2018届人教版高考英语复习《阅读理解》课时作业(21)含解析AKHPPn

课时作业28Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·海南省海口市第一中学月考)Should every teenager be given a vaccine(疫苗)against the effects of nicotine, and so prevent them becoming addicted to cigarettes?This controversial possibility seems likely to happen in the future, thanks to the development of a new vaccine for nicotine addiction. The vaccine was designed for people who want to quit smoking but who repeatedly relapse(复发)．But since most countries are failing to cut the number of children taking up smoking, many people will want to know whether the vaccine should be used far more widely if it proves to be effective.“The vaccine will be tested first on relapsing smokers, then on those who plan to quit, then on those who are not yet completely addicted，” says Frank V occi of the National Instit ute of Drug Abuse. “The final step would be vaccinating young people before they even try smoking, but that's a long way down the road.”John Roberts, medical director of British drug company Xenova, is very enthusiastic. “I think prevention is a huge opportunity，”he says. “If you can take away the pleasure nicotine gives, then teenagers who start smoking are more likely to stop before it becomes a habit.”80% of smokers start in their teens, with 360,000 teenagers and children in the U．S. taking up the habit per year. But would the vaccine be given to all teenagers or only a selected few? “It's hard to decide which children are most at risk of becoming smokers，” says Amanda Sandford of Action on Smoking and Health. Instead she favors education as a way of discouraging children from smoking. Nabi Biopharmaceuticals is also cautious, “It is very difficult to know what is the right age to give the vaccine to children.”There are also worries about giving the vaccine to long-term adult smokers. Willaddicted smokers simply try to beat the vaccine's antibodies(抗体)by smoking more? Gary Norwith, Nabi's clinical director, says this would be almost impossible. “You'd have to stick an entire pack of cigarettes in your mouth and smoke for hours to beat the antibodies，” he says.1．What's Roberts's attitude towards giving teens the vaccine?A．Cautious.B．Positive.C．Doubtful. D．Worried.2．What may Sanford agree with?A．Older children have the right to decide.B．Children are most at risk of becoming smokers.C．Every child should be given the vaccine.D．It's important to educate children on the danger of smoking.3．Norwith's words in the last paragraph suggest that ________.A．the vaccine is effective in helping addicted smokersB．it is hard for children to become long-term smokersC．long-term adult smokers smoke for hours every dayD．he is worried about the vaccine's long-term effects4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A．Strong effects of nicotine.B．Stop them before they start.C．More teenagers become addicted.D．Protect teenage nicotine addiction.答案与解析每个青少年都应该注射尼古丁疫苗来阻止他们吸烟上瘾吗？本文围绕这一问题展开了讨论。

课时作业19Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·重庆市一中月考)Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying.Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy.Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are a monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little.Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.Posture (姿势)．A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.Mouth.When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people willknow you're not pleased.Face.When you lie, you might put on a false face. But that expression would crack briefly, allowing displays of true emotions such as happiness, sadness, disgust(厌恶)and fear to come through.1．When someone is keeping his arms behind his back, he tries to tell you that ________.A．he is not afraid B．he is outgoingC．he is angry D．he is cool2．If you want to appear confident, you should ________.A．move your arms a lotB．cross your armsC．move your head a littleD．keep your head level3．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A．Body language, the most commonly used language.B．Body movements give away secrets of mind.C．Arms tell more than legs.D．Facial expressions tell the truth.答案与解析本文是一篇说明文。

课时作业24Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·安徽省六安市第一中学月考)A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops.Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears. ”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better onthe exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1．More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can ________.A．write more notesB．digest concepts betterC．get higher scoresD．understand lecture better2．While taking notes，laptop users tend to be ________.A．skillful B．tirelessC．thoughtful D．mindless3．The author of the passage aims to ________.A．examine the importance of long-term memoryB．stress the benefit of taking notes by handC．explain the process of taking notesD．promote the use of laptops4．The passage is likely to appear in ________.A．a finance reportB．a computer textbookC．a science magazineD．a newspaper advertisement答案与解析本文是一篇说明文。

