2012年华南理工大学中外美术史考研真题

621华南理工大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：中外建筑史适用专业：建筑历史与理论共页一．建筑术语解释（每题5分，共50分）1.小式建筑2.戗脊（须绘简图辅助说明）3.月梁4.福建土楼5.祠堂6.巴西利卡（Basilica）7.古典复兴（Classicism Revival）8.威尼斯宪章（Venice Charter）9.乌托邦（Utopia）10.千鸟破风二．绘图并简析（每题10分，共40分）1. 绘制汉地佛教寺院典型平面布局的简图，并标出各部分建筑的名称2. 中国古代建筑屋顶的常见样式类型及其造型艺术手法3. 券柱式与帕拉第奥母题的比较4. 坦比埃多（tempieto）三．论述题（每题15分，共60分）1. 论述近代中国建筑传统复兴潮流的背景及其三种设计模式。

2. 从历史文献、建筑材料与技术、城市建设、重要建筑类型的特点等方面，论述中国唐代建筑发展概况。

3. 勒·柯布西耶（Le Corbusier）和弗兰克·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）都提出过关于城市的设想，请简要介绍他们的设想，并谈谈历史的发展应验了谁的预言？4. 结合具体案例的分析，介绍一位你熟悉的可归入批判地域主义行列的外国建筑师、他的设计观、代表作和对建筑学的贡献。

621华南理工大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：中外建筑史适用专业：建筑历史与理论共 2 页一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1.楼阁2.广州中山纪念堂3.罗马风建筑（Romanesque）4.光明城市二、绘制简图并作简要分析（每题10分，共40分）1.河北赵县安济桥2.山西五台山佛光寺大殿平面3.威尼斯圣·马可广场平面4.日本伊势神宫三、文言文译成白话文（10分）《重修懷聖塔寺記》……始至廣州登高遙望有特立十余丈若華表然聳出城中上銳而外圓古色蒼翠問之曰懷聖寺浮圖也既而稽其年代蓋建于唐之貞觀有古碑焉然不可讀矣得元至正碑備載為西天大聖石室之教其徒奉命至今為謹東來與教建塔者蓋此其一也……四、论述题（每题20分，共80分）1.古代干栏建筑的形式、结构特点，及其对环境的适应性。

502华南理工大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：城市规划设计(做图)适用专业：城乡规划学；风景园林(专硕)本卷满分：150分共 2 页火车站站前区规划设计基地：城际铁路通过山区某小城市，在距现有市中心以南约1公里处新建了火车站，请规划站前区。

基地毛用地面积9.75公顷（含部份道路面积）。

地势平坦，周边情况及具体尺寸见附图：基地北侧是24米干道，东侧和南侧是16米道路，南侧道路与舞阳河之间有10米宽绿化带，西侧是城际铁路的火车站（高架站台）和铁路高架桥（轨顶标高比基地高10米），铁路以西是云麓山（峰顶高出基地60米）。

规划设计内容：（1） 站前集散广场，面积1公顷以上，可根据需要设置连廊雨棚、钟楼、雕塑小品等；（2） 长途汽车客运站，用地面积0.8公顷，站房建筑2000平方米；（3） 市内公交总站，用地0.5公顷；（4） 出租车站，含可容30辆出租车的等候区；（5） 火车站接送旅客用的社会停车场，不小于120个标准小车位；（6） 商贸中心，建筑面积20000平方米，配建80个标准小汽车停车位；（7） 三星级宾馆，建筑面积15000平方米，配建60个标准小汽车停车位；（8） 必要的公共绿地，总面积不小于1公顷。

规划设计要求：（1）合理布局各项用地，根据需要设计场地内的道路；（2）合理组织各种交通流线，为旅客提供便捷舒适的换乘条件；（3）注重山水城市格局和城市门户的形象；（4）商贸中心和宾馆配建停车位采取地下停车库形式的，须在总平面图上表示出地下停车库范围和出入口车道位置；（5）建筑退让道路红线不小于3米，建筑间距符合防火规范的要求。

