other party's preferences. For instance, if someone from a culture that values hierarchy and authority is communicating with someone from a more egalitarian culture, it may be beneficial to adopt a more informal and equal communication style.Thirdly, using universal communication techniques can help bridge the cultural divide. These techniques include active listening, clear and concise language, and the use of nonverbal cues such as eye contact and gestures to enhance understanding. By employing these techniques, individuals can improve the clarity and effectiveness of their communication, reducing the chances of misinterpretations.Finally, it is crucial to maintain an open and respectful attitude throughout cross-cultural interactions. Respecting the other party's culture, values, and communication style is essential for establishing trust and fostering positive relationships. By approaching cross-cultural communication with an attitude of curiosity and willingness to learn, individuals can overcome barriers and create meaningful connections with people from different cultures.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication is a complex and challenging aspect of globalization. Case Study 12 highlights the importance of understanding and adapting to cultural differences, as well as the role of communication styles and language barriers in cross-cultural interactions. By employing strategies such as cultural awareness, communication style adaptation, universal communication techniques, and maintaining an open and respectful attitude, individuals can overcome these challenges and improve cross-cultural communication. This, in turn, can foster better understanding and relationshipsbetween people from different cultures, promoting harmonious coexistence in a globalized world.。
Case 1: She Has Three HandsIn the following scenario, a Chinese doctor, a patient and a physiotherapist interact.A female neurologist from Beijing was working on a research project in a Toronto hospital. She shared a small office with a young Canadian male from a large family, who loved peanut butter. He was so fond of peanut butter that he kept a jar in the office. One day he came into the office and exclaimed, “Who took my peanut butter?” But the Chinese woman immediately felt accused. After all, there were only two of them in the office.She was deeply distressed, but true to her learned cultural behavior of never showing anger in public, she said nothing. Later that day she was working in a room where the physiotherapist was treating a patient who suffered paralysis of his legs and arms from a motorcycle accident. The physiotherapist moved one of the patient’s legs in a way that caused him pain.“Ouch!” he cried.“Oh, I didn’t do that,” said the physiotherapist. “It was that doctor over there,” and he pointed to the Chinese woman.“How could she have done it since she’s on the other side of the room?” the patient pointed out.“Ah, she has three hands.” the physiotherapist replied.At these words the Chinese doctor became even more upset. She was so disturbed that she behaved in a way uncharacteristic of her culture. She waited until the patient had gone, and then said to the physiotherapist, “I’m very upset by what you said.” The physiotherapist was taken aback. “What had I said?”“You said I had three hands,” the Chinese doctor finally choked. “You think I took the peanut butter.”Answer the following questions:1.How do you understand the phrase “to have three hands”? (3分)2.What caused their communication conflicts?(7分)Case 1:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the“harmonious relationship”between them.Case 2: Left in the ColdKatherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang for help. Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o’clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang’s office at the exactly ten o’clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director’s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.Answer the following questions:1.How would you explain the Director’s behavior toward Kathrine?(5分)2.How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry? (5分)Case 2:CommentThis is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time. For example, if a professor makes an appointment with a student at a certain time, it should not be interrupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are good timekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the root of Katherine’s unhappiness. Since the Director made an ten a’clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine became frustrated and angry.Case 3: Personal SpaceMark had recently moved from Denmark to Sydney to work as a salesperson for a large Australian company. After three weeks, he was invited to join a local club. During the first few weeks at the club, Mark would either stand in the corner talking with someone or sit on a sofa listening to other people talk and chat. As time went by, he came to know most of the club members and seemed to enjoy talking with them. One day, at an evening party one of the female members approached him. Mark immediately showed his interest by talking about the atmosphere of the party. At first, the conversation between them seemed to go quite smoothly, but as it progressed the lady seemed to step further and further away from Mark as he had been gradually moving closer to her. The lady obviously seemed uncomfortable. As Mark was about to ask her questions regarding Australian social customs, another man standing nearby directed a glance toward the lady. She excused herself and went to talk with that man, leaving Mark standing alone and wondering why their conversation had come to such a sudden stop.Answer the following question1. Why did that woman suddenly stop talking with Mark and turned to another man? (10分)Case 3:This is a typical case of misunderstanding caused by different perceptions abut body distance.There is a lot of evidence to show that body distance varies with different people, different circumstances, and different cultures. In Denmark, at a formal event, the intimate space is usually between 20 to 30 centimeters; while in Australia such an occasion requires a body distance of 40 to 50 centimeters. Therefore when