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2016年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题3非谓语动词和交际用语1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。
如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。
【英语】高考英语试题真题分类汇编非谓语动词一、单项选择非谓语动词1．Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.A．to use B．used C．using D．use【答案】B【解析】本题考察非谓语动词。
根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。
再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出use与主语time之间为被动，因此直接得出答案B。
句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。
2．Hearing the news, she rushed out, ________ the book ________ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A．left; lain open B．left; lay openedC．leaving; lie opened D．leaving; lying open【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。
句意：听见这个消息，她冲了出去，留在书本打开着放在桌子上，就消失在远处了。
第一空leave与she构成主动关系，使用现在分词的形式。
第二空the book与lie构成主动关系，还是使用现在分词的形式，open是形容词表示状态，lying open是宾语补足语，对the book进行补充说明。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】leave的几种用法leave除了离开之外，还有以下几种用法：一、作"留下"、"丢下"、"落下",常表示某物落在/忘在某地。
二、表示"留给"、"交给",一般与介词with或to搭配。
三、 leave作使役动词,表示"使/ 让……保持某种状态"。
① 用形容词作宾语补足语② 用不定式作宾语补足语③ 用现在分词作宾语补足语④ 用过去分词作宾语补足语⑤ 还可用名词、介词短语等作宾语补足语四、 leave的过去分词left,常用作后置定语,表示"剩下的"。
绝密★启封前选择题部分（共80分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1. —Are you sure you’re ready for the best?—_________. I’m well prepared for it.A. I’m afraid notB. No problemC. Hard to sayD. Not really【答案】B【解析】句意：—你确定你准备好考试了吗？—没问题。
我已经做好准备了。
A.恐怕不；B.没问题；C.很难说；D.不全是。
根据语境，故选B。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境的联系。
还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维。
要注意礼貌用语。
这个题目是一个对话，上下文语境非常关键。
I’m afraid not应该是委婉地拒绝；Hard to say表示说话人没有把握；Not really是一种否定回答。
2. _________ prize for the winner of the competition is _________ two-week holiday in Paris.A. The; 不填B. A; 不填C. A; theD. The; a【答案】D考点：考查冠词。
【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别，定冠词the表示特指，不定冠词a/an表示泛指；对于冠词特指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点，平时在学习中要多进行积累，仔细分析是特指还是泛指。
同时，更为重要的是要多去积累习惯表达、特殊表达，这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。
总而言之，多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。
做考查冠词的题目时语感非常重要，平时阅读的时候，注意出现冠词的地方，体会是特指还是泛指。
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持2016年高考真题情态动词及虚拟语气解析1.(2016年北京卷)31. I love the weekend,because I_____ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. wouldn’tD. shouldn’t【答案】A【解析】句义：---我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我没必要早起。
本题考查情态动词。
根据句意是说话人认为“没必要”，故选A。
2.(2016年北京卷)34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ___ me, I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B【解析】句义：---为什么你上周不告诉我你的烦恼？如果你告诉我，我本能够帮助你的。
本题考查虚拟语气。
根据第一句last week和主句could have helped判断与过去事实相反，故选B。
3.（2016年天津卷）5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t【答案】B【解析】句义：真令人恼火，我不能进入你所推荐的那个数据库。
本题考查情态动词，根据句意是说话人认为自己“不能”，故选B。
4.（2016年天津卷）15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】句义：我那时正系着安全带，如果我那时没系的话，我就会受伤了。
绝密★启封前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试题卷共12页。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是 C.1. What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party.B. Doing some exercise.C. Getting Lydia a gift.2. What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C. Get a camera.3. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop.B. Call Kate's friends.C. Stay away from Kate.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop.B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.5. What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed.B. Go out for fresh air.C. Turn on the fan.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。
第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。
答卷时，考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！第I 卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如果改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there _____________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。
1. —It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?—_____________. There were good things and bad things about them.A. It’s hard to sayB. I didn’t get itC. You must be kiddingD. Couldn’t be better【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：——这是一次很棒的旅行。
那么，你更喜欢哪个城市，巴黎还是罗马？——很难说。
它们都既有好的也有坏的东西。
A.很难说；B.我不明白；C.你一定是在开玩笑吧；D.再好不过了。
根据语境可知选A。
考点：考查交际用语。
2. The dictionary is _____________: many words have been added to the language since it was published.A. out of controlB. out of dateC. out of sightD. out of reach【答案】B考点：考查介词短语。
非谓语动词历年高考真题1．(2016·高考)To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study ________ (conduct)in Australia in 2012.2．(2016·高考)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope ________ (attend) many more in the coming years.3．(2016·高考)When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt ________ (cut)off from the world.4．(2016·高考)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do________(work)with students.5．(2016·高考)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide)within the work.6．(2016·高考)Parents should actively urge their children________ (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.7．(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.8．(2016·天津高考)I’m going to take advantage of this tour ________ (explore)the history of the castle.9．(2016·全国Ⅰ)In 1931，Addams became the first American woman________(win) the Nobel Peace Prize.10．(2016·全国Ⅰ)No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence________(suggest)that the trend is growing.11．(2016·高考)The Athletic Department is looking for students ________(help)assist staff during the Fall 2016，Winter 2016－17 and Spring 2017 semesters. 12．(2016·高考)Students ________(interest)in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective campuses. 13．(2016·高考)________ (make)it easier to get in touch with us，you’d better keepthis card at hand.14．(2016·高考) ________(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.15．(2016·高考)Newly－built wooden cottages line the street，________(turn)the old town into a dreamland.1．(2015·高考)Much time ________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.2．(2015·高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________(wonder)whether to stay or leave. 3．(2015·高考)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________(talk)over what is bothering them.4．(2015·高考)________(catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.5．(2015·高考)The park was full of people, ________(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.6．(2015·高考)If ________(accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 7．(2015·高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ________(perform)live is quite another.8．(2015·高考)________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.9．