图纸要求：（1） 总平面图（1：1000）；（2） 空间效果图，不小于A3幅面；（3） 交通流线分析图（比例自定）；（4） 简要规划设计说明和技术经济指标。

关于试题袋中所附条形码的说明本试题袋中内附的不干胶条形码已经包含了考生个人信息，用于识别考生图纸。

870华南理工大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：语言学和英美文学基础知识适用专业：英语语言文学；外国语言学及应用语言学本卷满分：150分共7页Part OneFundamentals of Linguistics and Literature（英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学考生共答部分）I. Define the following terms in your own words (20 points)1. morpheme2. hyponymy3. language variety4. relation maxim5. metaphor6. Romanticism7. Sentimentalism8. Metaphysical poetry9. Free verse10. Lost GenerationII. Answer the following questions (30 points)1. How to classify errors in terms of their sources?2. What is the significance of Saussure’s distinguishing between langue and parole?3. Why [p, p h] are taken as allophones of the same phoneme /p/?4. What is the stream-of-consciousness novel?5. What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer?6. Why is Romanticism considered the greatest poetic movement in British literature?Part TwoTest for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics（仅供外国语言学及应用语言学考生用，英语语言文学考生不作答）I. Discuss and comment on the following topics (40 points)1. transcription of speech sounds2. inflectional morphology and differences between languages3. universal grammar and specific grammars4. the meaning of meaningII. Analyze the Language data according to the requirements (60 points)1. Explain the following sentence by way of IC-analysis (15 points):Go and ask Mr. Smith who is sitting by the window.2. Analyze the following speech event in terms of the related pragmatic theory (10points):Mary: Do you like rugby?Tony: I am a New Zealander.3. Explain the rules and principles underlying the ungrammaticality or inappropriatenessinvolved in the following sentences (20 points):a. * I’m grateful to Professor Smith for providing me food and accommodationduring my visit to Harvard University.b. * Hearing the shouting, David saw the birds flying away immediately.4. Analyze the following passage in terms of the related stylistic theory (15 points):If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?(William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, II. ix)Part ThreeTest for Students of English Language and Literature（仅供英语语言文学考生用，外国语言学及应用语言学考生不作答）I. Discuss and comment on the following topics (40 points)1. What led to the rise of American Realism?2. What are the major themes of modernist literature?3. Comment on the historical development of sonnet as a poetic form.4. Discuss the characteristics of Edgar Allan Poe’s poems.II. Analysis and appreciation (60 points)1. Please read the following excerpt from Tess of D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, and analyze it in a 200-word essay. (30 points)Chapter 35Clare performed the irrelevant act of stirring the fire: the intelligence had not even yet got to the bottom of him. After stirring the embers he rose to his feet: all the force of her disclosure had imparted itself now. His face had withered. In the strenuousness of his concentration he treaded fitfully on the floor. He could not, by any contrivance, think closely enough; that was the meaning of his vague movement. When he spoke it was in the most inadequate, commonplace voice of the many varied tones she had heard from him.“Tess!”“Yes, dearest.”“Am I to believe this? From your manner I am to take it as true. O you cannot be out of your mind! You ought to be! Yet you are not. … My wife, my Tess ─ nothing in you warrants such a supposition as that?”“I am not out of mind,” she said.“And yet —” He looked vacantly at her, to resume with dazed senses: “Why didn’t you tell me before? Ah, yes ─you would have told me —in a way; but I hindered you.I remember!”These, and other of his words, were nothing but the perfunctory babble of the surface while the depths remained paralyzed. He turned away, and bent over a chair. Tess followed him to the middle of the room where he was, and stood there staring at him with eyes that did not weep. Presently she slid down upon her knees beside his foot, and from this position she crouched in a heap.“In the name of our love, forgive me!” she whispered with a dry mouth. “I have forgiven you for the same!”And, as he did not answer she said again;“Forgive me as you are forgiven! I forgive you, Angel.”“You, — yes, you do.”“But you do not forgive me?”“O Tess, forgiveness does not apply to the case. You were one person: now you are another. My God — how can forgiveness meet such a grotesque — prestidigitation as that!”He paused, contemplating this definition; then suddenly broke into horrible laughter — as unnatural and ghastly as a laugh in hell.“Don’t — don’t! It kills me quite, that!” she shrieked. “O have mercy upon me — have mercy!”He did not answer; and, sickly white, she jumped up. “Angel, Angel? What do you mean by that laugh?” she cried out. “Do you know — what this is to me?”He shook his head.“I have been hoping, longing, praying, to make you happy! I have thought what joy it will be to do it, what an unworthy wife I shall be if I do not! That’s what I have felt, Angel?”“I know that.”“I thought, Angel, that you loved me — me, my very self! If it is I you do love, O how can it be that you look and speak so? It frightens me! Having begun to love you, I love you for ever — in all changes, in all disgraces, because you are yourself. I ask no more. Then how can you, O my own husband, stop loving me?”“I repeat, the woman I have been loving is not you.”“But who?”“Another woman in your shape.”