6_POWER8学习提纲201506

蓝色巨人出手不凡：Power8详细解读在斯坦福大学举行的Hot Chip 25届半导体大会上，IBM宣布了新一代服务器处理器“Power8”，规格强大得令人瞠目结舌，堪称蓝色巨人实力的最佳体现。

接下来我们通过一组官方幻灯片，详细看看这个怪物。

IBM Power系列进化图：基本上每三年推出全新的一代，除了去年的过渡版Power7+。

无论架构、工艺、核心数量、多线程能力、缓存容量、内存带宽、峰值I/O，每次都会有巨大的进步。

对比九年前的Power4，如今核心数量6倍、多线程能力4倍、片上缓存50多倍、片外缓存3.5倍、内存带宽15倍、峰值I/O 16倍。

Power8采用了最先进的IBM 22nm SOI工艺制造(AMD跪求)，核心面积达650平方毫米，但未透露集体晶体管数量。

核心数量达12个，而且每个核心都支持八线程，总线程因此多达96个。

架构方面，它采用了8分派、10发射、16流水线的设计，并增强了预取能力。

缓存拥有一级数据64KB、一级指令32KB、二级4MB(每核心512KB)、三级96MB eDRAM(所有核心共享)、片外四级最大128MB eDRAM。

双通道内存控制器，带宽最大230GB/s。

Power8整合了多种加速器，包括加密、内存扩展、事务性内存、VMM(虚拟机管理器)助手、数据转移和虚拟机移动性，总线方面则支持PCI-E 3.0、SMP互联CAPI(一致性加速处理器接口)。

电源管理方面有片上功耗管理微控制器、每核心整合VRM、关键路径监视器等等，但是具体功耗没有披露。

核心构成分布图：除了刚才提到的作为对比，这是Power7的核心分布。

缓存支持NUCA(非对称缓存架构)，带宽和延迟很灵活，而每个缓存区块的单向互联带宽高达150GB/s。

带宽：假设频率为4GHz(这是惟一一次提到频率规格但强调说实际产品会不一样)，那么二三级缓存的总带宽会分别有4TB/s、2TB/s。

内存管理：支持最多8个通道、32个DDR端口、1TB容量。

走近Power8 -芯片技术详解POWER8 处理器使用IBM 22纳米绝缘硅(SOI)技术。

每个处理器芯片649平方毫米,包含42亿个晶体管。

如图所示，芯片包含12核心,两个内存控制器，PCIe Gen3的I/O控制器和一个芯片内互联系统连接所有组件。

在不同系统中，会配置6、8、10或12核处理器到服务器。

每个处理器核心都有512 KB的L2高速缓存，所有处理器核心共享96 MB的L3嵌入式DRAM(eDRAM)。

互联系统还通过处理器模块和主板连接其他扩展处理器DDR3内存以及虚拟I/O设备。

POWER8系统使用内存缓存芯片处理POWER8处理器与DDR3 DDR4内存间的数据交换。

同时每个内存芯片还包括一个L4缓存来减少本地内存访问延迟。

POWER8处理器为企业提供的单CPU插槽服务器和多CPU插槽企业服务器。

采用SMP架构提供优越的扩展属性。

Multiple-scope一致性协议减少SMP链接操消耗的带宽。

IBM SMP架构高效的支持处理器核心的扩展。

多个处理器核心之间没有区别，平等地访问内存、外设、一个操作系统。

操作系统管理着一个队列，每个处理器依次处理队列中的进程。

如果两个处理器同时请求访问一个资源（例如同一段内存地址），由硬件、软件的锁机制去解决资源争用问题。

在AIX中，每个处理器依据其物理位置，依次标记为：proc0，proc1，…不同处理器在正常运行的时候没有区别，但是在机器启动的时候，通常由proc0控制引导过程，如果必要，也可以控制系统内核从其他的处理器引导系统。

POWER8处理器的增强功能:•POWER8内存控制器支持DDR3芯片和DDR4内存内存缓冲区，提升内存交换效率•每个内存板CDIMM提供16 MB L4缓存芯片，降低了本地访问内存的内存延迟，L4缓存的对POWER8处理器上运行的应用程序完全透明。

