长句翻译之分译法
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翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法 Division & Combination* 翻译英语句子时,有时我们可把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
* 分译法和合译法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。
* 所谓分译法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 所谓合译法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
* 一、分译法* (一)把原文中的一个单词译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 1.副词They, *not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本不回答,这是不足为怪的。
* 2.形容词* Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policyof “self-reliance”.* 毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”政策时,也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。
* That region was the most identifiable trouble place.那个地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家很容易看到的。
* 3.名词* A movie of me leaving that place would look like a shell leaving a rifle.* 我离开那个地方的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会像出膛的子弹一样。
* He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头,双目瞪地圆圆的。
* (二)把原文中的一个短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 1.分词短语* She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner ofthe littlekitchen.* 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子,很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技,希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如:例一:Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明,演说过于拖沓,演说者在某一点上讲的太多,或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二:But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一:It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知。
长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last generation or so we’recome to assume that womenshould be able, and should want, to do everything that bytradition men have done at thesame time as prettywelleverything that by traditionwomen have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
(2)Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels werestereotypes of lacking anyfeatures that made them uniqueindividual and were alsosubject to numerousrestrictions imposed by themali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, ifstudents are not to wastetheir opportuniti es,therewill have to be muchdetailed information aboutcourses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
(2)Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures andpatterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege ofbecoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子,这叫分译法。
使用分译法,可以把原句中的一个词,一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子(一)副词1.They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上,但没得逞。
英语长句翻译的技巧一、顺序法I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I would have some more coffee, and when I shook my head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.我认为他意识到了我的不安,因为他坐在椅子上倾过身来对我说话,温文尔雅的问我要不要来电咖啡,而且当我摇了摇头时,我感觉到他的一双眼睛依旧困惑不解的盯着我看。
二、逆序法Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the still resistance that gets in the way.由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带,这一事实使我加强了信心。
三、分译法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a side spread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于头一天的选举结果,总统就此发了言。
英语长句翻译的五种方法科技英语具有逻辑性强、构造严密、表达明确等特点。
这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。
英语长句后置修饰语多,并列成份多,句法构造复杂,层次重叠。
因此,进展长句翻译时,要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。
英语长句汉译时主要采用以下五种方法:顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。
顺译法是指在英译汉过程中,按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序,依次译出的翻译方法。
It is important to remember that the position of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification,and such variations in position,impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.重要的是要记住,给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化,这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化,将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。
原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。
由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是根本一致的,因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches ofthe profession developing consumer goods,such as the materials of construction and industry,including steel,timber,concrete and many other materials;and engaging the modern application and use of steam,electric and gas power engines and machines.土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和部门提供的产品。
翻译技巧之分分合合切分(division)与合并(combination)是翻译中最常用的方法。
切分:原文中的一个词或短语很难照原样处理,有必要将其单独译成一个句子。
或者是将一个长句一分为二,切分成两个句子。
合并:有时译者要合并语言成分,因为合在一起更符合中文的表达习惯,更顺畅。
合并的可以是几个词,也可以是几个句子。
一、切分译法(1)把原句中的一个单词或短语译成句子:(副词→单句)Developing countries seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.发展中国家似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
Those Chinese scientists in Silicon Valley are understandably proud of their achievements.这些在硅谷工作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到很自豪,这是可以理解的。