…“Angel,” she said suddenly in her natural tones, the insane dry voice of terror having left her now. “Angel, am I too wicked for you and me to live together?”“I have not been able to think what we can do.”“I shan’t ask you to let me live with you, Angel; because I have no right to. I shall not write to mother and sisters to say we be married, as I said I would do. And I shan’t finish the good-hussif’ I cut out and meant to make while we were in lodgings.”“Shan’t you?”“No, I shan’t do anything, unless you order me to. And if you go away from me I shall not follow’ee; and if you never speak to me any more I shall not ask why, unless you tell me I may.”“And if I do order you to do anything?”“I will obey you, like your wretched slave, even if it is to lie down and die.”…But she went on pleading in her distraction; and perhaps said things that would have been better left to silence. “Angel, Angel: I was a child — a child when it happened! I knew nothing of men.”“You were more sinned against than sinning, that I admit.”“Then will you not forgive me?”“I do forgive you. But forgiveness is not all.”“And love me?”To this question he did not answer.“O Angel — my mother says that it sometimes happens so — she knows several cases when they were worse than I, and the husband has not minded it much — has got over it, at least. And yet the woman has not loved him as I do you.”“Don’t, Tess; don’t argue. Different societies different manners. You almost make me say you are an unapprehending peasant woman, who have never been initiated into the proportions of social things. You don’t know what you say.”“I am only a peasant by position, not by nature!”…“During the interval of the cottager’s going and coming she had said to her husband, “I don’t see how I can help being the cause of much misery to you all your life. The river is down there: I can put an end to myself in it. I am not afraid.”“I don’t wish to add murder to my other follies,” he said.“I will leave something to show that I did it myself — on account of my shame. They will not blame you then.”“Don’t speak so absurdly — I wish not to hear it. It is nonsense to have such thoughts in this kind of case, which is rather one for satirical laughter than for tragedy. You don’t in the least understand the quality of the mishap. It would be viewed in the light of a joke by nine-tenths of the world, if it were known. Please oblige me by returning to the house and going to bed.”“I will,” said she dutifully.…Having nothing more to fear, having scarce anything to hope, for that he would relent there seemed no promise whatever, she lay down dully. When sorrow ceases to be speculative sleep sees her opportunity. Among so many happier moods which forbid repose this was a mood which welcomed it, and in a few minutes the lonely Tess forgot existence, surrounded by the aromatic stillness of the chamber that had once, possibly, been the bride-chamber of her own ancestry.Later on that night Clare also retraced his steps to the house. Entering softly to thesitting-room he obtained a light, and with the manner of one who had considered his course he spread his rugs upon the old horse-hair sofa which stood there, and roughly shaped it to a sleeping-couch. Before lying down he crept shoeless upstairs, and listened at the door of her apartment. Her measured breathing told that she was sleeping profoundly.“Thank God!” murmured Clare; and yet he was conscious of a pang of bitterness at the thought — approximately true, thought not wholly so — that having shifted the burden of her life to his shoulders she was now reposing without care.…The check was sufficient. He resumed his retreat and descended.His air remained calm and cold, his small compressed mouth indexing his powers of self-control; his face wearing still that terribly sterile expression which had spread thereon since her disclosure. It was the face of a man who was no longer passion’s slave, yet who found no advantage in his enfranchisement. He was simply regarding the harrowing contingencies of human experience, the unexpectedness of things. Nothing so pure, so sweet, so virginal as Tess had seemed possible all the long while that he had adored her, up to an hour ago; butThe little less, and what worlds away!He argued erroneously when he said to himself that her heart was not indexed in the honest freshness of her face; but Tess had no advocate to set him right. Could it be possible he continued that eyes which as they gazed never expressed any divergence from what the tongue was telling, were yet ever seeing another world behind her ostensible one, discordant and contrasting.He reclined on his couch in the sitting-room, and extinguished the light. The night came in, and took up its place there, unconcerned and indifferent; the night which had already swallowed up his happiness, and was now digesting it listlessly; and was ready to swallow up the happiness of a thousand other people with as little disturbance or change of mien.2. The following is a poem written by Alfred Tennyson. Write an analytic essay on it in about 250 words. (30 points)Break, break, break,On thy cold gray stones, O sea!And I would that my tongue could utterThe thoughts that arise in me.O, well for the fisherman’s boy,That he shouts with his sister at play!O, well for the sailor lad,That he sings in his boat on the bay!And the stately ships go onTo their haven under the hill;But for touch of a vanish’d handAnd the sound of a voice that is still!Break, break, break,At the foot of thy crags, O Sea!But the tender grace of the day that is dead Will never come back to me.。

