长句的翻译
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英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子,很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技,希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如:例一:Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明,演说过于拖沓,演说者在某一点上讲的太多,或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二:But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一:It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知。
长句翻译长句翻译:1.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confuse way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.我认为,如果一个人思路不清,他写文章也不可能写得清楚;如果他喜怒无常,他的文章就会荒诞不经;如果他思想敏捷,由眼前的事情联想到一百件事情,要是不能尽力约束自己,就会在文章里写满各种各样的比喻。
2.In fancy he saw the trustful, pretty creature who was going to join her life into his; saw himself and her stealing for that night, walking over the moor under the moon, he with his arm round her, and carrying her new garments, till, in some far-off wood, when dawn was coming, she would slip off her old things and put on these, and an early train at a distant station would bear them away on their honeymoon journey, till London swallowed them up, and the dreams of love came true.在想象中,他看见了将要和他共同生活的那个信任的美丽的小东西,看见自己和她偷偷地溜出去,在月光下的荒原上走着,他的胳臂挽着她的腰,手里拿着她的新衣服,直走到一个很远的林子里,那里黎明即将到来,她脱掉旧衣,换上新装,然后,在远处的一个车站,一列早班火车把他俩载上蜜月的旅程,直到伦敦吞没了他们,爱情的美梦变成了现实。
长句的翻译一、原序翻译1.请你方考虑,今后货物一经订妥,就不可撤销,我们认为,这样才有助于更好地合作。
We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think will be conducive to better cooperation.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成,生产规模大,且拥有众多的名牌产品,如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”,公司每年的销售额高达13亿人民币。
Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale; with several well –known local brands such as “Chrysanthemum ”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.二、分译1)汉语长句中若有反问句、反诘句或感叹句,英译时往往要分译。
1.盛夏炎热,一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉,加上轻风拂煦,浑身有说不出的舒坦,忍不住要赞叹一声:莫干山,好一个清凉世界!No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!2.延安虽然还没有战争,但军队天天在前方打仗,后方也唤工作忙,文章太长,有谁来看呢?Although there is as yet no fighting here in Yen’an, our troops are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them?2)汉语长句中若有比方句,英译时往往要分译。
Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1. 何谓长句所谓长句,主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句,亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语(主干/句), 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
例:Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
原文:夫天地者,万物之逆旅也;光阴者,百代之过客也。
而浮生若梦,为欢几何?古人秉烛夜游,良有以也。
况阳春召我以烟景,大块假我以文章。
会桃李之芳园,序天伦之乐事。
群季俊秀,皆为惠连;吾人咏歌,独惭康乐。
幽赏未已,高谈阔论,引以为流觞曲水。
明日隔山岳,世事两茫茫。
翻译:天地之间,万物如过客一般;光阴流转,百代如过客一般。
然而人生如梦,又能欢乐几何?古人手持灯笼夜游,实在是有其道理。
何况春天用美丽的景色召唤我,大自然用华丽的文章赋予我。
在桃花李花的芬芳园中,享受天伦之乐。
众兄弟才华横溢,如同谢惠连;我等吟咏歌赋,却独感惭愧康乐。
在幽静的赏景中尚未结束,高谈阔论,以此作为流觞曲水。
明日山岳相隔,世事如同茫茫大海。
此段文言文描绘了一幅春夜宴会的场景,通过对天地、光阴、人生等元素的描绘,表达了作者对美好时光的珍惜和对世事的感慨。
以下是对文中部分长句的摘抄及翻译:1. 夫天地者,万物之逆旅也;光阴者,百代之过客也。
摘抄:夫天地者,万物之逆旅也;光阴者,百代之过客也。
翻译:天地之间,万物如过客一般;光阴流转,百代如过客一般。
2. 会桃李之芳园,序天伦之乐事。
摘抄:会桃李之芳园,序天伦之乐事。
