英语语法直接引语与间接引语的基本概念
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:324.35 KB
- 文档页数:3
直接引语和间接引语一.概念理解:直接引用别人所说的话叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
二.直接引语变为间接引语的特点:①不用逗号/冒号/感叹号/引号②要考虑人称和时态变化③要考虑时间、地点状语和指示代词变化.三.变化特点a. 若主句谓语动词是现在时,直接引语变成间接引语不用调整时态。
直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去将来时不变过去进行时不变过去完成时不变将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时注意:当直接引语表示客观真理时,变为间接引语时态不变。
b. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。
直接引语间接引语指示代词this / these that / those时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaythe day before yesterdaylast weekagothree days agotomorrowthe day after tomorrownext weekso farin two daysthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforetwo days beforethe week beforebeforethree days beforethe next / following daytwo days laterthe next / following weekby thenafter two days地点状语Here there方向性动词come / bring go / take情态动词can, may, must could, might, had to注意:即时转述,从句中的时间、地点不用变化;过后转述,而且时间、地点都发生了变化,间接引语中的时间和地点都要随之变化。
c. 直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项(基本规则同于宾语从句部分):1.陈述句变为间接引语时,宾语从句的引导词用that(可省略)引导。
直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念直接引语和间接引语是叙述人们说话的两种方法。
直接引语指说话人直接引用别人的原话。
这样重复的话语要放在引号内,且在原话前加逗号,引号内每个句子的第一个单词的首字母必须大写。
例如:He asked, “Where did you go?” 他问:“你到哪里去了?”间接引语是指说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
间接引语在多数情况下是变成宾语从句,即和主句一起构成一个含宾语从句的主从复合句,不用引号。
例如:She said (that) those books were hers. 她说那些书是她的。
二、直接引语转间接引语直接引语在转换成间接引语时,要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化直接引语在转换成间接引语时,人称的变化规则是:一随主,二随宾,三不变。
1) 一随主:即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时,在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。
例如:Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说:“我来自美国。
”→T om says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。
(I变成了和主语Tom 相一致的he)2) 二随宾:即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时,在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。
例如:She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我:“你住在哪里?”→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。
(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)3)三不变:即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时,在间接引语中保持不变。
例如:Kate sa id,” They like reading.” 凯特说:“他们喜欢阅读。
”→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。
英语什么是直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ “标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。
一、如何变人称;下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。
二随宾,第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称,如:He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。
"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态:直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。
如:1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。
高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语含练习题直接引语与间接引语一.基本概念1、直接引语:一字不改地引述别人的话He said,“I am a student.”(带引号)2.间接引语:用说话人自己的话转述别人的话 He said he was a student.二.直接引语变间接引语(一)(人称变换规则同下)1.如果直接引语所在的句中的谓语动词是现在时或将来时态,改为间接引语时,时态不变.Eg.He says “I didn’t go to school today.”He says that he didn’t go to school that day .2.如果直接引语讲述的是客观真理现象,改为间接引语时,其一般现在时不变. Eg.The teacher said ,“The earth is round .”The teacher said that the earth is round .三.直接引语变间接引语(二)1.如果说话时间与引述时间不同,即引述某人过去说过的话,则动词时态要作相应的变化即动词时态一律向过去推移一步.(主句为过去式时)2.