2018届高考英语总复习真题研练1牛津译林版讲解

Task 1：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money，and time.__1__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1．Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？__2__2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？__3__ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3．__4__ This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.__5__ and don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A．Try new things.B．Ability is easily improved.C．Make three or four instead.D．Understand your food better.E．Cooking is a burden for many people.F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，就如何在紧张的时间里做一顿好饭给出了一些建议。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·天津，C)One day when I was 12，my mother gave me an order：I was to walk to the public library，and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.In the library，I found my way into the “Children's Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle，the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer，but one morning，he was gone，given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title，Amos，the Beagle w ith a Plan.Unknowingly，I had read the title.Without opening the book，I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush，I started to read about Amos.I read very，very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly，I got the main idea of the story about a dog who，like mine，had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog，and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story，my mind continued the final scene of reunion，on and on，until my own lost dog and I were，in my mind，running together.My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something：I had read a book，and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般的) experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had readthousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己成功的经历来说明读书可以矫正阅读困难的毛病。

2018届高考英语总复习真题研练18 牛津译林版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018届高考英语总复习真题研练18 牛津译林版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018届高考英语总复习真题研练18 牛津译林版的全部内容。

真题研练18Task 1:阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

（2014·新课标全国Ⅱ,B）Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot“greener”toward the environment。

“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，”says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA．But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass.roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times,”says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day。

真题研练76Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2016·全国Ⅱ，D)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first­rate photo­journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegian­built three­master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well­researched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchant­navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。

真题研练53Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·陕西，D)Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental_involvement，including volunteering at school and observing a child's class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time，fed，dressed and ready to learn.Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that were consistently negative was parents' help with homework.” Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but they're still offering advice.”Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian­American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach，conveyi ng to their children how success at school could improve their lives.”【语篇解读】最近的一项研究表明，父母帮助孩子做作业以及其他形式的参与会使孩子的成绩下降。

2018版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained课时训练牛津译林版必修2编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained课时训练牛津译林版必修2）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Unit 1 T ales of the unexplained课时训练牛津译林版必修2的全部内容。

Unit 1 Tales of the unexplainedⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．People have long ________（puzzle) over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks。

（2015·四川，阅读E）2．As an old teacher he ________ （witness) the great changes that have taken place in the school in the past thirty years.3．There is no ________ （possible) that he’ll fall in love with K ate.4．Now it ________ （occur) to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck。

Task 1：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2016 北·京 )A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in Nome ，Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month，Dr.Welch__1__ a sick boy，Billy ，and knew hehad diphtheria， a deadly infectious(传染的 )disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be __2__ if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicineas soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.__3 ，the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away，in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The town's __4__ was already full of ice，so it couldn't come by ship.Cars and horses couldn't travel on the __5__ roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didn't exist yet.__6__January 26， Billy and three other children had died.Twenty more were __7__.Nome's town officials came up with a(n) __8__.They would have the medicine sent by __9__ from Anchorage to Nenana.From there，dogsled(狗拉雪橇 )drivers—known as “mushers”would—__10__ it to Nome in a relay(接力 )．The race began on January 27.The first musher， Shannon， picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.__11__ he handed the medicine to the next musher，Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31，a musher named Seppala had to __12__ a frozen body of water called Norton Sound.It was the most __13__ part of the journey.Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened， Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would__14__，and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point， huge piles of snow blocked his __15__.He had to leave the trail(雪橇痕迹 )to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to __16__ the trail again.The only hope was Balto ，Kaasen's lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground，__17__ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on thetrail.If Balto failed ， it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passedby.Suddenly，Balto began to __18__.He had found the trail.At 5 ： 30 am on February 2，Kaasen and his dogs __19__in Nome.Withinminutes， Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recovered.Nome had been __20__.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。

Week 11 WednesdayTask 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·福建，A)Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations，but the 2，000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes，roll a complete cheese along a 50－metre course.On the way，they must not kick or throw their cheese，or go into their competitors’lane(赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly，but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones)．All the competitors are served with beer or port wine，the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque，New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia，the Caribbean and China，but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn，your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate－covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one thing’s for sure—if you don’t like the feeling of a burning tongue，this festival isn’t for you!La Tomatina—The World’s Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August，the Spanish town of Buñol hostsLa Tomatina—the world’s largest food fight.A week－long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week’s events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight－starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.The battle lasts little more than half an hour，in which time around 50，000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves，runs，or fights back.Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much－needed wash!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·北京，C)Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen，a scientist in biology，says，“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they're eating it，or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through? It's trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light，at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don't see it—you see the things behind it.To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments，so its tissues won't absorb light.According to Johnsen，avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials—skin，fat，and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fightscattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large，clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge，because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they're doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear：for these larger animals，staying transparent is an active process.When they die，they turn a non-transparent milky white.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科技说明文，文章解释了生活在海洋里的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·天津，A)University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms：electric blankets，hair dryers，personal computers，radios，televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include：candles，ceiling fans，fireworks，waterbeds，sun lamps and wireless routers.Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination(组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in.Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.The fee is 25 to change a room combination.Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use.With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food，students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.Students who are found with pets，whether visiting or owned by the student，are subject to an initial fine of 100and a continuing fine of 50 a day per pet.Students receive written notice when thefine goes into effect.If，one week from the date of written notice，the pet is not removed，the student is referred to the Student Court.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University.Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am.Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of 25.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要谈论的是学生宿舍管理的一些具体要求及违犯规定所受的惩罚等。