翻译:在桃花李花的芬芳园中,享受天伦之乐。
3. 群季俊秀,皆为惠连;吾人咏歌,独惭康乐。
摘抄:群季俊秀,皆为惠连;吾人咏歌,独惭康乐。
翻译:众兄弟才华横溢,如同谢惠连;我等吟咏歌赋,却独感惭愧康乐。
4. 明日隔山岳,世事两茫茫。
摘抄:明日隔山岳,世事两茫茫。
翻译:明日山岳相隔,世事如同茫茫大海。
通过对这些长句的摘抄及翻译,我们可以感受到文言文独特的韵味和深厚的文化底蕴。
在品读文言文的过程中,不仅可以领略到古人的智慧,还能陶冶情操,提升审美情趣。
长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子,这叫分译法。
使用分译法,可以把原句中的一个词,一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子(一)副词1.They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上,但没得逞。
英语名言警句长句带翻译英语名句警句因其丰富的内涵和博大精深的文化,具有很高的欣赏和实用价值。
下面为你分享的是英语名言警句长句带翻译的内容,希望你会喜欢!The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination to attain it.;;Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 人生重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标,并决心实现它。
;;德国诗人、剧作家歌德If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend,experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. ;;Thomas Edison如果你希望成功,当以恒心为良友,以经验为参谋,以谨慎为兄弟,以希望为哨兵。
;;美国发明家爱迪生Dare and the world always yields.If it beats you sometimes, dare it again and again and it will succumb.;;W.M Thackeray 大胆挑战,世界总会让步。
如果有时候你被它打败了,不断地挑战,它总会屈服地。
;;英国小说家萨克雷The unexamined life is not worth living.;;Socrates混混噩噩的生活不值得过。
;;苏格拉底Happiness, I have discovered, is nearly always a reboundfrom hard work. ;;Grayson我发现,辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。
;;格雷森Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.;;John Ruskin生活没有目标,犹如航海没有罗盘。
长句的翻译英语中的长句往往是翻译中最为困难的部分。
这是因为英语长句往往修饰关系复杂,句法结构多样,因此会让译者较为头痛。
因此在翻译长句时,首先要搞清楚原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容和各层意思,再寻找几层意思之间的逻辑关系,然后将这些部分译成汉语,并将这些汉语句子按照时间顺序和逻辑顺序,遵循汉语表达习惯进行调整和重新组合,正确地译出原文的意思。
长句翻译的基本原则是拆句和改变顺序。
常见的长句译法主要有:内嵌法、切分法、倒置法、拆分法、插入法、重组法。
1. 内嵌法内嵌法就是把长句中后置的修饰部分放到中心词的前面,从而使译文紧凑、连贯。
这种方法适合翻译含有一个或几个限制性较强的定语从句的英语长句。
例如:1)Instead, it was ethanol, which stores less energy per litre, tends to absorb water and is corrosive; people will use it only if it is cheap or if you force them to through mandatory blending.(Para.3)译文:相反,每升乙醇中的能量较低,而且它又较易吸收水分因而具有腐蚀性。
只有在价格低廉或以法令的形式强制与其它燃料混用的情况下,人们才会使用它。
2)Ceres, which is based in Thousand Oaks, California, has taken several species of fast-growing grass, notably switchgrass and sorghum, and supercharged them to grow even faster and put on more weight by using a mixture of selective breeding and genetic engineering. (Para25) 译文:位于加州千亩橡林地区的塞瑞斯公司,已经种植了包括柳枝稷和高粱在内的几种速成草,并且通过择优杂交和基因工程的相结合的手段催生他们长得更快更壮。
2. 切分法切分法就是在句子太长,不合乎汉语表达习惯的时候,把句子切分开来,变成两个或三个句子来译的译法。
特别要注意的是断开的句子翻译成汉语后,要保持原文内在的联系,意思的完整性。
3)And big plants will, indeed, bring the price down—probably not to the point where cellulosic ethanol can compete in a fair fight, but quite possibly to a level at which fuel companies will make or buy the stuff rather than pay fines for not doing so. (Para.23)译文:当然大企业将使生物燃料的价格降低。
但可能不会低到使这种用纤维素制造的乙醇可以可其他燃料相提并论,但是却很可能低到使燃料公司宁愿制造或购买这种燃料,而不是选择支付罚款。
4)A large shift to electric cars would put the kibosh on the biofuel market as currently conceived by most of its supporters; but it would not necessarily kill the principle of using plants to convert sunlight into car-power.(Para.28)译文:目前多数支持生物燃料的人士觉得,对于电动汽车的青睐会阻碍生物燃料市场的发展,但却不一定能扼杀利用植物将太阳光转化成汽车动力的做法。
