高中英语语法:定语从句精华知识点复习
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定语从句(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词此后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词相关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有 when, where, why 等。
关系词平时有以下三个作用: A 、引导定语从句; B 、代替先行词; C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
比方:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“ who是”引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,当宾语能够省略。
① The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
②Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必定在明晨7 点到大门口会集。
③ Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
④That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2. whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,可省略。
①Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上议论的那个人。
定语从句相关知识点总结一、定语从句的概念。
1. 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
- 例如:I like the book which/that is very interesting. 其中“book”是先行词,“which/that is very interesting”是定语从句,用来修饰“book”。
二、关系代词的用法。
1. that.- 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 当先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:All that can be done has been done.(先行词是“All”,关系代词“that”在从句中作主语)- 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.(先行词“film”被最高级“the best”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语,可省略)- 当先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时,关系代词用that。
- 例如:This is the very book that I want.(先行词“book”被“the very”修饰,关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语)2. which.- 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例如:The book which/that is on the desk is mine.(“which/that”在从句中作主语);I like the book which/that you lent me.(“which/that”在从句中作宾语)- 在非限制性定语从句(从句与主句之间用逗号隔开)中,只能用which,不能用that。
高一定语从句语法归纳及练习一、语法知识归纳一、基本概念(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有:who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外,as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有:when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。
例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语)②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语)③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语)⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语)注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。
(见上例③④)(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。
高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词()后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词: 、、、、,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): (时间状语)、(原因状语)、(地点状语)可以修饰人的关系代词:, , ,可以修饰事的关系代词:, , , ,.I .() .I'd a .定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:●: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于或;指物时,相当于)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. A . (主语)2.3. ( ) . (宾语)4. ()5. ( ) .6. 's ( ) .(表语)7. () .(= .= 。
= .)●: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。
如:1. .(主语)2. () I .(宾语)●, , :: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。
译为:某人的,某物的+ 名词 + n. + (某物的)+ n. + (某人的)I . (主语)( / ) .I a .( = )A .(指人)( = )I'd a . (指物)( )关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用;表物用 )关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句定语从句---基础篇一、定语从句(一):1. 定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when、why等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句(二):1. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用that 不用which。
1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时,只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用which不用that。
总结定语从句知识点1. 定语从句的基本结构定语从句通常由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导,与所修饰的名词或代词构成一个从句。
定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/关系副词 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
例如:The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.在这个句子中,定语从句是“which/that I bought yesterday”,它修饰的是名词“book”,其中关系代词“which/that”引导引导定语从句,而谓语是“bought”,其他成分是“yesterday”。
2. 关系代词的选择在选择关系代词时,需要根据其在定语从句中的成分以及其所修饰的名词的性质来决定。
通常情况下,关系代词的选择有以下几点:(1)指人的名词一般用关系代词 who/whom/whose,指物的名词一般用which/that。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中,只能使用关系代词who/whom/whose/which,而不能使用that。
(3)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,要根据所修饰的名词是人还是物,决定使用who/which或that。
例如:The woman who/that is standing over there is my English teacher.The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. 定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词之后,形成一个完整的句子。
但在特定情况下,定语从句也可以放在被修饰的名词之前。
通常情况下,定语从句的位置有以下几点:(1)定语从句放在被修饰的名词之后时,一般不用逗号与主句分开,因为这种情况下定语从句与主句构成一个紧密结合的句子。
高中英语语法个人复习总结:定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause(介词preposition、关系代词relative pronoun、关系副词relative adverb)定语从句: 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面,定语从句可以由关系代词that、which、who(宾格whom、所有格whose)和关系副词where、when、why引导;关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,关系副词在定语从句中作状语,它们在复合句中起连接主从句的作用。
一、关系词的选用1、当先行词是人时,用关系代词who、whom、that引导定语从句,如:The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday isfrom Canada.(作从句主语,不能省略)The person (who/whom/that) you just talked to is Mr. Green.(作从句宾语,可以省略)2、当先行词是物时,用关系代词which、that引导定语从句,如:They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water.(作从句主语,不能省略)The fish (which/that) we bought were not fresh. (作从句宾语,可以省略)3、当从句主语与先行词(可以是人也可以是物)存在从属关系时,用关系代词whoseI know the boy whose article is very good.I live in a house whose windows face the south.4、当先行词是时间时,用关系副词when( = at that time)来引导I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.5、当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where( = at that place)来引导The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.6、当先行词为reason时,用关系副词why来引导,如:He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.7、先行词为地点、时间时,选用关系代词或关系副词,要看它在从句中作何种成分,如:This is the house where I lived(vi.不及物动词) last year.(在从句中作状语)This is the house which was built(vt.及物动词) last year.(在从句中作主语)Now it is autumn when we held a sports meet.(作状语)Now it is autumn which is the third season of the year.