超声波测距仪的设计毕业论文
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- -可修编- 摘要
随着社会的开展，传统的测距方法在很多场合已无法满足人们的需求，例如在井深，液位，管道长度等场合，传统的测距方法根本无法完成测量的任务。还有在很多要XX时测距的情况下，传统的测距方法也很难完成测量的任务。于是，一种新的测距方法诞生了——非接触测距。超声波可用于非接触测量，具有不受光、电磁波以及粉尘等外界因素的干扰的优点，是利用计算超声波在被测物体和超声波探头之间的传输来测量距离的，对被测目标无损害。而且超声波传播速度在相当大范围内与频率无关。超声波的这些独特优点越来越受到人们的重视。
目前对于超声波准确测距的需求也越来越大，如油库和水箱液面的准确测量和控制，物体内气孔大小的检测和机械内部损伤的检测等。在机械制造，电子冶金，航海，宇航，石油化工，交通等工业领域也有广泛地应用。此外，在材料科学，医学，生物科学等领域中也占具重要地位。
随着计算机技术、自动化技术和工业机器人的不断开展和广泛应用，测距问题显得越来越重要。目前常用的测距方式主要有雷达测距、红外测距、激光测距和超声测距4种。与其他测距方法相比拟，超声测距具有下面的优点：
〔1〕超声波对色彩和光照度不敏感，可用于识别透明及漫反射性差的物体(如玻璃、抛光体)。
〔2〕超声波对外界光线和电磁场不敏感，可用于黑暗、有灰尘或烟雾、电磁干扰强、有毒等恶劣环境中。
〔3〕超声波传感器构造简单、体积小、费用低、技术难度小、信息处理简单- -
- -可修编- 可靠、易于小型化和集成化。因此，超声波作为一种测距识别手段，已越来越引起人们的重视。
关键词：超声波；测距；电子电路 - -
- -可修编- Abstract
With the development of society, the traditional ranging method on many
occasions has failed to meet the demands of the people, for example in the
well depth, liquid level, pipe length and so on, the traditional ranging method
can't finish the task of measurement. And in many requirements under the
condition of the real-time location, the traditional method is also difficult to
perform a plete measurement range of tasks. These unique advantages of
ultrasonic more and more attention by people.
At present the demand for ultrasonic accurate location is more and more
big, such as oil terminal and the liquid surface water tank precise measurement
and control, the object of the stomata size in testing and mechanical internal
damage detection, etc. transportation and other industrial areas also have
widely application. In addition, in material science, medicine, biological
sciences and also accounted for a important position in.
Along with the puter technology, automation technology and the
development of industrial robots and the widespread application, location
problem is being more and more importantpared with other ranging method,
ultrasonic ranging has the following advantages:
(1) to light and color ultrasonic not sensitive, can be used to identify
transparent and diffuse sexual difference of objects (such as glass, polishing
body).
(2) ultrasonic outside light and the electromagnetic fields to not sensitive,
and can be used in the dark, dust or smoke, electromagnetic interference is
strong, such as toxic bad environment.
(3) ultrasonic sensor simple structure, small volume, low cost, technical
difficulties small, information processing, simple and reliable easy to
miniaturization and integration. Performance optimization; Performance - -
- -可修编- simulation; Automatic exchange optical network
Key Words:Ultrasonic；ranging；electronic circuit - -
- . -word资料- 目录
第1章 绪论 .............................................................................. 1
1.1课题背景及设计意义1
1.2 本课题研究的主要内容 ..................................................... 3
第2章 系统方案论证4
2.1 超声波测距仪的设计原理 .................................................. 4
2.2 超声波测距技术选型 ........................................................ 4
2.3 控制器选型 ................................................................... 6
2.3.1 单片机选型8
2.3.2 AT89S51主要性能参数及功能9
2.4 超声波发生器选型 .......................................................... 9
2.5 超声波接收传感器选型 .................................................... 10
2.6 显示单元选型 ............................................................... 11
2.7 语音播报电路选型 ......................................................... 11
2.8 温度传感器的选型 ......................................................... 12
第3章 系统的硬件构造设计 ......................................................... 13
3.1 单片机最小系统 ............................................................ 13
3.2 超声波发射电路 ............................................................ 14
3.3 超声波检测接收电路 ....................................................... 16
3.4 显示单元电路 ............................................................... 18
3.5 语音播报电路 ............................................................... 20 - -
- . -word资料- 3.6 电源电路设计 ............................................................... 21
第4章 系统的软件设计 ............................................................... 23