Incidentally,I hope to get better medical treatment in other countries than I can possibly get here in the Unite States.顺便提一下,我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
(形容词→单句)A naive projection of their past growth rates into the future was likely to greatly over- state their real prospects.若以过去的增长率来预测未来,会显得考虑欠妥,因为那种预测会严重夸大未来的实际增长。
That region was the most clearly identifiable trouble spot.那个地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家都容易看得出来的。
长句的译法翻译长句时,首先要弄清原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及各层意思,然后分析各层之间的逻辑关系(因果、时间顺序等),再按汉语的特点和表达方式,正确的译出原文的意思,不拘泥于形式。
长句的译法主要有以下几种:顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法。
一、顺序法1)If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.分析:这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语从句和三个定语从句组成的。
“她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣”是主句,也是全句的中心内容。
主句前面是一个假设状语从句,其中又包含一个定语从句,这个定语从句较长,所以,在译文中加破折号放在被修饰语之后。
全句共有五层意思:(一)她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力,也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁,苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色;(二)二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特;(三)在四十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣;(四)不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳;(五)灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。
原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致,因此可按原句顺序译出。
译文:如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力,也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁,苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色--二十六年前这种花容月貌曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特--那么在四十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣,不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳,而灰蓝的眼睛也有点儿饱满了。
英语长句翻译方法(1) 逆序法英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文後面开始翻译。
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语经常位于被修饰语之後,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前後调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
例如:It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste theiropportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析:该句由一个主句,一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成,"变得越来越重要'是主句,也是全句的中心内容,全句共有三个谓语结构,包涵三层含义:A. 变的越来越重要;B. 如果要使同学充分利用他们的机会;C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯,我们可采纳逆序法,翻译成:因此,如果要使同学充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
(2) 顺序法当英语长句的内容表达层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。
例如:But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life', the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.(84年考题)分析:该句的骨干结构为"It is realized that ',it为形式主语,that引导主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to 结构,其中,不定式作主语,the time 是"expectation of life'的同位语,进一步解释其含义,而time後面的句子是它的定语从句。
第四单元句子翻译第一节长句处理一、分译法分译即把一个句子中的某个句子成分,分出了另译为一个分句或句子。
所分出来的部分必须是一个意义完整的逻辑上的主谓结构。
例:A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris.译文:他得了感冒,而且越来越重,只好回巴黎去了。
但对他的离去,没有人感到惋惜。
1、单词例1. The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos.译文:烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈深,一切都陷入混乱之中。
例2. A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.译文:我离开那个单人掩体的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会像出膛的子弹一样。
例3. Alchemist made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another.译文:炼金术士企图把一种金属转变成另一种金属,这完全是徒劳的。
例4. With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.译文:由于担心有人阴谋推翻他的领导,他似乎完全丧失了自信心。
但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的。
2、词组例1. He pointed out the growing tension.译文:他指出,紧张局势日益加剧。
例2. Careful cyclists are in less danger than is commonly believed.译文:只要小心谨慎,骑摩托车并不像一般人想象的那样危险。
长句翻译之分译法
分译法:有时英语长句中主句与从句或主句与修饰语之间的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可按汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句中的从句或短语化为句子,分开来叙述;为使语意连贯,有时还可适当增加词语。
例句1:①His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ ②that the fund should continue working /③for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.
按原词序排列的译文实在欧化得令人难以卒读。
拆译是必要的,而且也不难,只要按上述原则,顺着拆开的三个意群,逐片翻译:①他的代表团同意执行主任的意见,/②认为该基金会应继续努力,/③以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。
顺原意排列的程序,逐片翻译,并没有多大困难,但有一点必须注意:拆译后的句子,相互之间必须衔接,这往往需要加一些动词,如本句的“认为”;
加一些虚词,如本句的“以求”。
另外,因为有些片段只是个短语,还需要把某些词的词性加以改变,如本文的understanding,这样才能把各句的意念连接起来。
例句2:The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文1] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
(该句最后一部分太长,翻译腔太重)
[参考译文2] 美国是一个基本上以私有企业为主、以市场为导向的经济。
在这样的经济中,消费者在很大程度上决定应该生产什么样的东西。
什么是他们最需要的服务和商品,他们就愿意花钱在这个市场中来购买,这个经济就生产什么。
[参考译文3] 美国的经济体系是一个基本上以私有企业为主的市场经济。
在这样的经济体中,很大程度上,是消费者决定应该生产什么样的东西。
什么是他们在这个市场中最愿意花钱买的服务和商品,这个经济体就生产什么。
例句3:Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their income, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文1] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
[参考译文2] 因此,在美国这个经济体中,个体消费者的需求、商人试图将其利润最大化和个人试图将其收入最大化的欲望,一起决定了应该如何利用资源来生产他们所共同需要的东西。