变换规则(指的是间接引语中的从句部分)(1)人称的变化 ------ 一随主,二随宾,三不变(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1〉指示代词的变化this---- that these----those2〉时间状语的变化now---- then,ago---- before,today----that day,yesterday----the daybefore,tomorrow----the next day,the day before yesterday----two daysbefore,the day after tomorrow----two days later,nextweek/month,etc.---- the next week/month,/doc/2a17542514.html,stweek/month,etc.---- the week/month before3〉地点状语的变化here----there4〉动词的变化come----go(3)时态的变化1〉一般现在时-------一般过去时2〉现在进行时-------过去进行时3〉现在完成时-------过去完成时4〉一般过去时-------过去完成时5〉过去完成时-------过去完成时6〉一般将来时-------过去将来时四.变换类型1.直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句,用that引导(口语中可以省略).e.g.直接引语:The teacher told the students,“I will give you a surprise.”间接引语:The teacher told the students that she would give them asurprise.2.直接引语为疑问句(1)直接引语为一般疑问句时,由whether或if引导,用陈述句的语序e.g.直接引语:He said to us,“Are you going away today?”间接引语:He asked us whether/if we were going away that day.直接引语为疑问句(2)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词,其后用陈述语序e.g.直接引语:She asked,“Who will help me finish the job?”间接引语:She asked who would help her finish the job.e.g.直接引语:He asked,“What have you done?”间接引语:He asked what I had done.直接引语为疑问句(3)直接引语为选择疑问句,变为间接引语时应用whether…or…e.g.直接引语:“Do you like tea or coffee?” she asked me.间接引语:She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee.3.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式.它的否定是在to前加not.它没有时态的变化.其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同.e.g.直接引语:I said to her,“Please give me a glass of wa ter.”间接引语:I asked her to give me a glass of water.直接引语:He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”间接引语:He told the boys not to make so much noise.4.直接引语为感叹句直接引语若是感叹句,变为间接引语时多采用宾语从句结构,即可用what或how 引导,也可用that引导e.g.直接引语:“What a clever boy you are!”,my teacher said to him.间接引语:My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.英语小题集练——直接引语和间接引语1、— Could you tell me ______?—Yes. It’s next to the supermarket.A.where the post office isB.where was the post officeC.where is the post officeD.where the post office was2、My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.”My brother said watching TV .A.he, was, now B.I, was, thenC.I, am, that day D.he, was, then3、—Do you know____________?—It’s about ten minutes’ walk.A.how many minutes do you walk to the nearest hospital B.which is the way to the nearest hospitalC.how long did you reach the nearest hospitalD.how far it is to the nearest hospital from here4、-- Do you know ________ the new computer yesterday? -- Sorry, I have no idea.A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for5、Jenny is on holiday now. I wonder ________.A.when she will come back B.when she came backC.when will she come back D.when did she come back6、Would you please tell me ______ this book?A.where you bought B.where did you buyC.where you buy D.where do you buy7、— Could you tell me_____ ?— About half an hour.A.how long it takes to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolB.how long it took to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolC.how far was it to walk to the Science and TechnologyMuseum from schoolD.how far it was to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from school.8、I ______ that he’s a hardw orking teacherA.never doubt B.always doubt C.seldom ask D.often wonder答案1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、直接引语和间接引语专项练习一、把下列的句子变成间接引语:1. “I’m