2012年全国美术联考大集会录入: 一：内蒙古2012年美术联考专业考试题目素描：男青年写生色彩：一个陶罐，一个白盘子，一把水果刀，三个苹果，一个梨，一个牛奶杯，两块布(一蓝一白)，三片面包速写：男青年写生(一站姿，一坐姿)二：2012年浙江美术联考考题素描：默写，四分之三侧面，戴眼镜的男青年。

速写：照片，动态，两个人打篮球，其中一人是姚明。

色彩：默写，鲜花一束，花瓶一个，苹果若干，冷色调衬布两块，画面中可添加任意物品若干。

三：2012年山东美术联考考题素描：2012年山东美术统考素描考试是给出了考生一幅图画，画上有医药箱、手电筒、瓷碗、山楂等物品。

色彩：要求考生画一桶花生油、萝卜等物品。

四：2012年四川美术学院四川考点设计类考题素描：头像写生色彩：在试卷同一面内完成成一副绿色调、紫色调色彩静物画、一个白色花瓶，三个梨，两个苹果，一个辣椒，一块深色布，一块浅色布。

8K设计：钉锤，夹钳，剪刀，螺丝钉，放大镜，用以上物体组成一副黑白装饰画。

五：2012年湖北美术联考考题色彩：题目是户外水果篮形式：模拟写生，有照片内容：三个橙子、三个香蕉，五个山楂，一把葡萄，一瓶矿泉水，半个哈密瓜，芭蕉树公路为背景，构图不限素描：模拟写生，静物照片内容：双耳深色陶罐，两个苹果，一个鸡蛋，黑灰色衬布。

速写：两个打篮球的运动员，有照片六：2012年安徽美术联考考题素描：戴眼镜的女青年写生色彩：一个深色的陶罐，一个白盘子，一棵大白菜，两个西红柿，三个青椒，蓝色、白色两块垫布。

速写：写生(两个)坐着的女青年，右手拿着一支笔，搭在右腿上，左手放在右手手腕上，左脚向后;一个站着的女青年，右脚踩在凳子上，右手系鞋带。

七：辽宁2012年美术统考考试题目色彩: 可口可乐，两个梨，五个橘子，一个白衬布素描：男青年写生速写：坐着，手搭在凳子上，腿稍微劈开，头向左看八：2012年黑龙江美术联考考题色彩：一个酱油瓶、三个枣、两个尖椒、一个茄子、一个白菜、一个白盘子、白盘子里必须放两个西红柿和一个青椒、一个白布、浅黄布。