课时作业2Ⅰ.阅读理解Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child—a bit of nostalgia(怀旧) or “blast from the past，” as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listen-and-repeat”learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words.All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3, or memorable 4, tune 5.Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr. Ludke writes, “This studyprovides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”1．The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to ________.A．recall the pastB．attract the readersC．introduce the topicD．compare the childhood with the present2．According to the passage which language doesn't share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?A．Hungarian. B．Spanish.C．Italian. D．English.3．Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.A．singing is the best way to learn a languageB．the brain probably works best when the foreign language learners sing the wordsC．a listen-repeat method is very effective for any language learnerD．Dr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree with each other4．In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?A．A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.B．A child is going to have his first music lesson.C．A student is going to learn a new English song.D．An American is going to learn some Chinese.答案与解析本文讲述的是一项关于音乐和外语学习之间关系的研究。

课时作业6Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·湖北省第四中学模拟)The Regional Director of the National Heritage Conservation Commission (国家遗产保护委员会) Kagosi Mwamulowe said the Barotse Plains is unique and it deserves to be on the list of the World Heritage Sites.Mr. Mwamulowe said the Barotse Plains deserves to be included on the World Heritage List because it has a rich cultural heritage which includes the burial sites of former kings.The Director said he hoped that the landscape would be declared as a heritage site next year in June. He also said it was important to protect Zambia's unique culture for education and entertainment.Chief Natural Heritage Officer Muyumbwa Ndiyoi said there will be a lot of benefits when the Barotse Landscape is declared a World Heritage Site because it will attract many tourists and business investments will increase.Mr. Ndiyoi said the site will also benefit young people as knowledge will be passed down from generation to generation.He was reacting to a question from Nalolo District Labour Officer Jason Ngoma who wanted to know how the people of Western Province will benefit once the Barotse Landscape is declared a World Heritage Site.And University of Zambia Lecturer Charles Namate said there is a need for the site to be included on the World Heritage List because 50 years after its independence Zambia only has one heritage site, which is the Victoria Falls.Lecturer Namate said the Barotse Landscape was facing a lot of environmental degradation (恶化), and that's why there is a need to recognize the value of its landscape and the memories of dead kings.The National Heritage Conservation Commission together with the Ministry of Chiefs and Traditional Affairs are in Western Province to hold meetings with Heads of Government Departments. The Commission also held closed-door meetings with theLitunga Lubosi Imwiko II of the Barotse Royal Establishment.1．What do we know about the Barotse Plains？A．It has royal tombs.B．It is being well protected.C．It is not far from the Victoria Falls.D．It'll be listed as a World Heritage Site soon.2．Mr. Ndiyoi believes that if the Barotse Plains is declared a World Heritage Site, ________.A．it won't benefit the people of Western ProvinceB．it will attract many foreign students and researchersC．it will contribute to the local economic developmentD．more people will start to learn about Zambia's culture3．In the text, Lecturer Namate expressed his concern about________.A．the future of the Barotse PlainsB．the development of Western ProvinceC．the development of tourism in ZambiaD．the environmental problems of the Barotse Plains4．What can we infer from the text？A．Zambia only has two World Heritage Sites.B．The Barotse Landscape has been partly destroyed.C．The Barotse Landscape issue is still being discussed.D．Young people in Zambia don't know about Barotse culture.答案与解析文章主要介绍了赞比亚申请将巴罗策平原列入世界遗产的事情。

课时作业23Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·海南中学月考)Even as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains a bit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people，” said Chris Urmson, director of Google's self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work，”Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic—we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible—but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) are the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads—the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error—and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can't drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don't own. Thecompany has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, including Delphi, Mercedes-Benz, V olkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control i f needed.Google says the cars are safe. The vehicles have sensors that “can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections，” Urmson said. “We're looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles, and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully self-driving vehicle，”Urmson said.1．According to Chris Urmson, ________.A．self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB．software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsC．self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyD．ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars2．The passage informs us that self-driving cars ________.A．have already passed necessary testsB．have been purchased by some companiesC．will be able to communicate with driversD．will probably decrease traffic jams3．The underlined word “intersections” in the last paragraph canprobably be replaced by ________.A．crossings B．buildingsC．vehicles D．accidents4．What is the best title for this passage?A．Google's Self-driving Car Graduates to City StreetsB．Google's Self-driving Car Enjoys Global PopularityC．Self-driving Car Meets New ChallengesD．Self-driving Car Avoids Human Errors答案与解析本文为科技说明文。

