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新能源专业英语1。
Put the following phrase into English.Unit 11。
温室效应the greenhouse effect2。
可再生能源renewable energy3.太阳能电池solar cell4。
风力发电系统wind turbine system5。
核能nuclear energy6。
海洋能ocean energyUnit 21.辐射度 irradiance2。
负载 load3。
耐候性weather fastness4.光电效应photoelectric effect5.光生伏打效应photovoltaic effectUnit 31。
风电场wind farm2.装机容量installed capacity3.涡轮机turbine4.水泵water pumping5.风光互补wind and photovoltaic hybrid power6。
大学物理英语教材Unit 1: Introduction to PhysicsPhysics is a fundamental science that explores the laws governing the natural world. By studying physics, we can gain a deeper understanding of how the universe works. This unit serves as an introduction to the subject and provides a foundation for further exploration.Section 1: Basic Concepts1.1 Matter and EnergyIn this section, we learn about the concepts of matter and energy. Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space, while energy is the ability to do work. We explore the different forms of energy and their interconversion.1.2 Units and MeasurementsAccurate measurement is essential in physics. Here, we discuss the various units and measurement systems used in physics, such as SI units. We also learn about significant figures and how to perform calculations using them.Section 2: Mechanics2.1 Motion and ForcesThis section delves into the principles of motion and forces. We examine concepts such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration, as well as thevarious types and effects of forces. Newton's laws of motion are also introduced in this section.2.2 Energy and WorkUnderstanding the relationship between energy and work is crucial. We learn about different forms of energy, such as kinetic and potential energy, and how they are related to work. The principle of conservation of energy is also discussed.Section 3: Waves and Optics3.1 Wave PropertiesWaves are an integral part of physics. We explore the characteristics and properties of waves, including wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. This section covers different types of waves, such as sound waves and electromagnetic waves.3.2 OpticsOptics focuses on the behavior of light and its interaction with matter. Topics covered include reflection, refraction, and the formation of images by mirrors and lenses. We also learn about the basics of geometric optics.Unit 2: Electricity and MagnetismElectricity and magnetism are closely related phenomena that have a significant impact on our daily lives. This unit introduces the principles and applications of these concepts.Section 1: Electric Charge and Electric Field1.1 Electric ChargeHere, we learn about the fundamental property of matter known as electric charge. We explore the behavior of charged objects and the principles of electrostatics, including Coulomb's law.1.2 Electric FieldThe concept of an electric field is crucial for understanding how charges interact. We study the properties and behavior of electric fields, including how they are formed and their effects on charged particles.Section 2: Electric Circuits2.1 Current and ResistanceCurrent is the flow of electric charge, and resistance measures the opposition to this flow. We delve into the principles of current, resistance, and Ohm's law, which relates these quantities.2.2 Circuits and Circuit ElementsThis section focuses on electrical circuits and the various components that make them up. We learn about series and parallel circuits, as well as resistors, capacitors, and inductors.Section 3: Magnetism and Electromagnetism3.1 Magnetic FieldsMagnetic fields are responsible for the behavior of magnets and their interaction with other objects. We study the properties and behavior of magnetic fields, including their effects on moving charges.3.2 Electromagnetic InductionThe principle of electromagnetic induction is crucial for understanding the generation of electric currents. We explore Faraday's law and how changing magnetic fields can induce currents in conductors.Unit 3: Modern PhysicsModern physics revolutionized our understanding of the universe, particularly at the atomic and subatomic levels. This unit introduces the key concepts and discoveries of modern physics.Section 1: Quantum Mechanics1.1 Wave-Particle DualityThe wave-particle duality of matter and light is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. We explore the behavior of particles and waves at the quantum level, including the famous double-slit experiment.1.2 Quantum States and Energy LevelsQuantum systems have discrete energy levels. Here, we learn about quantum states, wavefunctions, and the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. We also discuss the Schrödinger equation.Section 2: Particle Physics2.1 Subatomic ParticlesThis section focuses on the properties and classifications of subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. We also introduce the concept of fundamental particles and their interactions.2.2 Nuclear ReactionsNuclear reactions involve changes in atomic nuclei and release tremendous amounts of energy. We study the principles behind nuclear reactions, including radioactive decay and nuclear fusion.ConclusionThe study of physics is essential for understanding the fundamental laws that govern our universe. This English textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject, covering topics ranging from classical mechanics to modern physics. By studying this textbook and engaging with the content, students can develop a deep appreciation for the beauty and complexity of the natural world.。