a Dane talks with an Australian, the problem arises: the Dane is accustomed to a close distance while the Australian is comfortable with a great distance.In this case, Mark, by trying to establish his normal intimate space, infringed on the Australian lady’s space. Because of this, she felt somewhat threatened and lost her sense of comfort. At that moment, the nearby man offered her the opportunity to excuse herself from Mark. If Mark had had some knowledge about the expected personal space for Australians, the encounter might have been totally different.Case 4Li Ming, a male Chinese graduate student, studied in the United States. He shared a room with his American classmate Tony in a residence hall. At the very beginning, Li Ming found it easy and enjoyable to get along with Tony, for he was an open-minded person and sometimes he could give Li Ming quite a lot of helpful advice. But later,Li Ming felt it really hard to do the real effective communication. For example:One day Tony went into the bathroom and completely shaved his head. Li Ming easily discovered this fact when he himself visited the bathroom and saw the hair everywhere. He returned to his room and said to Tony, “You’ve shaved your head.” Tony replied, “Yeah, I did.”Li Ming waited a while, then said, I discovered you’d shaved your head when I went into the bathroom and saw the hair. “Yeah.” Tony confirmed. Li Ming was at a loss. He believed he had communicated in the strongest possible language his wish that the American would clean up the mess he’d made in the bathroom. But Li Ming was very much disappointed at his roommate Tony!Later he discussed the surprising episode with some Chinese friends who told him, “Listen, with Americans you actually have to say: Clean up the bathroom!” Li Ming believed his message had been very clear. However, he was relying on the context of the communication for the message to be understood: hair was all over the bathroom, and his roommate now was bare-headed.Questions:1. Why do you think the American student Tony failed to understand what his Chinese roommate Li Ming had wanted to say?2. Suppose the main characters in the story are two Chinese studentsor two American students, in what way will they deal with the matter?Case 7 (P30)Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。
Case analysisSituation:Suppose you were Mr.Li, CEO of Rising Sun Incoparated, facing CTO, Mr. Robinson’s resignation, and the fevered laid-off employees because of the downsizing plan, please write down a speech to present to the employees or to Mr. Robinson in solving the problem (you can choose to write a speech either to Mr. Robinson or to employee in 500 words.)According to the situation we’ve got, I chose to write a short speech to persuade the fevered laid-off employees. And before the speech, I ‘d like to show you the train of my thought which I think is important, I will persuade the employees using these methods as following:I. Persuading oneself before othersIn business communication, before persuading others, one should in the first place persuade himself. Intrapersonal communication is a process of knowing oneself, improving oneself and surpassing oneself. Others people cannot read our minds, we are the ones that must translate the things we think so that the others can understand us. So we need to take movements to think about ourselves, about your wishes and desires. Until we persuaded ourselves, we can persuade others.II. Setting personal objectiveSetting personal objectives is the core of professional success. It can help us know what we have to do now and it also can save our time. When we definitely know what we will do and what our expectation is, we can persuade others follow this way we think. But sometimes there are obviously other considerations which must be woven into the objective specification. If we can not fulling committed at this stage, we are unlikely to achieve our objective.III. Applying the power of personalityKnowing others different personality are very important for the leaders. Also we need to know our personality well. Everyone is different. There is no such thing as a right or a wrong personality. People just think and act differently in different influencing situations. If you learn more about others personality and weaknesses, you can use it in a right way to make a success in communication.IV. Say the right things in a right way (Choosing the right approach )Depend on what outcome you want, how much commitment you seek, you will choose the style most suitable and follow it through. But remember that, no matter what kind of approach you chose, you must make sure it is the best choice. It’s must fit for the situation. Saying the right things , but what are the right things, I recommended these as following:a. Boss should rehearse what they will say, and even bring notes into the meeting,so they won’t say the wrong things or forget something important,b. Refrain from talking about other employees’ situations, which could raise questions of fairness.c. Realize that they may not take in everything you say at such a tough time, so give theemployee time to react.d. It’s good to show sympathy and regret for the situation, but don’t pretend you know how they feel.V. Help the laid-off employees move onThe employer can soften employees’ pain over the job loss by helping them find their next job, especially now with the economy so bad. Present a list of possible resources for the terminated employee,such as job-placement experts or contacts at other companies hiring in your industry. Also you can give them a good reference and perhaps even reach out to acquaintance who you think may be hiring.VI. Allow for transitionIt’s also important to consider timing. The employer should allowing the laid-off employees a short time to find a new job. Don’t need to call the security escort newly laid-off employees immediately to the door. Give their some time for transition and do something you can do to coach them, help them find a new position.VII. Non-verbal skills in the communicationAs for me, I think this part is the very important. Because it is reliable and efficient. When we communicate nonverbally, we sometime do so unconsciously. We don’t mean to do this, but those acts come naturally. If