Week 5 MondayTask 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2016·浙江，B)Below are the search results from a university library’s Arraydatabase.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了图书馆网页上一些书本的信息。

1．Suppose you are doing research on children’s relationship skills，you may want to read ________．A．Circle Time for Young ChildrenB．Children with School Problems：A Physician’s ManualC．Education and Disadvantaged Children and Young PeopleD．Build It，Make It，Do It，Play It！Guides for Children and Teens 答案 A [细节理解题。

根据Circle Time for Young Children部分的句子As a basis for teaching relationship skills，可知这本书和孩子的社交技巧有关，故选A。

]2．Which book would you recommend to someone interested in children’s mental images?A．Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood.B．Songs in Their Heads：Music and Its Meaning in Children’s Lives.C．Big Ideas for Little Kids: Teaching Philosophy Through Children’s Literature.D．Young Children as Artists：Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1.。

2018届高考英语总复习真题研练80 牛津译林版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018届高考英语总复习真题研练80 牛津译林版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018届高考英语总复习真题研练80 牛津译林版的全部内容。

真题研练80Task 1：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

（2015·天津）My fiancé（未婚夫） and I were excited about shopping for our first home。

But our funds were __1__，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory。

One agent __2__ a house in particular.Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was __3__ our range，so we declined。

But she kept urging us to have a look __4__。

We finally did and it was __5__ at first sight。

It was Our Home,small and charming,overlooking a quiet lake。

Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners,a nice elderly couple,we felt the warmth and __6__ of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us。

真题研练41Task 1：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2016·浙江，A)“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？”Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happens to be yours truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked ually，gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't.Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感)．Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feelthe urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your“juicy story”might have.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2016 ·天津， C)When John was growing up，other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always hadhim weeding the garden， carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all，he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence( 能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant ，the psychologist (心理学家 ) who made the discovery.“And becausethey felt good about themselves，others felt good about them”.Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47.Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the men's mentalhealth- scores with their boyhoodactivity-scores.Points were awarded for parttime- jobs，housework，effort in school ， and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people ，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working —at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility，independence，confidence and competence—the underpinnings(基础 )of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn't everything.As Tolstoy once said，“ One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love ，to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”【语篇解读】一项研究表明，小时候劳动的男孩长大后更容易享受快乐的生活。

Task 1：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·浙江)Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，I've watched one friend after another land high-ranking，high-paying Wall Street jobs.As executives (高级管理人员) with banks，consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporations，many are now __1__ on their way to impressive careers.By society's __2__，they seem to have it made.On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind，many had a __3__ drink at their cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with longtime roommates，and __4__ out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine __5__ a college year's monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.The thing is，a number of them have __6__ that despite their success，they aren't happy.Some __7__ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they __8__.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and __9__.However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the __10__ to which they have so quickly become __11__.People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and __12__ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they __13__ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：it's __14__.They have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款) to __15__，retirement to save for.They recognize there's something __16__ in their lives，but it's __17__ to step off the track.In a society that tends to __18__ everything in terms of dollars and cents，we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our __19__ in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs __20__ in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones weneed to consider most.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

真题研练Week 1MondayTask 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2016·江苏，B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimp s are truly selfish.Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasellocalls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科技说明文。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·湖南，A)Forget Cyclists，Pedestrians Are Real DangerWe are having a debate about this topic.Here are some letters from our readers.■Yes，many cyclists behave dangerously.Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists.But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone，quite unaware of what is going on around them.They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere.The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be，at least for the moment，in worlds of their own that are，to them，much more important than the welfare of others.—Michael Horan■I loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May29)．I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.The police do nothing.What a laugh they are!The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets，fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning.They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.—Carol Harvey■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians)，ride at speed along the pavements，and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.Other road users，including horse riders，manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?It's about time they had to be registered and insured，so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle，or cause an accident，at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.—JMLWrite to Viewpoints of the newspaper.【语篇解读】在路上谁是最大的危险。

真题研练78Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ，D)As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6,000－7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that_tradition.His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.【语篇解读】本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。

真题研练61Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·天津，B)Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way，said Cynthia Breazeal，chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework，social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example，these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year，is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions；it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store，which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans，the more it learns.But Oshbot，like other social robots，is not intended to replace workers，but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us，but with us，” said Breazeal.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是社交机器人未来的发展情况。