每个POWER8处理器最大支持128 MB的L4缓存。

•支持硬件事务内存。

MicroStation PowerCAD V8 培训提纲安装 (2)基础 (2)鼠标的使用 (5)视窗的控制工具 (7)视图属性和保存视图 (8)属性工具栏 (9)介绍基本工具栏 (10)介绍标准工具框 (13)基本绘图 (15)捕捉工具 (17)设计文件 (19)优选项 (21)精确绘图和智能线 (23)颜色、线型和测量 (26)修改工具框 (28)图案化工具框 (30)操作工具框 (30)元素选择工具和强力选择工具 (31)尺寸设置 (33)标注的编辑与修改 (34)围栅工具 (36)单元 (36)参考文件 (38)文本以及的查找、替换 (39)关于字体 (40)打开DWG文件 (41)设计历史 (41)MicroStation PowerCAD V8 培训提纲安装MicroStation PowerCAD V8支持的操作系统包括Microsoft Windows NT® 4 (建议安装SP6)、Windows 98 (Windows Me for Home Use)、Windows® 2000、Windows® XP；所要求的硬件条件为Intel® Pentium®-based or AMD AthlonTM-based PC or workstation。

其默认按安装路径为\Program File\Bentley，或以前安装的MicroStation路径。

软件安装需要约200MB的硬盘空间，建议内存为128MB以取得满意的效果。

基础MicroStation PowerCAD 管理器进入MicroStation PowerCAD ，首先会看到MicroStation PowerCAD 管理器。

MicroStation PowerCAD更新了其Open对话框，在文件类型中增加了名为CAD Files的类型，它包括DGN、DWG、DXF三种文件格式。

We created this comprehensive guide to help you find the right learning and training offerings to accomplish your goals with Microsoft Power Platform and Dynamics 365. 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开关电源基本知识（营销部学习资料）【课程内容】：1.电力系统简介2.交换式电源（以下简称SMPS）之简介3.SMPS常用之架构4.常见之规格内容及名词解释5.SMPS的设计流程简介6.SMPS 制造流程7.SMPS 测试设备8.与电源供应器相关的名词解释9.电子零件专有名词翻译1.电力系统简介：1.1.电能分类：1.1.1.直流电（DC）：上课时，口述解释。

1.1.2.交流电（AC）：上课时，口述解释。

1.2.市电说明：由发电机产出的电力，一般称为市电。

（日常生活中，电力公司为市电的供货商）市电供应以交流电（AC）为主，市电的交流电规格依各国家不同而有所分别，例如：(a).美国、加拿大与台湾：其市电规格为115Vac/60Hz。

(b).日本：其市电规格为100Vac/60Hz。

(c).英国、澳洲等前大英国协之国家：其市电规格为240Vac/50Hz。

(d).其它如欧洲共同市场、中国大陆等：其市电规格为230Vac/50Hz。

(e).环球通用规格（Universal Input）：为了要满足全世界各国的市电需求，我们定义出一个适用于全世界界的市电规格，其范围如下：●电压规格：90Vac～264Vac●频率规格：47Hz～63Hz依此环球通用规格所设计出来的产品，可以于全世界各国使用，不会受限于各国市电的电压与频率的差异。

2.SMPS之简介：2.1.SMPS之用途：所有使用到电的产品，都需要电源供应器；以日常生活为例：2.1.1.在家里,看书时，打开电子式日光灯或电子式台灯；刷牙时，充电式电动牙刷之充电器；用电磁炉或微波炉加热早餐；出门搭电梯下楼。

2.1.2.进入办公室时，放眼望去每一种需插电的事务机器，计算机与接口设备、电话、传真、网络设备等等。

2.1.3.进到工厂时，放眼望去，SMD设备，自动插件机，量测仪器等等。

可说需用到电的产品，就是SMPS的可能用途。

一般而言，各产品的规格要求会随着用途，有极大的设计与成本差异。

PowerPCB浓缩版培训教程PowerPCB是一款专业的PCB设计软件，被广泛应用于电子行业中。

为了方便初学者学习和掌握PowerPCB软件，德国Cadence Global公司推出了PowerPCB浓缩版培训教程，帮助使用者快速上手，掌握PowerPCB软件的技巧，这里我将为大家介绍这个培训教程。