337华南理工大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：设计理论适用专业：工业设计工程(专硕)；设计学本卷满分：150分共页一、 单项选择题：（每题2分，共18分）1.在洗衣机的设计中，以下哪种方法能更有效地促进环境保护？(A) 更多地使用金属部件取代塑料部件(B) 在制造过程使用可再生材料(C) 减少水与能源的消耗(D) 引导人们减少清洁剂的使用2.市场细分是为了：(A) 产品能准确定位于不同的消费者群体（B）企业测试制造需求（C）消费者可以获得更多选择（D）消费者可以选择合适价格的产品3.以下对可持续发展设计最适当的描述是：(A) 符合当前与未来的发展需要(B) 压缩当前的发展需求以保证未来的需求(C) 企业提高竞争力的手段(D) 关注当前的发展目标4. 以下哪项方法对创新产品获得商业化成功来说最为重要?(A) 大量广告投入(B) 正确定义用户需求(C) 产品具有创造性(D) 使用人们易于接受的新技术5. 一家美国企业要针对中国儿童开发新产品，首先需要做的是：(A) 聘请中国本土设计师（B）将设计人员派驻中国(C) 研究中国儿童的生活方式(D) 发展跨文化的设计概念6. 在设计概念产生的早期阶段，最有效的交流手段是：(A) 工程图纸(B) 功能模型(C) 设计效果图(D) 设计草图7. 评价一张平面招贴设计时，重点应考虑：(A) 版式、图形、色彩、字体是否美观(B) 信息是否有效地传达给目标受众(C) 是否节省印刷成本(D) 是否包含丰富的信息量8.以下哪组是形态学中对形态进行分类的恰当描述：(A)统一形态和变异形态(B)抽象形态和具象形态(C)几何形态和人工形态(D)自然形态和仿生形态9.为产品选择材料时，设计师应关注：(A) 材料的质量以及可选择的色彩(B) 材料的性能、成本、可持续发展因素以及加工特性(C) 材料可以在生产地获得(D) 材料的表面处理特性二、简答题：（每题9分，共45分）1.简述产品设计中三种常用的调查方法，并比较它们在新产品开发中的不同应用？2.简述色彩管理在设计管理中的应用？3.什么是通用性设计，简述通用性设计的主要设计原则？4.简述设计表达对设计思维活动的作用，工业设计师的设计表达方法包括哪些？ 5．试列举三种形式美法则，并分别做简要说明？三、论述题：（1、2题各30分，3题27分，共87分）1.我国多个省市都已在中小学推广试用电子书包，其终端内置相关教育软件及资料，并能连接教育资源网络，取代了传统的书本：（1）从此例出发阐述技术对设计的影响？（2）试分析电子书包应关注的设计重点？2.近年来国内家庭购买私人汽车的速度增长很快，对于这种现象：（1）请分析轿车家庭化趋势对居民生活方式带来的变化？（2）在此基础上阐述未来家用交通工具的设计趋势？3．试论述系统观在设计中的应用，并作举例说明？。

20042005一、名词解释（10 x 5分= 50分）1、过白2、复道3、无梁殿4、样式雷5、“中国传统复兴式”建筑6、田园城市Garden City 7、草原住宅Prairie Houses 8、CIAM 9、粗野主义Brutalism 10、新陈代谢派二、选做题：绘图简析（2 x 10分= 20分，任选任选任选任选2题题题题）1、萨沃伊别墅，分析其体现的“新建筑五点”2、1929年巴塞罗那博览会德国馆平面3、纽约古根海姆博物馆三、绘图比较分析（25分）1、佛寺与孔庙平面（15分）2、如意栱与斜栱（10分）四、论述题（25分）综述中国古代建筑的装饰特色五、选做题：论述题（2 x 15分= 30分，任选任选任选任选2题题题题）1. 红屋（Red House）、水晶宫（Crystal Palace）和贝伦斯设计的透平机车间都是近现代建筑发展历程中的里程碑式作品，请论述它们各自在建筑史上的意义。

2. 概念和形象总是共时性的。

……在一件艺术作品中，物质世界、智力世界和精神世界的定律，是同时表达的。

——Walter Gropius，1923年 a. 你如何理解Gropius所提到的三个“世界“？ b. 请简要介绍四位第一代现代主义建筑大师中任一位的生平和创作生涯。

评述你所介绍的建筑师的两个分属不同创作时期的代表作，并分析作品所表达的建筑师对物质世界、智力世界和精神世界的定律的理解。

3. 列表写出五座不同时期（或流派）的外国著名高层建筑，及其所属时期（或流派）、建筑师、建造地点、结构类型，并谈谈你对高层建筑发展趋势的看法。

注意：考生必须按照以下表格形式，于答题纸上自行列表于答题纸上自行列表于答题纸上自行列表于答题纸上自行列表，清晰填写。

2006年，中国建筑史部分一、名词解释（可以绘简图辅助说明。

每题5分，共计25分。

）1、须弥座2、戗脊3、马面4、骑楼5、墀头（都与叠涩有关）二、古文翻译（15分）市井不可園也如園之必向幽偏可築鄰雖近俗門掩無譁開徑逶迤竹木遙飛疊雉臨濠蜒蜿柴荊橫引長虹院廣堪梧堤灣宜柳別難成墅茲易為林三、绘图简析（15分）绘制北京故宫太和殿的平面和立面简图，并分析其特点。