we can read other people’s non-verbal messages correctly, we can interpret their underlying attitudes and intentions and respond appropriately.We need to know how to read those non-verbal messages and how to speak this language. It’s the most important e this, we can easily understand other people and express our thoughts more explicitly.Dear teacher:On my personal level, I believe those are useful in this case and I try to write my speech in those aspects. I’m not sure whether it will make sense or not, but those I think are some important points. Although there are still many intellectual points in the book, I just think they are not fit for this case. So I have picked out few of them, some points I’ve just put them on , but I didn’t write them into my speech, such as Non-verbal skills. Because I didn’t know how to combine it with the case. I’m sure this speech can not be the perfect one, I’m trying to make it more reasonable and more persuasion. If there are anything wrong in my speech ,please point it out and let me know, so I won’t make the same mistake next time. Thank you, teacher.Bibliography:周仕宝. 2011. 商务沟通技能Business Communication Fundamentals 北京:北京大学出版社叶兴国,谢文怡. 2010. 商务英语阅读教程1学生用书Business English:A Reading Course Students book 上海:上海外语教育出版社Speech:I know why you come here. I must say I’m really sorry about this decision, but I have no choice, I must do it. You didn’t know how long I spent in persuading myself before I told you this. Actually, it’s a bad news, I also didn’t want to make this decision. I believe that each of you are excellent employee, I do remembered the contributions that you have done for our company, and I know you devoted yourself to this company, you take the company as your children. To laid you off it’s also difficult for me.But you all know the business this year is not very good, we can no longer employ all of you, the financial circumstances that caused the need for layoffs. Frankly speaking, it’s not an easy decision but this was a way that needed to be made. You need to know it’s not your fault--it’s my fault--although I’ve tried to avoid the layoffs as much as I could. I know it’s hard to accept immediately , I give you time to process what’s happening and to ask your questions what you want to ask.You may think it’s your performance made your have been laid off, I have to say it’s not that case. You are doing a good job, I really appreciated what you did. According to personalities , I know you all dominant and introvert person, you listen to others opinions carefully, focus on every details thoroughly. You always be thoughtful and deliberate with what you are doing. I was satisfied with your performance and your qualification. I didn’t want to fired you but I have to listen to the board , I couldn’t decided whether you leave or not. I didn’t have the authority to do so. I tried my best to persuade them but I was failed. However, don’t doubt about your ability. No matter where you are and what job you will do in the future, I believe you can do it well. Believe yourself, what cause you have been laid-off it’s not your fault, it’s my fault.I’m really sorry to tell you that. Actually I’m regret for this situation, but I can’t pretend that I know your feeling, I’m not you. The fact is, I really know it must be a hard time for you to go through but all I can do now is try my best to help you.If you have any problems, please don’t think to much, come to me for help.If you don’t mind, I would like to give you some advice. There is a list of possible resources for you. They are all solid performers and I can help you to offer them a good recommendation, tell them your good performance here. The last parts is depend on you. Today is Tuesday, you can immediately do something about your job situation, contact a career counselor and ask for advice, it can help you to find a prospective employer.Maybe time is too short for you to settle down all the things. I will announce your departure to the colleagues few weeks later, but in the return ,I will ask you to sign a contract with some ground rules,such as you promising you won’t steal competitive information. Do you agree with it? If you really need time, I can allow you to stay on for up to a couple of months during you finding your new job. It’s the last thing I can do for you. I’m sorry. But I wish you can find a better job. Good luck.。
案例分析英语作文跨文化Cross-Cultural Communication in Business Negotiations: A Case Study.In today's interconnected world, cross-cultural communication has become an integral part of business negotiations. It is crucial for professionals to understand the nuances of cultural differences and adapt their communication strategies accordingly. This article presents a case study that illustrates the importance of cultural awareness in international business negotiations.The scenario involves a multinational company, GlobalTech, based in the United States, and a Chinese electronics manufacturer, HiTech, who are engaging in a negotiation for a joint venture. Both parties have strong business acumen and are eager to establish a successful partnership, but their cultural backgrounds pose potential challenges.In the initial stages of the negotiation, it becomes evident that the American team led by Mr. Johnson, the Vice President of GlobalTech, tends to adopt a direct and assertive communication style. They present their proposals with confidence, expecting a direct response from the Chinese counterparts. Conversely, the Chinese team led by Ms. Li, the General Manager of HiTech, prefers a more indirect and conciliatory approach. They are cautious in their responses, preferring to establish trust and rapport before discussing specific details.One significant difference arises when discussing the negotiation timeline. The American team expects a swift conclusion, emphasizing efficiency and time management. They propose a tight schedule, expecting the Chinese to agree and move forward quickly. However, the Chinese team values flexibility and prefers a gradual approach, allowing for more time to build trust and understand each other's positions. This difference in communication styles and negotiation tempos creates tension and misunderstanding.To bridge the cultural divide, both teams need to adopta