(which在定语从句中作主语应该使用关系代词which或that)二、介词的提前如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词,它所接的介词可以放在从句中相关动词的后面,也可以把它提到关系代词的前面,此时,先行词为人时介词后面用关系代词whom,先行词为物时,介词后用关系代词which,即:介词 + 关系代词(是人时用whom,是物时用which)I know the man (who/whom/that) Jim is talking to.= I know the man to whom Jim is talking.This is the room (which/that) I used to live in.= This is the room in which I used to live.三、介词的确定“介词+ 关系代词(whom、which)”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法:1、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词The man to whom I spoke is my teacher.(speak to)The west lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is abeautiful place.(be famous for)2、根据先行词来确定介词I never forgot the days durig which we lived and workedtogether.(during the days)3、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词Air,without which man can’t live,is really important.但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面,如:take care of、look for、look after等。
高考英语定语从句知识精讲一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略);who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略);whom 指人在从句中作宾语(作宾语时可以省略);whose 指人或物在从句中作定语;as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;注意:指物时,whose+名词 = the+名词+of which 或 of which + the +名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as; the same…as;注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为 all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高中英语语法定语从句一、关系带词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which主语Whom which that宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=ofthatwhich)例1:This is the detective who came from London.例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
例如: All the people that are burst into tears.(所有人都迸出眼泪。
)(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very 等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。
(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。
例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语语法:定语从句知识点在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词,用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that 和关系副词when、where、why等。
一、关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词功能有三个:1)用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
2)关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可作状语。
3)关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
1、作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。
(引导词that在句中作主语)The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。
(引导词who在句中作主语)2、作宾语在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。
(引导词that,可省略)The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。
(引导词which,可省略)3、作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩,他母亲是我们的语文老师。
注意:关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时,可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。
The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生,康先生在他的公司里工作。
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性:她有两个当解放军的儿子。
非限制性:她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。
She has two sons,三、关系代词的用法区分1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分•只能使用that的情况:(1)当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.(2)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.(3)当先行词所在句子含疑问词who,which时。
eg. Which is the book that you bought yesterday?(4)当先行词被the very, the right, the next, the only 等强调词修饰时。
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
定语从句知识点详细总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,它用来修饰名词或代词,限定其具体的内容或范围。
定语从句充当一个形容词的作用,对名词进行修饰、限定或补充说明。
二、定语从句的分类1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有:when, where, why。
关系代词用来引导修饰人或物的定语从句,关系副词专门用来引导修饰时间、地点和原因等的定语从句。
三、定语从句的引导词的选择1. 指人时可用关系代词who, whom, whose, that引导;2. 指物时可用关系代词which, that引导;3. 指人或物的地点时可用关系副词where引导;4. 指人或物的时间时可用关系副词when引导;5. 指人或物的原因时可用关系副词why引导。
四、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,作为一个整体来修饰它。
如:the man who is talking over there(正在那里说话的人)。
五、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词或代词定语从句用来对名词或代词进行修饰,起到限定或补充说明的作用。
如:The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting(你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣)。
2. 表示所属关系定语从句还可以表示所属关系,用来说明名词或代词所属的人或物。
如:The man whose car is parked over there is my friend(停在那里的那辆车的主人是我的朋友)。
3. 表示时间、地点、原因定语从句还可以用来修饰表示时间、地点、原因等的名词或代词。
如:I still rememberthe day when we first met(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天)。
六、关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法1. who, whom, whose, thatwho, whom, whose, that都可用来引导修饰人的定语从句,其中who常用作主语,whom常用作宾语,whose用来表达所属关系或修饰名词。
一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等;关系副词有 when, where, why 等。
1. 关系代词的用法that 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
which 指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
who 指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
whose 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。
2. 关系副词的用法when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
三、定语从句的分类1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用,关系紧密,一般不可缺少,否则主句的意思就不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用,关系较松散,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
四、定语从句中关系词的选择1. 先行词是人时,关系词用 who/whom/that当先行词在从句中作主语时,用 who/that。
当先行词在从句中作宾语时,用 whom/who/that(在口语或非正式文体中常用 who 代替 whom)。
2. 先行词是物时,关系词用 which/that当先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时,用 which/that。
3. 先行词是人和物时,关系词用 that4. 先行词是时间名词时,关系词用 when当先行词在从句中作时间状语时,用 when。
5. 先行词是地点名词时,关系词用 where当先行词在从句中作地点状语时,用 where。
6. 先行词是 reason 时,关系词用 why当先行词在从句中作原因状语时,用 why。
高中英语:定语从句语法总结定语从句必备知识1.定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作后置定语)2.先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词,作先行词的可以是:(1)一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题,是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为,语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
(4)一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上,我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院,这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
定语从句最全面的知识点整理定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句,用于进一步说明或限定这个名词或代词的内容。