nuclear energy 阅读理解阅读理解文章标题：Nuclear Energy（核能）Nuclear energy has been a controversial topic for decades. On one hand, it provides a source of clean, sustainable energy that can help mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change. On the other hand, the use of nuclear energy is associated with safety concerns and the disposal of radioactive waste. In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of nuclear energy and its potential role in meeting the world's energy needs in the future.Pros of Nuclear Energy1. Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Nuclear energy does not produce any greenhouse gas emissions during operation. It emits no carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases, making it a clean alternative to fossil fuels like coal and oil. This helps reduce the overall carbon footprint of the energy sector and contributes to the fight against climate change.2. Sustainable Energy: Nuclear energy is a sustainable source of energy that can be used to power civilization for long periods of time. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite resources, nuclear energy derives from the natural process of radioactive decay and can be used to generate electricity without depleting natural resources.3. Energy Security: Nuclear energy can provide a secure source of energy for countries that are dependent on imported fossil fuels. Developing countries with limited access to fossil fuels can use nuclear energy to meet their growing energy needs and achieve economic development.Cons of Nuclear Energy1. Safety Concerns: The operation of nuclear reactors requires extreme caution and rigorous safety measures to prevent accidents and mitigate the impact of any potential meltdown or radiation leak. Accidents like the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan have raised concerns about the safety of nuclear energy and the potential impact on human health and the environment.2. Radioactive Waste: The production of nuclear energy generates radioactive waste that must be safely stored and disposed of for longperiods of time. The long-term storage and disposal of radioactive waste is a challenging problem that requires careful management and monitoring to prevent any potential environmental contamination or health risks.3. Cost and Infrastructure: The construction and operation of nuclear reactors require significant capital investment and infrastructure development. Nuclear energy is also more complex and expensive to operate compared to other renewable sources like solar and wind energy.The Future of Nuclear EnergyDespite its pros and cons, nuclear energy may have a role in meeting the world's future energy needs. Technologies are continuously improving to make nuclear reactors safer, more efficient, and less expensive to operate. Additionally, the development of advanced reactors using thorium or other alternative fuel sources could reduce the environmental impact and improve the sustainability of nuclear energy.In conclusion, nuclear energy is a complex topic that requires careful consideration of its pros and cons. While it has the potential to provide clean, sustainable, and secure energy, its use also carries safety risks and environmental challenges that must be addressed. As we strive to achieve global sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to continue researching and developing nuclear energy technologies while also investing in other renewable energy sources that can help meet our future energy needs.。
Day03知识点：观点点评与新旧观点辨析讲解经典例题Passage 109 （观点点评/ 难度-难/短篇文章）According to Hill and Spicer, the term “nation-state” is a misnomer, since the ideal model of a monolingual, culturally homogeneous state has never existed, not even among Europeans, who invented the nation-state concept and introduced it to the rest of the world. Modern European states, they argue, emerged after the Renaissance through the rise of nations (i.e., specific ethnic groups) to positions of political and economic dominance over a number of other ethnic groups within the bounded political territories. The term “nation-state”, Hill and Spicer argue, obscures the internal cultural and linguistic diversity of states that could more accurately be called “conquest states.” The resurgence of multiple ethnic groups within a single state, Hill says, is not “potentially threating to the sovereign jurisdiction of the state,” as Urban and Sherzer suggest; rather, the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.1. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. discuss issues relating to a form of political organization by raising doubts about the terminology used to refer to itB. trace changes in a form of political organization by examining the evolution of theC. justify the continued use of an established term for an evolving form of political organizationD. question the accuracy of a new term for a form of political organizationE. compare two terms for a form of political organizationDay03观点点评与新旧观点练习与讲解Passage 7 观点点评/文学评论/ 难Among many historians a belief persists that Cotton Mather’s biographies of some of the settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (published 1702) are exercises in hagiography, endowing their subjects with saintly piety at the expense of historical accuracy. Yet modern studies have profited both from the breadth of information that Mather provides in, for example, his discussions of colonial medicineand from his critical observations of such leading figures as Governor John Winthrop. Mather’s wry humoras demonstrated by his detailed descriptions of events such as Winthrop’s efforts to prevent wood-stealingis overlooked by those charging Mather with presenting his subjects as extremely pious. The charge also obscures Mather’s concern with the settler’s material, not just spiritual, prosperity. Further, this pejorative view underrates the biographies value as chronicles: Mather amassed all sorts of published and unpublished documents as sources, and his selection of key events shows a marked sensitivity to the nature of the colony’s development.1. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. argue against a theory universally accepted by historical researchersB. call attention to an unusual approach to documenting a historical eraC. summarize research on a specific historical figureD. counter a particular view about the work of a biographerE. point out subtle differences among controversial historical reportsPassage 142 观点论证／自然科学地质／难Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earth’s core and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shaped Earth’s surface. This leaves a loose end in current geological theory. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the addition of energy through the bombardment of Earth’s surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaw’s revolutionary “open-system” view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamics, whereas modern plate tectonic theory, like the classical geology developed during the nineteenth century, is founded on the view that Earth’s geological features have changed through gradual, regular processes intrinsic to Earth, without reference to unique catastrophic events. Classical geology borrowed a decisive, if unspoken, premise from Newton—the independence of Earth’s processes from any astronomical context.1. The author’s primary purpose is toA. identify the influences informing a particular geological theory about the processes that have shaped Earth’s surfaceB. identify differences between two views of the extraterrestrial impactors and argue that the phenomenon has influenced the development of plate tectonic theoryC. argue that an explanation is based on a dubious evidence and propose an alternative explanationD. discuss an explanation and place that explanation under theoretical contextE. suggest that apparent discrepancy poses a serious problem for a particular theory that many have believed。
高中精华双语文章：年轻的科学——地震预测5.12 大地震，日本3.11大地震......一次又一次的巨大灾难给人类带来了毁灭性地破坏，带走了多少人的生命。
为了减小破坏，挽救人们的生命，科学家们正在致力于地震预测的研究。
那么，地震真的可以预测吗？地震预测，虽是一门年轻的科学，科学家已经取得了一些成果。
相信未来地震发生时，我们已经做好了抵御灾难的充分准备。
The Young Science--Earthquake Prediction年轻的科学--地震预测Can earthquakes be predicted? Scientists are working on programs to predict where and when an earthquake will occur. They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that lives can be saved.地震可以预报吗？科学家们正致力于研究预报何时何地会发生地震的计划，他们希望开发一种早期报警系统用来预报地震，以挽救人们的生命。
Earthquakes are the most dangerous and deadly or all natural events. They occur in many parts of the world. Giant earthquakes have been recorded in Iran, China, Guatemala, Chile, India, and Alaska. Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded took place in China and Alaska. These earthquakes measured about 8.5 on the Richter Scale. The Richter Scale was devised by Charles Richter in 1935, and compares the energy level of earthquakes. An earthquake that measures a 2 on the scale can be felt but causes little damage. One that measures 4.5 on the scale can cause slight damage, and an earthquake that has a reading of over 7 can cause major damage. It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. Scientists want to be able to predict those earthquakes that have a reading of over 4 on the Richter Scale.地震是自然灾害中最危险的最致命的，发生在世界许多地方。
新能源专业英语基础课文翻译新能源专业英语新能源专业英语新能源专业英语新能源专业英语１。