flexible communication strategy. The American team can learn to appreciate the Chinese preference for gradual buildup and establish trust before delving into the details. They can adopt a more patient approach, allowing the Chinese team to feel comfortable and secure in the negotiation process. On the other hand, the Chinese teamcan benefit from adopting a more direct communication style, providing clear and concise responses to American proposals. They can also recognize the value of efficiency and time management, making concessions in the timeline to accommodate the American preferences.Moreover, both teams need to be aware of nonverbal cues and social niceties. In the Chinese culture, respect for elders and authorities is paramount. It is important forthe American team to defer to the Chinese team members who are senior in status and recognize their contributions. Similarly, the Chinese team should appreciate the American emphasis on objectivity and logic, and avoid takingpersonal offenses when presented with direct feedback or criticism.By adapting their communication strategies to accommodate cultural differences, both teams can establish a common ground and move forward with the negotiation process. They can learn to appreciate each other's perspectives and negotiate effectively, leading to a successful joint venture that benefits both parties.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication in business negotiations requires sensitivity, understanding, and flexibility. By recognizing and adapting to cultural differences, professionals can overcome communication barriers and establish successful partnerships that promote mutual growth and prosperity.。
Case Study 1 Age and Status两位同事的矛盾使一家数据处理公司的总经理遇到了麻烦。
一方是一位踌躇满志的法裔加拿大小伙子,另一方是一位有特许签证的年长的中国女性,而此前两人确实很好的合作伙伴…..Case description:A manager in a data-processing company was having difficulty dealing with a conflict between a young, ambitious French Canadian male and his co-worker, an older Chinese woman who was on a special visa from China. She had recently become uncooperative and had made it clear to the manager that she would not be willing to travel to the capital with her co-worker to hold discussion with legislators about a new product with great enthusiasm.When the manager asked her what the problem was, he received no clear explanation. When he asked her co-worker, the young man had no insights to offer. The young French Canadian was clearly annoyed, however, that the Chinese woman was refusing to share her data with him. That meant he couldn’t make the presentation to the legislators because she had all the key data on her computer disks.The manager repeated questions to her but her “problem” go t nowhere. So he changed his approach.He began explaining his concerns, as manger and as spokesperson for the company, about the upcoming meeting with legislators. His explanation about his position was unemotional. In that climate she then felt she could explain her position. She revealed she felt that that as an older, and to her mind, more senior person, she should not be sent to the capitol with a younger employee who would do the presentation of material she had worked hard to develop. That would diminish her status, she felt. The general manger knew the root of his headache.Questions:1.What do you think caused the conflict?2. What would you do to resolve the conflict if you were the general manager?矛盾冲突这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热情和精力开发产品.却在最后的关键时刻拒绝与年轻的同事一同去向议员做推介:当经理和同事问其原因.她并未做任何明确的回答:而当经理改变策略,不再直接询问原因,而是迂回地讲起自己的困境时,她才道出自己的顾虑。
跨文化案例12分析英语作文English: In the case of a cross-cultural communication mishap at a multinational company, it is important to analyze the root cause of the misunderstanding, which in this case was a misinterpretation of nonverbal cues. The American manager assumed that a lack of eye contact and direct communication indicated a lack of respect from the Japanese employees, while in reality, it was a sign of respect in Japanese culture. This misinterpretation led to tension and a breakdown in communication between the two groups. To address this issue, the company should provide cultural sensitivity training to employees, emphasizing the importance of understanding nonverbal communication across different cultures. Additionally, creating an open dialogue where employees feel comfortable expressing their cultural differences and asking questions can help to bridge the gap and prevent future misunderstandings.中文翻译: 在一家跨国公司发生的跨文化沟通失误案例中,重要的是分析导致误解的根本原因,而在这种情况下,是对非言语提示的错误解读。
跨文化英语案例分析万能模板
White Dress 女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼, 如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. 文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化, 但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文, 但他们通常是理所当然的, 从不问为什么。
Case 4 (P18)
Coconut-skating 椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. W e can tell from the case that
culture is pervasive and it‘s learned. 案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点。
我们可以告诉从案件, 文化是普遍的, 这是学习。
People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.人们可能发明东西甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。
菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地。
Case 7 (P30)
Clean up the Bathroom! 清理浴室!:Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。
The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not
express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you. 中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段, 他的话, 但是美国学生用来直接的交流方式。
这是由文化决定的。
在中国文化中, 人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人, 所以他们不会直接表达自己的想法。
然而, 在美国, 除非你清楚地表达自己, 别人不能直接理解你。
Case 8 (P34)
She Has Three Hands 她有三个指针:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. W estern people usually communicate directly with each other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人。
在西方文化中, 沟通是传播方式的想法。
西方的人们通常直接彼此通信。
That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators.
Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the “harmonious relationship”between them.这就是为什么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事。
虽然中国文化强调和谐, 强调了沟通者之间的关系。
中国人民视图通信作为一个过程, 各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系。
所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们。