3. 倒置法倒置法是指有些英语长句的表达次序和汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,翻译时就要对句子顺序进行部分或全部倒置的方法。
5) In Brazil, which turned to biofuels after the 1970s oil shocks, the price of ethanol eventually became low enough for the fuel to find a market, thanks to highly productive sugar plantations anddistilleries powered by the pulp left when that sugar was extracted from its cane. (Para.3) 译文:在巴西,由于拥有高产的蔗糖种植园和蒸馏场,可用轧过糖的蔗浆提炼乙醇。
乙醇价格低廉,便成为燃料,拥有了市场。
因此自二十世纪70年代爆发的石油危机后该国就转向发展生物燃料。
6)Brazil is a well-governed country, but other parts of the tropics, though endowed with sunshine and cheap land, are not always the sorts of places that the wise investor would pile into. (Para.27)译文:巴西是一个治理有序的国家。
但是尽管拥有得天独厚阳光和低廉的土地,热带的其他地区却并非是那些精明的投资家所青睐的热土。
4拆分法拆分法即把原文中的某一部分(单词、短语或从句)提取出来单独处理,后放在句首,或放在句末。
在翻译长句过程中,当内嵌法和切分法行不通时常用此法。
该方法又可以分成拆分单词、短语和从句。
(1) 拆分单词1) An outsider’s success could even curiously help t wo parties to get the agreement theywant.译文:说来奇怪,一个局外人取得的成功竟然能够促使双方达成意向他们希望得到的协议。
2) The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is in credible-aboutone in four.译文:大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信!(2) 拆分短语1) All members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting frommembership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.译文:各会员国应该一秉诚意,履行依照本宪章所承担之义务,以保证全体会员国由加入本组织而发生之权益。
2) The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, whichexhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady setvise, high drop and killing and ended in a draw.译文:外边观看了在北京举行的锦标赛。
这场比赛在发扣球、主拿球、保龄球、貂裘和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛,最后打成平局。
他们看得简直入迷了。
The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady service high drop and killing and ended in a draw.译文:外宾们观看了在北京举行的锦标赛。
这场比赛在发扣球、转球、保险球、吊球和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛,最后打成平局。
他们看得简直入迷了。
(3) 拆分从句1) This land, which once barred the way of weary travelers, now has become a land forwinter and summer vacations, a land of magic and wonder.译文:这个地方现在已经成了冬夏两季的休假胜地,风光景物,蔚为奇观;而从前精疲力竭的旅游者只能到此止步。
2) The very important oil industry, which has done much to rejuvenate the economyof the South since the end of World War II, made considerable headway especially in the five states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas.译文:第二次世界大战以后石油工业对振兴南部经济起了很大的作用。
这个十分重要的工业部门特别是在以下五个州中取得了很大的进展:阿肯色、路易斯安那、密西西比、俄克拉荷马和得克萨斯5插入法这里的插入法主要是指在长难句中插入破折号,冒号,括号等标点符号,使汉语译文更清晰、连贯。
考虑到汉语的表达习惯,插入的部分应该有一定的长度限制(不超过20个汉字),否则就与汉语的用法不一致了。
例如:1) But that is nothing to celebrate, because melting permafrost will release billions of tonnesof methane, an especially potent greenhouse gas. (Para.15 text A)译文:但是这没有什么值得庆祝的,因为冻土融化将释放几十亿吨的甲烷—温室气体的重要组成部分。
2) Indeed, the decay of Congo’s Belgian-built roads, which in 1960 ran to over 100,000km,must rank as one of the greatest boons to forests since the Black Death. (Para.19 text A)译文:实际上刚果在比利时统治时期修筑的道路(建于1960年全长100,000千米)的坍塌,是继黑死病后对森林的又一大恩惠之一。