课时作业9Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)At 26, Jane Goodall had no college education or science training. But since childhood, she had been dreaming of working closely with animals in Africa. “All through my childhood people said you can't go to Africa. You're a girl.” Goodall said. “But my mother used to say, if you really want to, there's nothing you can't do.”In 1957, the 26-year-old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous scientist Louis Leakey, who was so impressed by her enthusiasm that he hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungle and in 1960 Leakey sent Goodall to live among chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' behavior and interactions.For three months Goodall made little progress. But she said, “I never came close to giving up.” Her breakthrough came one day when she saw a male chimpanzee stick a piece of grass into a termite (白蚁) hill, then put the grass in his mouth. Afterward she came to the hill and did the same. Pulling the grass out, she discovered dozens of termites on it. The discovery—that some animals use tools—was unknown to most scientists at the time.Goodall saw chimpanzees exhibit human-like emotions, such as jealousy and love. But she also discovered they were capable of violent attacks against each other.Goodall received her Ph.D. in the study of animal behavior at England's Cambridge University. Now she travels around the globe raising money to preserve wildlife. “I love being in the forest with the chimpanzees，”she said. “I'd much rather be there than traveling around from city to city.”1．What was Goodall's childhood dream?A．She dreamed of going to college.B．She dreamed of studying animals in Africa.C．She dreamed of becoming a famous scientist.D．She dreamed of traveling all around the world.2．What did Goodall's mother think of her dream?A．As a girl she should not go to the African jungle.B．Her dream would remain a dream unless she got the right training.C．As a girl she should stay away from violent animals.D．She could make her dream come true if she was determined.3．Goodall's most important discovery is that ________.A．some animals use toolsB．like humans animals have emotionsC．chimpanzees could attack each other violentlyD．termites are chimpanzees' favorite food4．What is Goodall doing now?A．Studying animal behavior at Cambridge University.B．Raising funds for the preservation of wildlife.C．Observing chimpanzees in African jungles.D．Working hard for a PhD degree.答案与解析文章讲述了Goodall为研究非洲野生动物黑猩猩所做的付出及其贡献。

课时作业31Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016·天津高考)Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue (疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order (按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day's work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》) , I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct atevery step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.1．People with start-up fatigue are most likely to ________.A．delay tasks B．work hardC．seek help D．accept failure2．What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A．Writing essays in strict order.B．Building up physical strength.C．Leaving out the toughest ideas.D．Dealing with the hardest task first.3．On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A．Before starting a difficult task.B．When all the solutions fail.C．If the job is rather boring.D．After finding a way out.4．According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us ________.A．ignore mental problemsB．get some nice sleepC．gain complete reliefD．find the right solution5．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Success Is Built upon FailureB．How to Handle Performance FatigueC．Getting over Fatigue: A Way to SuccessD．Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems答案与解析本文是一篇说明文。