一、PowerPCB浓缩版培训教程简介PowerPCB浓缩版培训教程分为基础篇和进阶篇两部分，共涉及10章内容。

基础篇主要介绍PowerPCB软件基本操作，包括环境配置、基本设置、图形界面、工程管理、库文件管理、元器件的选择和布局等；进阶篇主要介绍高端特色功能的应用，包括分层管理、规则设置、信号完整性分析、高速走线等。

PowerPCB浓缩版培训教程具有以下特点：1、内容丰富：涵盖了pcb设计的基本知识和PowerPCB软件的各种应用技巧，覆盖面广，涉及面宽。

2、知识系统：教程内容以体系化的方式呈现，使学生能够更好地掌握知识体系的基本框架。

3、工具实践：教程配有大量的演示视频和实例图片，能够让学生迅速掌握PowerPCB软件的使用技巧。

4、培训考核：教程还提供了丰富的练习材料和真实项目案例，能够帮助学生更好地掌握PowerPCB软件的使用技巧，同时也提供一定的考核机制，让学生更好地评估自己学习的成果。

二、PowerPCB浓缩版培训教程章节简介1、环境配置和基本设置：介绍PowerPCB软件的环境配置和基本设置，涵盖了User Preferences、Layer Stack Manager、Design Setup等常用工具的使用方法。

2、图形界面和工程管理：介绍了PowerPCB软件的核心界面和菜单栏，包括主界面、编辑区、导航区等，还介绍了多文档界面、多进程技术等PowerPCB软件特色功能，向学生讲解如何进行工程组织和管理。

3、库文件管理和元器件选择：介绍了PowerPCB软件的库文件管理和元器件选择的相关内容，包含如何创建元器件库、如何管理元器件、如何进行元器件选择等。

PowerBASIC入门教程(第二部分)第二章：PowerBASIC的基本语法1.PowerBASIC中的基本数据类型2.PowerBASIC中的变量和常量a)PowerBASIC的变量b)PowerBASIC的常量3.变量和常量的作用域a)定义全局变量和常量b)定义函数和过程的变量和常量c)使用不同作用域的变量和常量4.PowerBASIC中的操作符和表达式a)算术操作符和表达式b)字符串操作符c)关系操作符d)逻辑操作符e)操作符的优先级5.PowerBASIC中的控制结构a)条件语句b)分支语句c)跳转语句d)循环语句6.PowerBASIC的示例代码PowerBASIC中的基本数据类型PowerBASIC中的变量和常量a)PowerBASIC的变量在程序执行过程中，需要将数据存储在内存中，以便进行计算，这些存储数据的内存位置称为变量，每个变量都有一个：1.名称–变量包含的用于引用值的单词2.数据类型–确定变量可以存储的数据类型变量可以不断地创建和清除，在定义它们的程序结束后，它们便不再包含任何值，并且可以在不同的时期保持不同的值。

在PB中，使用DIM语句声明变量，同时要提供一个变量名：DIM Variablename AS TYPE例如，要将变量num1声明为Integer，PowerBASIC中的声明应如下所示：Dim num1 AS Intger要给变量赋值，可以使用赋值操作符“=”，例如，要给变量strVB赋值PowerBASIC，可以编写以下语句：Dim strVB AS STRINGstrVB = “PowerBASIC”b)PowerBASIC的常量常量也可以用于存储值，在程序执行过程中，这些值恒定不变。

PowerBASIC中许多内置常量，也可以创建自己的常量，在程序中定义了常量之后，便不能使用赋值语句更改或修改常量的值，如果试图这样做，运行程序时将出现错误。

通常，常量用于代替一些经常被使用的常数，常量常被用作转换因子。