下面是定语从句的最全面的知识点整理:1.引导词:- 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that- 关系副词:where, when, why2.关系代词的用法:- who:指人作主语或宾语- whom:指人作宾语- whose:指人或物作定语,表示所属关系- which:指物作主语或宾语- that:指人或物作主语或宾语,可省略3.关系副词的用法:- where:指地点,在定语从句中作状语- when:指时间,在定语从句中作状语- why:指原因,在定语从句中作状语4.定语从句的结构:-先行词+关系代词/关系副词+句子-关系代词/关系副词在定语从句中担任特定成分5.定语从句的位置:-定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,形成一个整体6.先行词的选择:- 指人:who, whom, whose- 指物:which, whose- 指人或物:that7.定语从句的用法和功能:-限定性定语从句:对先行词进行具体的限制和说明,不可省略,不用逗号隔开-非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行额外的补充说明,可省略,用逗号隔开8.定语从句的语法注意事项:-先行词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语等- 在定语从句中,关系代词充当宾语时,只能用 whom;关系代词充当主语时,只能用 who 或 that-当关系代词作介词的宾语时9.定语从句的省略:-当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且有前置介词时,可省略-当先行词为所有格时,关系代词可省略10.定语从句的比较级和最高级:-定语从句中修饰的先行词是比较级或最高级时,关系代词与其相应词的用法相同,也可省略。
定语从句(The Attributive Clause)一、概念:在从句中做定语。
(在复合句中修饰名词、代词)二、做题步骤:1、划分句子成分(主句、从句)2、判断从句属性(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)3、若为定语从句,找出先行词4、判断先行词是人?物?(及其在从句中所作成分——(1)主语、宾语、定语、表语----关系代词;(2)状语---关系副词)5、确定关系词。
三、关系词的分类关系代词:物:that, which人:that, who, whom, whose关系副词:when, where, why*关系词的作用:(1)代替(2)做成分(3)连接四、关系代词的用法区别(一)that和whichThat:1、既能指人,也可指2、可做主语、宾语、表语*只能用that 不能用which的情况1、先行词为everything, anything, nothing, something等不定代词时2、先行词被the only,the one等修饰时3、先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时4、先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时5、先行词既有人又有物时6、先行词本身就是which或who时7、当先行词是由what、who引导的主语从句时*只能用 which不能用that的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句时2、前边有介词时3、先行词本身是that时(二)Who、whom、whose1、who:指人,可做主语、宾语2、whom:指人,可做宾语3、whose:指人或指物,做定语(三)as引导的定语从句可做主语、宾语、表语正如。
,像。
一样1、the same ...as...和the same...that..的区别Eg.This is the same box as i bought.(同名异物)This is the same box that i bought. (同名同物)2、such。
as和such。
that的区别Eg. She is such a clever girl as everyone likes.She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her.*as 和which引导非限制性定语从句中的区别1、as:(1)既可放在主句前,也可句后,也可句中(2)某些固定搭配:as we all know...(3)正如。
定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
一、关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种(一)关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that,as等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
(定语从句修饰先行词he)The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。
(定语从句修饰先行词the chairman)2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。
(定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others)The people whom I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。
(定语从句修饰先行词the people,介词后)Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
(非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom)Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。
(在介词后面不用who)3.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。
(定语从句修饰先行词people)I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。
(定语从句修饰行词trees)4.which(1)指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.英语是一门容易学的语言。
(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)This is a folk song which is now very popular.这是目前非常流行的一首民谣(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)The river which flows through London is the Thames.流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。
(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。
(关系代词which作makes的宾语,可以省略)(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句,相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试,这使大家都感到惊讶。
(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是the driving test)Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会,真遗憾。
(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是the party)(3)which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期,在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪,在这种情况下,我们就不去北京了。
5.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语、表语(做宾语时常可省略)。
He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
(定语从句修饰先行词the man,作主语)I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。
(定语从句修饰先行词stories,作主语)The dress (that) Ann bought doesn't fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。
(定语从句修饰先行词the dress,that作宾语可省略)Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有我能为你效劳的事吗?(定语从句修饰先行词anything,that作宾语,可省略)6.as限制性定语从句中(1)先行词有the same或such引导或先行词为the same或such时,例如:It is the same (situation) as 10 years ago when I left.The village is such as it was ten years ago.(2)在so… as…或as…as…结构中,先行词前的定语被so或as修饰时,例如:She is not so happy a man as you think.I have never seen as beautiful flowers as you have.非限制性定语从句中(1)先行词是主句中的形容词,而且作表语或宾语补足语时,例如:Lucy is lovely, as is my daughter.I considered her answer right, as in fact it was.(2)先行词为主句中的不定式短语时,例如:To shut your eyes to fact, as some often do, is foolish.It’s wrong to consider English useless, as many students did before.(3)先行词为整个句子,可用as或引which导,常用逗号分开,可置于句首、句中或句末,但在句首或句中间时只能用as来引导,例如:David, as you all know, is a great painter. (定语从句插在中间)As is known to us all, we should be equal before laws. (定语从句插在中间)China is a large country, as/which is known to us all. (定语从句插在中间)(二)关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词主要有where(=in +which), when(on +which), why(for+which),how。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中做状语。
Mary forgot the days when she spent with her students.Mary忘记了和学生一起的日子。
This is the place where I am looking forward visiting these years.这就是这些年我想去的地方。
Is this the reason why you leave school early?这就是你提前离开学校的原因吗?(三)判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词的方法:1. 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面没有宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
判断下列句子的对错(×)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(×)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(√)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(√)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。
此两题错在关系词的误用上。
2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案:例1 D,例2 A例1变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.注意:当先行词是way时,除了in which,还可以用that来引导定语从句。
that还经常省略。