课时作业3Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·湖南省衡阳市联考)Beaches are not only great for lying on and doing water sports, and in fact one of the best ways of enjoying them is a classic beach walk. Here at iWantSun. Co. UK, we've been searching the globe to find you the world's best and most glorious beach walks, and here's our pick of the top.The Footpath of the Gods, Amalfi Coast, ItalyThe name says it all really and you truly do feel up there to walking along this wonderful mountain coastal path, which offers some of the most striking views on the planet. The path begins at town of Bomerano to charming Positano along the UNESCO World Heritage area of the Amalfi Coast. The whole walk will take you approximately four and a half hours to complete and pass over narrow rocky paths, past sheer cliffs and shining blue bays.Sydney's Great Coastal Walk, AustraliaSydney's coastline is one of the most beautiful and diverse in the world. Here you have national parks, historic sites, steep cliffs, sparkling beaches and quiet bays all in one place. Sydney's Great Walk runs all the way from Barrenjoey in the north to Royal National Park in the south and takes an incredible seven days to complete. However, if you're not up to doing the full walk, then there are many different parts of the walk that you can do right in the city. Walking from the city's famous Bondi Beach to the sweeping curve of Bronte Beach takes just an hour, which takes in some top scenery.Great Ocean Walk, AustraliaThe Great Ocean Walk stretches 104 km along Victoria's famous Great Ocean Road, located on the southern coast of Australia, from the resort town Apollo Bay to the magnificent Twelve Apostles. The Twelve Apostles are the area's famous stone landmarks which stand out like giants from the sea. The walk passes through a range of landscapes and sights, from national parks, famous surfing spots and desertedbeaches, to wild coastlines, cascading waterfalls, lush forests, historic lighthouses and ghostly shipwrecks. Day walks and shorter three-hour walks such as the Wreck Beach Walk or the Lighthouse Cemetery and Lookout Walk can also be enjoyed.So next time when you're looking for a beach holiday don't just think about the resorts and the sand, but consider a more active sun holiday, discovering some of the best beaches in the world.1．The author intends to tell us ________.A．the world's best places for beach walksB．the wonderful beaches in the worldC．the ideal tourism resort for healthD．the beautiful beaches in Australia2．When you arrive at the Amalfi Coast ________.A．you must be fed up with the footpathB．you will be fascinated by the sceneryC．you can start walking from PositanoD．you may be trapped in narrow rocky paths3．What is the distinct characteristic of Sydney's Great Coastal Walk?A．It takes about more than five hours to complete.B．It starts from Royal National Park in the south.C．It provides visitors a variety of great landscapes.D．It really has the longest coastline in the world.4．According to the fourth paragraph we can know that ________.A．Apollo Bay is at the end of the Great Ocean WalkB．the Twelve Apostles exists below the surface of the seaC．the Wreck Beach Walk can also give visitors pleasureD．most visitors can finish the 104 km walk in three hours答案与解析本文介绍了世界上最适合海滩散步的几个地方。

课时作业18Ⅰ.阅读理解(2017·成都外国语学校高三模拟)Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. As far as I can tell, he's the first American President to have one.That's because the term “sense of humor” really wa sn't in common usage until the eighteen-sixties and seventies. In the eighteen-forties and fifties, it was called “the sense of the ridiculous”，and didn't have the positive connotations(隐含意义)that “sense of humor” has today. Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(讥笑). Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. Of course, they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well.Lincoln's humor was very different, because, for one thing, it was actually “humor”as what the word meant in hi s time. We don't make the distinction between “wit(风趣)”and “humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. It's the difference we note now when we distinguish between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. Lincoln was much more about “laughing with” than “laughing at”. And when “laughing at”，it was often himself he was teasing.In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates, when Douglas accused Lincoln of being two-faced, Lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “Honestly, if I were two-faced, would I be showing you this_one？”And, in a way, Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor.You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from Lincoln's time and not find a single smile.True, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. Yet Lincoln alone, as far as I can tell, overcame that difficulty.Interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered problem. And that was the case for Lincoln. A journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debates commented that “I could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness... that he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes and stories.”1．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that ________.A．the American President could influence the use of EnglishB．the term “sense of humor” wasn't invented until the 1860sC．what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone elseD．the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time2．The underlined words “this one” in Paragraph 4 refer to “________”．A．Lincoln's unattractive faceB．Lincoln's sense of humorC．the debate they were havingD．cruelty that went with funniness3．We rarely see people from Lincoln's time wear smile in their photos because ________.A．being humorous was considered inappropriateB．they found it quite funny to smile before cameraC．not smiling for photographs was the fashionD．photography technology then was not advanced4．What might the writer think of the journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debates?A．His comment accurately reflected his time.B．He created a false picture of Lincoln.C．He was prejudiced and self-centered.D．He was brave to point out Lincoln's weakness.答案与解析本文主要介绍了林肯的幽默。