leaving for London next week.” My sister said to me.2. John said, “Mr. Smith has come here.”3. She said, “Do you want me to help you?”4. “Does the man in the shop find his wallet at last?” She said.5. Mum said to the newcomer, “Can you speak English?”6. “How many people are there in your family?” He asked the boy.7. He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”8. Kitty said “I’ll call again after supper this evening.”9. S he said, “I will come here again tonight.”10. He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.”11. She said , “My sister will be back tomorrow morning.”12. “Who lives next door?” she asked.13. He said , “I have lost my umbrella.”14. Paul said, “I’m trying to get a taxi.”15. “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said.16. He asked me, “Are you a teacher or a student?”二、把下列句子变成直接引语:23. Father asked me who had broken the window.24. She asked me which one I liked the best.25. He asked whether I had watched TV the night before.26. Jim asked me if I was busy that day.27. Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.三、扩展练习:宾语从句。
直接引语和间接引语1.直接引语和间接引语概述:(一)直接引语和的定义:直接引用人家的原话,被引用的部分称为直接引语。
用自己的话把他人的原话表达出来,被转述的部分称为间接引语。
例如:He said:“I am going to see a football match.”(直接引语)He said that he was going to see a football match. (间接引语)(二)直接引语的构成:①直接引语要用引号与句子的其他部分分开。
②直接引语对于原话不做任何变动,保持原来的句型结构,人称,时态和标点符号等。
③直接引语没有时态呼应的问题,不需要和句子的谓语动词保持一致。
(三)间接引语的构成:①间接引语的基础是直接引语,直接引语转化为间接引语有以下原则:1 去掉冒号和引号,用从属连词将间接引语和主句相连,构成一个主从复合句。
2 人称要做相应的调整。
3 时态调整时要注意时态的呼应。
2.直接引语转化为间接引语:①当直接引语主句的谓语动词是过去时时,其后面间接引语中的谓语动词都应该是过去时。
例如:She said:“I will go swimming tomorrow.”She said that she would go swimming the next day.Tom told me:“I went to Beijing last month.”Tom told me that he had gone to Beijing.Jack told me:“I have waited for you for a long time.”Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time.②当句子的谓语动词是现在时时,间接引语的动词时态保持不变。
例如:He says:“I want to study English.”He says that he wants to study English.③如果直接引语说的是一般真理或是永恒的事实,在变为间接引语时,仍然保持原来的时态。
重要知识点解析小学六年级中的直接间接引语直接间接引语是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,对于小学六年级的学生来说,掌握好这一知识点对于提高语言表达的准确性和流利度非常重要。
本文将对小学六年级中的直接间接引语进行解析和详细说明。
一、直接引语和间接引语的概念在开始深入了解直接间接引语之前,首先需要明确什么是直接引语,什么是间接引语。
1. 直接引语:直接引语是说话者原封不动地引用他人的话语或陈述。
直接引语通常用引号括起来,并用冒号或逗号引导。
例如:直接引语(陈述句):小明说:“我喜欢读书。
”直接引语(问句):他问:“你去过那里吗?”2. 间接引语:间接引语是说话者对别人的话进行转述或陈述。
间接引语通常需要进行修改,包括时态、人称和修辞手法等。
例如:间接引语(陈述句):小明说他喜欢读书。
间接引语(问句):他问我是否去过那里。
二、直接引语的标点使用在使用直接引语的时候,需要注意标点的使用方法。
1. 陈述句中使用直接引语时,引号的位置在陈述句中使用直接引语时,引号放在直接引语的句首和句末。
例如:小明说:“我想参加比赛。
”2. 问句中使用直接引语时,引号的位置在问句中使用直接引语时,引号放在直接引语开头的问号之前,问号放在引号之后。
例如:小红问:“你几点回家?”三、间接引语的转述方式在使用间接引语时,需要对原始句子进行适当的转述,包括时态的转换、人称的变化以及修辞手法的调整等。
1. 时态的转换当将直接引语转为间接引语时,一般需要将时态进行相应的转换。
例如:直接引语:小明说:“我正在写作业。
”间接引语:小明说他正在写作业。
2. 人称的变化当将直接引语转为间接引语时,还需要对人称进行相应的变化。
例如:直接引语:小红说:“我非常喜欢跳舞。
”间接引语:小红说她非常喜欢跳舞。
3. 修辞手法的调整有时候,为了使间接引语的表达更加准确和自然,需要对修辞手法进行相应的调整。
例如:直接引语:小明对小红说:“我会帮你的。
”间接引语:小明告诉小红他会帮她。
英语中的直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念1. 直接引语- 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话,被引用的部分通常放在引号内。
例如:He said, "I am going to the park." 在这个句子中,“I am going to the park.”就是直接引语,它原封不动地呈现了说话者所说的内容。
2. 间接引语- 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号。
例如:He said that he was going to the park. 这里“he was going to the park”就是间接引语,它是对原句“He said, 'I am going to the park.'”的转述。