(2015·高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________(use)the sun and the stars.10．(2015·高考)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on ________ (thank)all the people who had helped in her career. 11．(2015·高考)Back from his two－year medical in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take)good care of at home.12．(2015·天津高考)________(absorb)in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.13．(2015·天津高考)________ (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.14．(2015·高考)________(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.15．(2015·高考)________ (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.16．(2015·高考)In recent years an English word “infosphere”has appeared, ________ (combine)the sense of “information”and “atmosphere”．17．(2014·高考)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________(stare) at the night sky.18．(2014·高考)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________(recognize)．19．(2014·大纲卷)Today there are more airplanes ________(carry) more people than ever before in the sky.20．(2014·高考)Children，when ________(accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.21．(2014·高考)He is thought ________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.22．(2014·高考)There’s a note pinned to the door________(say) when the shop will open again.23．(2014·天津高考)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only ________(find) it didn’t fit.24．(2014·高考)________(work) out the difficult maths problems，I have consulted Professor Russell several times.25．(2014·高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________(develop) after great effort.26．(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully________(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.27．(2014·高考)Group activities will be organized after class ________(help) children develop team spirit.28．(2014·高考)While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.29．(2014·高考)Last night，there were millions of people ________(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.30．(2014·高考)________(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.31．(2014·高考)The lecture ________(give)，a lively question－and－answer session followed.Section 6非谓语动词【高考真题演练】1．2016年高考真题1．conducted[句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。
总评：2016年全国卷II稳中有变，难度适中，全面科学的考查了学生对基础知识的掌握和语言运用的能力。
阅读理解从文体上来看，与前几年的出题思路一致：一篇广告，一篇说明文，两篇记叙文；考查内容全面，其中以细节理解的考查为主，但是推理判断题比重有所增加，主旨大意题、词义猜测题也均有涉及。
七选五重在考查上下文衔接识别。
如何识别正确的生活知识，给出一些建议，这样的话题考生得心应手，因此七选五的常规选项筛选和辨析技巧都能派上用场，良好的时间分配定能攻克此题。
完形填空全文逻辑清晰，上下文线索明了，做题过程比较符合考生所谓“顺”的预期。
偏向词汇辨析考查的明显减少。
我们不难发现，在整体故事情节比较通畅的情况下，语意辨析的难度会降低，而纯粹的词汇辨析又居于少数，因此今年该题重在考查的就是对于语篇的细致理解，并没有在故事情感线索处及近义词辨析方面过多挖坑增加区分度。
全文线索清晰，词汇考查重在语篇理解，词组搭配考查多用基础词汇。
本篇完形填空重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查上大做文章的趋势还是愈发明显的。
语法填空与短文改错与去年的试题难度基本一致。
突出了高考对于重点考点的重点考查，应该说大部分同学都能在这两个部分取得一个不错的分数，动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、名词的单数复数以及不同词性之间的词形转换仍然是我们考查的重点。
最后，从书面表达部分来看，仍然是忙碌的李华，是一篇书信作文中的邀请类作文，应该说也是未来出题的一种趋势，那就是回归到高考题的经典考法上来。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhat’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops TheatreB. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria StageD. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.B. 7.30pm－1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】2.B 细节理解题。
（英语）高考英语试题真题分类汇编非谓语动词及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”. A．being taken B．to takeC．to be taken D．taking【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：图书馆墙上的牌子上写着：“杂志不允许带出阅览室。
”be allowed to do“被允许做”。
根据句意可知，此处应使用被动式。
故C选项正确。
2．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.A．wake B．wakenC．to wake D．waking【答案】D【解析】一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，选D。
3．_______ the classroom for a whole afternoon, the monitor decided to have a rest. A．Having cleaned B．To cleanC．Cleaned D．Clean【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：整个下午打扫了教室之后，班长决定休息一下。
句中clean的动作比decided早，故用完成时；the monitor和clean是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故此处用动词-ing形式的完成时，故选A。
4．(·陕西高考)I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A．to take B．to be takenC．taking D．being taken【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
2016年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题3非谓语动词和交际用语1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。
如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。
如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。
如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3、作宾语补足语(1)动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。
如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so? （不带to的不定式）注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。
如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）(3) There +不定式。
如：We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。
如：We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(4) 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch,observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him （to）clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.4、作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。
如：Do you have anything else to say?2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。
如：I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字)I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)5. 作状语作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
(1)做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(suc h)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He came to the school to see his son.(2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3)做原因状语。
如：We were very excited to hear the news.I’m glad to see you.(4)做条件状语。
如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。
如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。
如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )7独立结构。
如：To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.二、不定式的时态和语态1、不定式的时态(1)现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.(2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
如：I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.（3）进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
如：He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。
如：He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.三、省to 的动词不定式1、情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）2、would rather, had better.3、感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略to.注意：在被动语态中to 不能省略掉。
如：I saw him dance.He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.4、使役动词let, have, make.5、由and, or 和than 连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去。
如：He wants to move toFrance and marry the girl.6、help 可带to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.7、Why don’t you…/Why not…8、but 和except 前是动词do 时，后面出现的动词用不带to 的动词不定式。