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Reading passage 3This is the third section of your IELTS Academic Reading test. You should spend about twenty minutes on it. Read the passage and answer questions 27-40.Helium’s future up in the airA) In recent years we have all been exposed to dire media reports concerning the impending demise of global coal and oil reserves, but the depletion of another key non-renewable resource continues without receiving much press at all. Helium – an inert, odourless, monatomic element known to lay people as the substance that makes balloons float and voices squeak when inhaled – could be gone from this planet within a generation.B) Helium itself is not rare; there is actually a plentiful supply of it in the cosmos. In fact,24 per cent of our galaxy’s elemental ma ss consists of helium, which makes it the second most abundant element in our universe. Because of its lightness, however, most helium vanished from our own planet many years ago. Consequently, only a miniscule proportion – 0.00052%, to be exact – remains in earth’s atmosphere. Helium is the by-product of millennia of radioactive decay from the elements thorium and uranium. The helium is mostly trapped in subterranean natural gas bunkers and commercially extracted through a method known as fractional distillation.C) The loss of helium on Earth would affect society greatly. Defying the perception of it as a novelty substance for parties and gimmicks, the element actually has many vital applications in society. Probably the most well known commercial usage is in airships and blimps (non-flammable helium replaced hydrogen as the lifting gas du jour after the Hindenburg catastrophe in 1932, during which an airship burst into flames and crashed to the ground killing some passengers and crew). But helium is also instrumental in deep-sea diving, where it is blended with nitrogen to mitigate the dangers of inhaling ordinary air under high pressure; as a cleaning agent for rocket engines; and, in its most prevalent use, as a coolant for superconducting magnets in hospital MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanners.D) The possibility of losing helium forever poses the threat of a real crisis because its unique qualities are extraordinarily difficult, if not impossible to duplicate (certainly, no biosynthetic ersatz product is close to approaching the point of feasibility for helium, even as similar developments continue apace for oil and coal). Helium is even cheerfully derided as a “loner” element since it does not adhere to other molecules like its cousin, hydrogen. According to Dr. Lee Sobotka, helium is the “most noble of gases, meaning it’s very stable and non-reactive for the most part … it has a closed electronic configuration, a very tightly bound atom. It is this coveting of its own electrons that prevents comb ination with other elements’. Another important attribute is helium’s unique boiling point, which is lower than that for any other element. The worsening global shortage could render millions of dollars of high-value, life-saving equipmenttotally useless. The dwindling supplies have already resulted in the postponement of research and development projects in physics laboratories and manufacturing plants around the world. There is an enormous supply and demand imbalance partly brought about by the expansion of high-tech manufacturing in Asia.E) The source of the problem is the Helium Privatisation Act (HPA), an American law passed in 1996 that requires the U.S. National Helium Reserve to liquidate its helium assets by 2015 regardless of the market price. Although intended to settle the original cost of the reserve by a U.S. Congress ignorant of its ramifications, the result of this fire sale is that global helium prices are so artificially deflated that few can be bothered recycling the substance or using it judiciously. Deflated values also mean that natural gas extractors see no reason to capture helium. Much is lost in the process of extraction. As Sobotka notes: "[t]he government had the good vision to store helium, and the question now is: Will the corporations have the vision to capture it when extracting natural gas, and consumers the wisdom to recycle? This takes long-term vision because present market forces are not sufficient to compel prudent practice”. For Nobel-prize laureate Robert Richardson, the U.S. government must be prevailed upon to repeal its privatisation policy as the country supplies over 80 per cent of global helium, mostly from the National Helium Reserve. For Richardson, a twenty- to fifty-fold increase in prices would provide incentives to recycle.F) A number of steps need to be taken in order to avert a costly predicament in the coming decades. Firstly, all existing supplies of helium ought to be conserved and released only by permit, with medical uses receiving precedence over other commercial or recreational demands. Secondly, conservation should be obligatory and enforced by a regulatory agency. At the moment some users, such as hospitals, tend to recycle diligently while others, such as NASA, squander massive amounts of helium. Lastly, research into alternatives to helium must begin in earnest.Questions 27–31Reading passage 3 has six paragraphs, A–F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Questions 32–35Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading passage 3? Answer Yes, No or Not given to questions 32-35.Questions 36–40Complete the summary below.Choose no more than two words from the passage for each answer.。