二、直接引语变间接引语的变化规则1. 人称的变化- 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称(I或we),在变为间接引语时,要根据句子的意思相应地变为第三人称(he/she或they)。
- 例如:- 直接引语:I said, "I like this book."- 间接引语:I said that I liked this book.(这里因为主语都是I,人称不变,但如果是He said, "I like this book." 变为间接引语就是He said that he liked this book.)- 如果直接引语中的第二人称(you),在变为间接引语时,要根据转述者和听话者的关系变为第一人称(I/we)或第三人称(he/she/they)。
- 例如:- 直接引语:He said to me, "You are a good student."- 间接引语:He told me that I was a good student.- 直接引语:He said to her, "You should study hard."- 间接引语:He told her that she should study hard.2. 时态的变化- 一般现在时变为一般过去时。
直接引语和间接引语详解1.含义:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
直接引语——例:“What’s you name?” she asked.间接引语——例:Mary said she had already seen the film.2.将直接引语变为间接引语时要做一些相应的变化,主要有以下几种情况。
1)时态的变化一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时例:He said: “I came to help you.” →He said that he had come to help me.直接引语如果是客观真理,变间接引语时,时态不变。
例:He said: “Light travels much faster than sound.”→ He said that light travels much faster than sound.2)时间状语的变化today→that day three days ago → three days beforetonight→that night last month→the month beforethis week→that week yesterday→the day beforetomorrow→ the next day now →thennext month→the next month the day af ter tomorrow→in two days例:She said, “I went there yesterday.”→She said that she had gone there the day before.3)指示代词的变化this→that these→thoseShe said: “I will come this morning.”→She said that she would go that morning.4)地点状语的变化here→thereHe said, “My sister was here three days ago.”→He said that his sister had been there three days before.5)谓语动词的变化come →goShe said, “I will come here tomorrow.”→She said that she would go there the next day.6)人称的变化直接引语变间接引语相当于把直接引语变为宾语从句。
语法要诀直接与间接引语的区别直接引语与间接引语是语法学中两个重要的概念,它们用于引述他人的话语或思想观点。
在日常英语交流和写作中,正确运用直接引语和间接引语能够让我们的表达更加准确、清晰。
接下来,本文将就直接引语和间接引语的区别进行论述。
一、直接引语直接引语是指将他人的原话直接用引号引述出来的句子或短语。
当我们在写作中要引用别人的具体语句时,就需要使用直接引语,并用引号将其括起来。
例如:1. 直接引语的一般形式:He said, "I am tired."直接引语是原话的直接表述,用引号将其括起来,引号内的句子保持原封不动,没有进行任何改动。
2. 直接引语的时态变化:He said, "I am teaching English."当直接引语所引述的内容发生在过去,但是引述时发生在现在,我们需要根据引述的时间点来调整直接引语中的时态。
这样可以保证引述的准确性。
二、间接引语间接引语是指用自己的语言来总结、概括别人的原话或思想观点。
在间接引语中,我们不再使用引号,而是将原话转述为宾语从句或者其他的间接引语结构。
例如:1. 间接引语的一般形式:He said that he was tired.与直接引语不同,间接引语是将原话转述为一个完整的句子,并且去掉了引号,使用了连接词“that”来引导宾语从句。
2. 间接引语的时态变化:He said that he was teaching English.当间接引语所转述的内容发生在过去,我们需要根据转述时的时间点来调整间接引语中的时态。
三、直接引语与间接引语的区别直接引语和间接引语在表达上有几个重要的区别:1. 标点符号的不同:直接引语使用引号来括起来,而间接引语没有引号。
2. 转述方式的不同:直接引语是将他人的原话直接引述出来,而间接引语是用自己的话对原话进行转述。
3. 时态和人称的调整:直接引语中的时态和人称保持原封不动,而间接引语中需要根据转述时的时间点和人称进行相应的调整。
英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解引言:英语语法中,直接引语和间接引语是两种常见的引述方式。
在交流和写作中,正确使用直接引语和间接引语能够增加表达的准确性和可读性。
本文将详细介绍直接引语和间接引语的用法,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种引述方式。
一、直接引语直接引语是指直接引述他人的原话或句子,通常使用引号包裹,并在引用的句子前后使用逗号或其他标点符号进行标示。
下面是一些直接引语的例子:1. She said, "I am going to the park."2. "Can you help me with my homework?" he asked.3. "It's a beautiful day," they exclaimed happily.需要注意的是,在直接引语中,引述的内容要保持原文的准确性,不得有意省略或更改原话,同时引号的使用要准确,避免引起误解。
二、间接引语间接引语是指通过自己的话来转述他人的原话或句子,不使用引号,而是采用陈述句的语法结构。
在间接引语中,还需要注意变换动词时态和人称。
下面是一些间接引语的例子:1. She told me that she was going to the park.2. He asked if I could help him with his homework.3. They said happily that it was a beautiful day.在转述他人的原话时,要准确地传递原文的意思,避免产生歧义和误解。
此外,在使用间接引语时,还要注意一下几点:1. 当直接引语中有时态或人称变化时,需要将其调整为合适的变化形式。
例如,“I am going” 转述为“she was going”,“Can you help me?” 转述为“he asked if I could help him”。